Shrimp Exports Research Articles

Application of theory of planned behavior in shrimp consumer behavior analysis

Although the export orientation of shrimp commodities in developing fisheries sector is very influential and has a great contribution in the country's economic development, but there are still many obstacles encountered in shrimp exports. Besides, domestic market can be an alternative choice for shrimp market. Understanding consumer behavior towards shrimp is very important for producers and government in order to know how consumers’ intention in shrimp consumption. Therefore, in this study conducted a consumer behavior analysis of shrimp to determine intention in shrimp consumption in Indonesia by using The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). This research aimed to analyze the characteristics of shrimp consumers, to analyze the contribution of attitudes toward behavior, subjective norms, and behavioral control and formulate market education strategy which can increase the consumption of shrimp. Descriptively, the results of the distribution of questionnaires showed that majority of shrimp consumers were less than 30 years old, with private employment type and housewives. The result of model Theory of Planned Behavior toward shrimp consumer behavior shows that there is a significant affects directly to intention which is from Subjective Norm. The influence of the environment are greatly affects consumers in taking decisions before making a purchase of shrimp products. The government in its program or policy has initiated an approach to the domestic consumers of seafood products in order to create high attention of people to consume fishery products.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI VOLUME EKSPOR UDANG PUTIH (PENAEUS INDICUS) INDONESIA KE HONGKONG SERTA IMPLIKASI KEBIJAKANNYA

This study aimed to analyze the factors that affect the volume of Indonesian exports of white shrimp (Penaeus indicus) to Hongkong and to formulate policies that can increase the volume of exports. Ordinary Least Square method (OLS) is used to analyze the factors that affect the volume of Indonesian white shrimp exports to Hongkong by time series data (time series) period of the last 24 years (1990 until 2013). All independent variables that have significant influence on the volume of Indonesian exports of white shrimp, which are: Hongkong population, Hongkong GDP per capita constant 2005, the nominal selling price of white shrimp Indonesia to Hongkong, the nominal selling price of white shrimp competitor to Hongkong, the nominal exchange rate of the Indonesian to Hongkong and Indonesian economic crisis in 1998 (dummy). Key words: Hongkong, Ordinary Least Square (OLS), the export volume, the white shrimp (Penaeus indicus)

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI VOLUME EKSPOR UDANG PUTIH (PENAEUS INDICUS) INDONESIA KE HONGKONG SERTA IMPLIKASI KEBIJAKANNYA

This study aimed to analyze the factors that affect the volume of Indonesian exports of white shrimp (Penaeus indicus) to Hongkong and to formulate policies that can increase the volume of exports. Ordinary Least Square method (OLS) is used to analyze the factors that affect the volume of Indonesian white shrimp exports to Hongkong by time series data (time series) period of the last 24 years (1990 until 2013). All independent variables that have significant influence on the volume of Indonesian exports of white shrimp, which are: Hongkong population, Hongkong GDP per capita constant 2005, the nominal selling price of white shrimp Indonesia to Hongkong, the nominal selling price of white shrimp competitor to Hongkong, the nominal exchange rate of the Indonesian to Hongkong and Indonesian economic crisis in 1998 (dummy). Key words: Hongkong, Ordinary Least Square (OLS), the export volume, the white shrimp (Penaeus indicus)

Elaboración de un bouillón a partir de los subproductos del camarón (Penaeus Vannamei)

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como propósito utilizar los subproductos del camarón (Penaeus Vannamei) en la elaboración de un bouillón. En Ecuador, la exportación de camarón durante las dos últimas décadas ha representado un rubro importante para la obtención de divisas. La Cámara Nacional De Acuacultura registra que en el año 2003 Ecuador exportó 114.765.210 libras de camarón que equivalen a 52.166 toneladas al año en diversas presentaciones, con un valor de $278,8 millones y se constituyó como el tercer producto de exportación. Lamentablemente estas industrias generan grandes cantidades de desechos de cabezas y caparazones y otros desperdicios en general, aproximadamente el 65 y el 70 % corresponde a la cola del camarón, por lo que el porcentaje de desperdicios constituye el 30 y el 35%. Por tal motivo, en el presente trabajo de investigación se presenta una opción para desarrollo de un producto comestible a base de harina de camarón con adición de ají jalapeño (Bouillón). El bouillón elaborado con 25% de harina del subproducto de camarón y 1,5% de harina de jalapeño fue el tratamiento con mayor aceptación de acuerdo a la evaluación sensorial realizada. Este tratamiento se destacó en las evaluaciones de color, sabor y aceptabilidad general. Palabras clave: subproductos, camarón, Penaeus vannamei, exportación, bouillón.

US–Shrimp II (Vietnam): Dubious Application of Anti-Dumping Duties – Should Have Used Safeguards

AbstractThis article explores the idea that the USDOC imposed anti-dumping duties on Vietnamese shrimp producers despite the fact that the surge of shrimp imports giving rise to the duties may have come from elsewhere in the developing world. We argue that Vietnam's shrimp exporters may have been subject to anti-dumping duties because Vietnam has ‘non-market economy’ (NME) status in the United States. This makes it possible to levy higher duties against Vietnamese firms. We make the point that it was particularly inappropriate to impose anti-dumping duties against the Vietnamese shrimp industry because this industry shows clear indications of being perfectly competitive, whereby firms cannot dump. This in turn raises the question of how the USDOC was able to construct a dumping case where apparently none could have existed. Use of the ‘zeroing’ methodology, in conjunction with Vietnam's NME status, turns out to be central to the answer. The broader issue is that anti-dumping duties are overused where safeguards would be more efficient. The analysis is relevant for the current controversy over China's NME status with a number of its trading partners.

Geographical Penetration, Composition, Unit Value Realisation, Exports Competitiveness and Market Diversification of Shrimp Exports from India

In India, fisheries is an economic activity contributing 17.07% of the total agricultural exports during the year 2016–17 with annual earnings of US$ 5.78 billion (` 37, 870 crores). Frozen shrimp contributes maximum share of about 66% by value and 39% by quantity. The present study has examined the geographical penetration, composition and unit value realisation of frozen shrimp exports from India. It also estimates the competitiveness index, comparative advantage and market diversification of Indian frozen shrimp exports in the world exports market. India's total fishery exports has risen from 0.3 million tons to 0.95 million tons during the period 1995–96 to 2015–16 with a compound growth rate of 6.46%. India has lost its market share in Japan but has gained in South East Asia and European Union market during the period 1995–96 to 2014–15. India's frozen shrimp exports to major export destinations like Japan, USA and EU have been getting diversified over the period.

Performance of exporting shrimps and dry fishes from Bangladesh

This study shows the present status of exporting shrimps and dry fishes from Bangladesh in the pre-and -post liberalization period, estimates the growth rate and instability of exporting shrimps and dry fishes for earnings, quantity & price for five years. Recent status presents that farming of shrimp and processing of dry fish are increasing over the year. Status of exporting shrimp & dry fish (value, volume & price) are decreasing in recent years compared to previous years. The overall estimated growth of exported shrimp and dry fish (value) were found 19.48% and 16.53% and (volume) were found 11.52% and 12.86%, respectively. On the other hand, overall estimated export growth of shrimp & dry fish (price) were 175.94% and 37.58%, respectively. Instability in shrimp export earnings was found the highest in period I which was 62.16% and the lowest in period II which was 12.56%. Dry fish export instability was the highest for period I which was 128.08% & the lowest percentage was 54.49% in period II. Instability in quantity export of shrimp was found the highest in period I at 63.29% whereas it was 155.92% in period I for dry fish export and the lowest percentage for both were 14.5% & 48.66% in period II, respectively. On the other hand, instability in prices of exported shrimp & dry fish were found the highest in period I which were 25.26% & 140.63%, respectively. The lowest percentage for shrimp in period II which was 11.29% and for dry fish it was 63.56% in period III. It also affects export of shrimp & dry fish from Bangladesh. The circumstances of shrimp & dry fish export demand different institutional supports to enhance the marketing activities and to strengthen the competitive position in the international market with a view to ensuring more contribution to our economy.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 14(1): 69-74, June 2016

DAMP AI( HAMBATAN NON-TARIF TERHADAP PERMINT AAN EKSPOR UDANG INDONESIA KE UNI EROPA

This research was aimed to determine theforms of the non-tarifbarrier and its impact to the Indonesian shrimp export demand to the European Union (EU), beside the other factors as constructor of demand function. This research used secondary data (lime series) during 23 years (1984-2006): shrimp export volume (Qd), shrimp export price (Px), domestic shrimp price (Pd), crab export price (Pk), exchange rate from the importing countries, and commerce regulations which is peiformed by EU as dummy variables. The data collected from DKP, BPS, Depdag, internet, and other relevant institutions. Peculiarly, the dummy variable grouped into 6 groups: RASFF (DI), contaminant (D2), certain substances & residues (D3), health conditions & food hVf!iene rules (D4), HCCP (D5), and marketinf! standards (D6).This research used the multiple regression analysis model, with the tolerant time (!gg) I year from tfor several dummy variables. Analysis were conducted at 6 markets: UE as a whole, Dutch, United Kingdom (UK), French, Germany, and Belgia and Luxemburg. Testing of the classical assumptions conducted by the econometric criterions is covering the economic and statistic criterions. The estimation of the regression parameters conducted by the smallest square method (ordinarv least SQuare. OLS) and model repaired as the effect of existence of the first order autocorrelation by a comand "auto". The equation model related to the Coob-Douglas model, was transformed into the natural logarithm model in order to easiZv analyzed in package program of statistics.Result of the analysis indicated that the commerce regulations applied by the EU, which its vary to each state, entirely has the negative impact to the Indonesian shrimp export to the UE, except D4 for the UK that shown the positive impact. Several regulations known newly indicated the effect which itsformed into Jgg or its impact is newly felt I year after the regulations enter into force. Thefact strengthen the assumption that applying of commerce regulations by the UE can be the disguised restriction to trade, in this case included to the non tarifbarrier. The sixth groups of the regulationswere very related to the food security and traceability aspect, or in its bearing with the WTO agreements were very related to the SPS and TBT aspect. This invention also strengthen the assumption that non-tarif barrier which newly developed by the advanced countries to control the importation from the other countries were deal with the food security and traceability aspect, or the SPS and TBT aspect. The quantitative non- tarif barrier, example import quota or embargo, were rarer in used. Ap-parently, the EU doesn't wishtoooutspokenin theeffort to control its commerce with the other countries.Realizedor not, in thepresentnon-tarif barrier haveimportantposition to determinewhetheror not thefluent of theinternational trade

DAYA SAING UDANG SEGAR DAN UDANG BEKU INDONESIA DI NEGARA TUJUAN EKSPOR UTAMA

Fishery is one of the sub-sectors holding role in the national economy. Fresh and frozen shrimps are the superior fishery export commodities contributing to Indonesia as the shrimp exporting country. Nevertheless, the volume of shrimp exports in Indonesia is still relatively low compared to that of other exporting countries. This is due to low productivity of shrimp farming in Indonesia. This study aimed to analyze the competitiveness of Indonesian fresh and frozen shrimps in the main export destination countries as well as to analyze the factors influencing the competitiveness in those countries. The data used in this study were series of timeline for 120 months, from January 2005 to December 2014. Thus, the analysis of the competitiveness of Indonesian shrimps was conducted by using Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), while the analysis of the factors influencing competitiveness of Indonesia shrimps was performed by using the Error Correction Model (ECM). The results showed that the competitiveness of fresh shrimps of Indonesia in its export destination countries is still low compared that of frozen shrimps. One of the factors affecting the competitiveness of fresh shrimp exports from Indonesia to Malaysia in the short term is its total production. The competitiveness of Indonesia frozen shrimps in the United States is influenced by the level of competitiveness of the frozen shrimp exports to America on the previous period, export prices of Vietnamese frozen shrimps, and frozen shrimp production in Indonesia. Keywords: competitiveness, fresh shrimps, frozen shrimps, RCA

Organic Black Tiger Shrimp Farming System (Iso 65 Ifoam): Strategy Through Open Spirit Reap Back to Nature

The strategy is very logical considering cultured shrimp is for export, not to meet the domestic market demand. The object studied is the traditional shrimp farmers and organic shrimp farmers. The purpose of research is to find a strategy of foreign exchange earned through the implementation of organic shrimp farming systems (ISO 65 IFOAM). The study used a descriptive approach. To find a strategy using SWOT analysis of foreign exchange earned by weighting the Balanced Score Card. While the effects of the implementation of shrimp farming organic systems analysis with Snow Ball Effect Matrix Balanced Score Card. The results showed that through the implementation strategy organic shrimp farming systems following priority actions are: strengthening the bargaining power in the international market through the supply of organic shrimp exports were stable throughout the year, improving the quality of the supply of organic shrimp.

US Shrimp II (Vietnam): Dubious Application of Anti-Dumping Duties; Should Have Used Safeguards

This article explores the idea that the USDOC imposed anti-dumping duties on Vietnamese shrimp producers despite the fact that the surge of shrimp imports giving rise to the duties may have come from elsewhere in the developing world. We argue that Vietnam’s shrimp exporters may have been subject to anti-dumping duties because Vietnam has ‘non-market economy’ (NME) status in the United States. This makes it possible to levy higher duties against Vietnamese firms. We make the point that it was particularly inappropriate to impose anti-dumping duties against the Vietnamese shrimp industry because this industry shows clear indications of being perfectly competitive, whereby firms cannot dump. This in turn raises the question of how the USDOC was able to construct a dumping case where apparently none could have existed. Use of the ‘zeroing’ methodology, in conjunction with Vietnam’s NME status, turns out to be central to the answer. The broader issue is that anti-dumping duties are overused where safeguards would be more efficient. The analysis is relevant for the current controversy over China’s NME status with a number of its trading partners.

Modeling alternative mitigation strategies of salinity intrusion on food production by integrating SWOT and TEAM decision models

Salinity intrusion is one of the major concerns for the coastal people of Bangladesh. The impacts of salinity intrusion on food production of coastal districts are likely to severe. Since the extensive shrimp farming cultivation started in the 1970s, it has spread throughout the coastal region, increasing soil and water salinity levels. A mixed-method approach was employed by coupling with SWOT (strength, weakness, opportunities and threats) models for identifying alternative mitigation strategies of salinity intrusion on food production at coastal districts in Bangladesh. A variety of stakeholders and policymakers were first interviewed, being asked to participate in an exercise identifying their perceptions of the greatest challenges facing coastal districts people due to salinity intrusion on food production. The study results reveal that large part of the land of coastal districts intrude with high salinity and a little part is under moderate and low salinity. Therefore, the agricultural land is decreasing and shifting into shrimp farming and settlements. The salinity intrusion affects the soil surface is to decrease food crop production of the study areas about approximately 0.45 metric tons every year. The integrating SWOT and TEAM models analysis were shown that the indigenous agricultural systems, NGOs activities and community people adaptive potency were the strength whereas sensitive environment and absence of strict law of environmental management and implication gap of policy options were found to be the weaknesses. Foreign aid and research results and shrimp export facilities were found to be the main opportunities. Land scarcity, food security issues and political interventions were found to be the main threats. The SWOT model identified several alternatives mitigation strategies for salinity intrusion in coastal districts context have been identified which are funding opportunities, alternative income generation, sustainable shrimp aquaculture, salinity tolerant crop varieties, climate smart agriculture and environmental education and research etc. In the end, it is a case study that might shed some useful schemes combining scientific assessment models such as SWOT and TEAM, which could feed evidence-based decision-making processes for generating alternatives mitigation strategies of environmental threats.

Indian Shrimp Export and US Anti-Dumping Duty: Issues and Challenges

In the recent past, anti-dumping has emerged as one of the most litigious trade issues in the global market. The share of developing countries in total cases was ten percent at the beginning of 1990s and has increased to more than 50 percent at present. This paper examine the historical perspective of anti-dumping procedures and highlights the changes in the export trend, cultural shrimp productivity and issues of US Anti-Dumping duty on Indian Shrimp. This study revealed that U S Antidumping Duty, Countervailing Duty and Anti-subsidy measures have affected the Indian Shrimp Export.

The Unintended Consequence of an Export Ban: Evidence from Benin’s Shrimp Sector

The inability of Benin to comply with EU standards led to a ban on its shrimp exports. We show that the ban had a negative impact on the income of fishmongers and fishermen, in the short run, but also several years after it was lifted. The impact persisted because exports to the EU did not revive and the local shrimp demand could not fully compensate for the loss of the EU market. A small number of local actors coped with the ban by moving out of the sector, but the large majority were locked in the local fishery sector.

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): Bangladesh Perspective

Bangladesh is a country with thousand year’s history in international trade, investment and business. We have both good and bad experiences with the foreign investors or trading partners. Because of fertile plain lands and favorable climatic condition, ours had predominantly been an agricultural country for centuries. Industrial setup started its journey in the region mainly during British colonial age but got its momentum during 1950s. Investment promotion agencies started their activities at that period. Current Scenario: As a result, today we have an about USD140 billion economy, which is growing with on an annual average 5%-6.5% growth rate during last two decades. Bangladeshi economy is transforming from traditional agriculture based economy into industry based economy. Contribution of agriculture into GDP is reducing day by day but till now it employs 47.5% of workforce. In FY 2012-13, contribution of agriculture, industry and the service sector into GDP is about 13.09, 29% and 57.91% respectively. Contribution of investment is about 15.76% at the same time. Bangladesh received USD 1599.16 Million Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in 2013 when we have exported about USD 30.71 billion and imported about USD 40.61 billion. Therefore the contribution of investment into GDP and percentage of FDI we received in the stated period is not satisfactory at all. Sectors for Investment: Readymade Garment (RMG) is the prime mover of Bangladesh economy along with remittance, and export of home textile, frozen food and shrimp, agro-processing products, tea, vegetables, plastic products, pharmaceuticals, electrical products, etc. Other potential Bangladeshi sectors for investment could be agro-based and agro-processing industry, skilled human resource export, ship building, tourism, basic chemicals/dye and chemicals, ICT and ICT based service, active pharmaceuticals ingredient industry and radio pharmaceuticals industry, polymer industry, jute and jute products, leather and leather products, hospital and clinic, light engineering industry, plastic industry, furniture, energy efficient appliances, frozen and processed fish industry, tea industry, home textiles, ceramics, toy, container service, warehouse, innovative and import substitute industry, and cosmetics and toiletries, etc.

Shrimp Export from Benin vs Food Safety in Europe: Reconcilable Interests?

In order to secure their fishery products market share in the EU, third countries, especially the developing ones, tend to transplant EU requirements into their domestic legal order. In reality, theses transplanted laws do not correspond to measures to reach a level of protection needed by the country of destination. Based upon the case of Benin, this paper intends to show that when these legal transplants are adversely made, they can in some cases have disastrous effects. It can be argued that an unintended result of EU policy was that it contributed to the collapse of the shrimp industry in Benin. The paper moreover argues that despite the stringency of the EU requirements, the implementation of its control policy might inadequately protect European consumers of shrimp.

RAPID DETECTION OF Salmonella IN SHRIMP BY POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION

RAPID DETECTION OF Salmonella IN SHRIMP BY POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION [Deteksi Cepat Salmonella pada Udang dengan Polymerase Chain Reaction] Ulfah Amalia 1,2) , Ratih Dewanti-Hariyadi 2,3) * and Achmad Poernomo 4) 1) Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Diponegoro University, Semarang 2) Department of Food Science and Technology, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 3) Southeast Asian Food and Agricultural Science and Technology (SEAFAST) Center, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 4) Center for Research and Development and Product Processing and Marine Biotechnology Fisheries (CRDPPMBF), the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Jakarta Accepted September 27 th 2013 / Approved July 4 th 2014 ABSTRACT Shrimp is an important non-oil commodity for foreign trade in Indonesia. However, rejection of shrimp exports by the importing countries is still commonly encountered. In 2011, the USFDA recorded two cases of Salmonella spp. contamination in shrimp products from two shrimp processing companies in Indonesia. Analysis of Salmonella spp. in seafood is generally performed using a conventional method which takes at least 5 days. The objective of the study is to get a Salmonellae rapid detection method in shrimp by PCR. In this study, optimization of PCR protocol method to detect Salmonella invA gene was conducted using six different annealing temperatures (59, 59.5, 60.8, 62, 64 and 64.5°C). The results showed that 64°C was the optimum annealing temperature to detect the 284 bp fragment of Salmonella invA gene. The PCR based detection method has a DNA detection limit of 27.81mg/mL and 10°CFU/mL of viable salmonellae with 100% specificity. The PCR protocol is capable of detecting six different Salmonella serovars (S. Enteritidis, S. Hadar, S. Heidelberg, S. Kentucky, S. Paratyphi and S. Typhimurium) but none of the non salmonellae isolates. Application of the PCR assay on Salmonella in shrimp after the selective enrichment step suggested that all 16 samples were positive for Salmonella. At the same time, the conventional method could only detected 3 samples for Salmonella positive.

Social and ecological challenges of market-oriented shrimp farming in Vietnam

Vietnam is one of the largest shrimp exporters in the world. Since 2010, Vietnam has earned about two billion dollars annually through shrimp exports. As a fertile area of greatest potential for agricultural production in Vietnam, the Mekong Delta has been a major contributor to the country’s achievements, especially in the agricultural sector. During recent decades, trade liberation along with various policies in support of aquaculture has accelerated the development of shrimp production in the Delta. Based on an ethnographic study of shrimp farming in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam, I assert that along with great rewards arising from the expansion of shrimp farming areas, productivity, and export value, the shrimp industry has brought various environmental, economic and social challenges. Consequently, shrimp farming is a risky business and local inhabitants have relied on various strategies to cope with these challenges. Risk mitigation in shrimp production and labor migration are the two important strategies of local inhabitants for securing their livelihoods. Water pollution and poor quality post-larvae shrimp are direct consequences of market-oriented production.

Production and Export of Shrimp of Bangladesh : Problems and Prospects

A study on problems and prospects of shrimp production and marketing from Bangladesh on the basis of secondary information was carried out from July to October 08. Shrimp farming has emerged one of the important economic activities in Bangladesh and become the second largest export industry after garments. Shrimp aquaculture in coastal areas plays a major role providing employment, income and food security to remote coastal people where alternative livelihood options are limited. Shrimp culture system is extensive to improved extensive type with total production of 55000 mt of brackish water shrimp and 12000 mt of freshwater shrimp. In coastal Bangladesh, shrimp culture has led to many social and environmental problems. In export markets, shrimps are great but many challenges remain ahead because of increasing requirements of quality, food hygiene and development of technological and trade barriers in large shrimp markets in USA and EU countries. However, challenges lies with good aquaculture practice and competitive export, which are the effective tools for poverty alleviation and national development program for Bangladesh.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v20i1-2.16868 Progress. Agric. 20(1 & 2): 163 – 171, 2009

Coping with the Standards Regime: Analyzing Export Competitiveness of Indian Seafood Industry

<p>In this research paper a Constant Market Share (CMS) approach was employed to learn export performance dynamics of Indian seafood (shrimps and cephalopods) in the major export destinations (EU, USA and select Asian countries), which accounts for a sizeable market for Indian seafood. The Constant Market Share model was used to disintegrate the growth in exports of seafood into market size effect, market composition effect and competitiveness effect. The analysis was performed for the seafood exports for a span of 12 years from the year 1996 to the year 2007, the period during which India had to face severe challenges from evolving food safety regulations in the EU and USA. The analysis was extended to account for the competitiveness at dis-aggregated commodity level. In the present study we observed enhanced competitiveness in the case of cephalopods while shrimp exports were less competitive. To a certain extent it shows that trade facilitating as well as trade restricting effects can coexist as an impact of strict food safety regulations.</p>