Shrimp Aquaculture Wastewater Research Articles

Biomass recovery and wastewater treatment in shrimp aquaculture: A comparative study on the performance of HRAPS and PMBR

Abstract In this study, the utilization of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae for shrimp aquaculture wastewater treatment was explored through two photosynthetic systems: High-Rate Algae Ponds (HRAPs) and Membrane Photobioreactors (PMBR). The application of microalgae and bacteria in shrimp wastewater treatment in both systems exhibited good treatment efficiency, with effective removal rates of COD, N-NO3-, N-NO2-, N-NH4+, TN, and P-PO43- reaching 27.4%, 58.7%, -35%, 92.2%, 77%, and 93.5% respectively in the HRAPs model, and 29.7%, 24.5%, 26%, 83.9%, 75%, and 93.4% respectively in the PMBR model. Both models demonstrated similar capabilities in COD and P-PO43- removal. However, HRAPs showed higher efficiency in N-NO3- removal compared to PMBR, whereas PMBR was more effective in N-NO2- removal. Regarding daily biomass recovery, HRAPs achieved 5474 mg/day compared to PMBR, which reached 7265 mg/day, indicating a higher biomass recovery capability of PMBR over HRAPs. These results unveil the potential application of microalgae in shrimp aquaculture wastewater treatment, providing a comprehensive insight into the performance and advantages of each system in wastewater treatment and biomass recovery.

Response strategies of leaf vein traits and stomatal traits of Aegiceras corniculatum to shrimp aquaculture wastewater discharge

Response strategies of leaf vein traits and stomatal traits of Aegiceras corniculatum to shrimp aquaculture wastewater discharge

Enhanced aquaculture wastewater treatment using water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forsskal) and exogenous compound bacteria

Enhanced aquaculture wastewater treatment using water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forsskal) and exogenous compound bacteria

Utilizing a settling pond-based constructed wetland for the treatment of shrimp aquaculture wastewater – From laboratory to field scale: A case study in Ben Tre Province, Vietnam

Utilizing a settling pond-based constructed wetland for the treatment of shrimp aquaculture wastewater – From laboratory to field scale: A case study in Ben Tre Province, Vietnam

Identification of bacteria isolated from rockworm viscera and application of isolated bacteria to shrimp aquaculture wastewater treatment

Identification of bacteria isolated from rockworm viscera and application of isolated bacteria to shrimp aquaculture wastewater treatment

Electrochemical treatment of aquaculture wastewater effluent and optimization of the parameters using response surface methodology

The electrocoagulation (EC) and electrooxidation (EO) processes are employed widely as treatment processes for industrial, agricultural, and domestic wastewater. In the present study, EC, EO, and a combination of EC+EO were evaluated as methods of removing pollutants from shrimp aquaculture wastewater. Process parameters for electrochemical processes, including current density, pH, and operation time were studied, and response surface methodology was employed to determine the optimum condition for the treatment. The effectiveness of the combined EC+EO process was assessed by measuring the reduction of targeted pollutants, including dissolved inorganic nitrogen species, total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), phosphate, and soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD). Using EC+EO process, more than 87% reduction was achieved for inorganic nitrogen, TDN, and phosphate, while 76.2% reduction was achieved for sCOD. These results demonstrated that the combined EC+EO process provided better treatment performance in removing the pollutants from shrimp wastewater. The kinetic results suggested that the effects of pH, current density, and operation time were significant on the degradation process when using iron and aluminum electrodes. Comparatively, iron electrodes were effective at reducing the half-life (t1/2) of each of the pollutants in the samples. The application of the optimized process parameters on shrimp wastewater could be used for large-scale treatment in aquaculture.

Nutrient consumption of green microalgae, Chlorella sp. during the bioremediation of shrimp aquaculture wastewater

Nutrient consumption of green microalgae, Chlorella sp. during the bioremediation of shrimp aquaculture wastewater

Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Approach to Optimization of Coagulation-Flocculation of Aquaculture Wastewater Treatment Using Chitosan from Carapace of Giant Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii.

The major sources of waste from aquaculture operations emanates from fish or shellfish processing and wastewater generation. A simple technique called coagulation/flocculation utilizes biowaste from aquaculture to produce chitosan coagulant for wastewater treatment. A chemical method was applied in the present study for chitin and chitosan extraction from carapace of Macrobrachium rosenbergii and subsequent application for removal of turbidity and salinity from shrimp aquaculture wastewater. Box-Behnken in RSM was used to determine the optimum operating conditions of chitosan dosage, pH, and settling time, after which quadratic models were developed and validated. Results show that 80 g of raw powder carapace yielded chitin and chitosan of 23.79% and 20.21%, respectively. The low moisture (0.38%) and ash (12.58%) content were an indication of good quality chitosan, while other properties such as water-binding capacity (WBC), fat-binding capacity (FBC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) confirmed the structure and the α-group, as well as the rough morphology of chitosan. In addition, the high solubility (71.23%) and DDA (85.20%) suggested good coagulant potentials. It was recorded in this study that 87.67% turbidity was successfully removed at 20 mg/L of chitosan dosage and 6.25 pH after 30 min settling time, while 21.43% salinity was removed at 5 mg/L of chitosan dosage, 7.5 pH, and 30 min settling time. Therefore, the process conditions adopted in this study yielded chitosan of good quality, suitable as biopolymer coagulant for aquaculture wastewater treatment.

Application of a membrane photobioreactor combined with microalgae for shrimp culture wastewater treatment

Shrimp farming has emerged as a multi-billion-dollar industry in our country, creating numerous economic benefits. However, this sector has several negative environmental impacts. Recent studies on the utilization of microalgae for wastewater treatment are of current interest due to their environmental remediation ability, as well as their potential to generate economic value from the biomass produced after treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the wastewater treatment efficiency of Chlorella Vulgaris using a PMBR membrane photobiological model in shrimp aquaculture. The evaluation process included an acclimatization phase and a treatment effectiveness evaluation phase, which lasted a total of 101 days. Algae biomass, the removal efficiency of COD, N-NO -, N-NO -, N-NH +, and P-PO 3-, and membrane fouling behavior were analyzed. The initial results demonstrated that the algae were well-adapted to shrimp aquaculture wastewater. The removal efficiency of N-NO -, N-NO -, N-NH +, and P-PO 3- and COD was 88.55%, 76.15%, 84.58%, 78.07%, and 81.33%, respectively. The algae biomass steadily increased from 91.3 mg/L to 327.69 mg/L, reaching an average level of about 208 mg/L. Additionally, the transmembrane pressure (TMP) evaluation indicated that the necessary time for membrane fouling removal was approximately 25-26 days.

Hierarchical structure design of electrospun membrane for enhanced membrane distillation treatment of shrimp aquaculture wastewater

• Printed microtextures on PVDF-HFP electrospun membrane by template printing method. • Superhydrophobic membrane (WCA: 158°; WSA: 8.5°) was obtained with microtexture. • Microtextured membrane exhibits excellent desalination performance in DCMD. • DCMD showed stable water vapor flux (33.45 kg·m -2 ·h -1 ) and over 99% salt rejection. • High nutrient recovery of NH 3 , NO 3 , NO 2 and PO 4 from aquaculture wastewater. Electrospun fibrous membranes with superhydrophobicity can reduce membrane wettability and maintain a long-term stable desalination process during membrane distillation (MD). In this study, we developed a novel approach to prepare superhydrophobic poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) electrospun membranes (EMs) by constructing hierarchical microtextures on membrane surfaces via a template printing strategy. PVDF-HFP membranes with printed surface microtextures were successfully prepared using a stainless-steel mesh (SSM) template as a fiber collector. For the injection rate of 1.0 mL/h and the solvent weight ratio of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) of 1:1, the membrane exhibited optimal printed microtextures when electrospun at the temperature of 30 ± 2°C and relative humidity of 70 ± 5%. The microtexture template structure provides hierarchical micro- and nano-roughness on the membrane surface. The optimal membrane exhibits superhydrophobicity, with a static contact angle of water (WCA) of 158° and a low water sliding angle (WSA) of 8.5°. In the direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) for treating shrimp farm wastewater, the initial permeation flux of the optimal membrane was as high as 33.45 kg·m -2 ·h -1 . The superhydrophobic membrane exhibited a stable permeation flux of 29.06 kg·m -2 ·h -1 (only a 13% reduction in flux) after long-term DCMD for 72 h, which portrays great potential for practical wastewater treatment, especially in nutrient-rich aquaculture wastewater.

Efficacy of alginate immobilized microalgae in the bioremediation of shrimp aquaculture wastewater

Bioremediation is a promising technology for eliminating pollutants from the atmosphere, replacing harmful substances, and preventing contamination. The current study’s primary objective was to see how effective marine microalgae organisms were at absorbing nutrients when cultured in aquaculture wastewater. Bioremediation trials were run with 18 immobilized microalgae at different RT (Reaction Time) of 75, 150, 225, and 300 min. The laboratory scale study demonstrated that microalgae such as Chlorella marina , Tetraselmis suecica and Picochlorum maculatum have the capabilities to remove maximum inorganic NH 3 -N and NO 2 -N. The maximum NO 3 -N reduction was observed in Chlorella marina (13.75–2.18 µmol/L). Reduction in PO 4 3- was improved in Picochlorum maculatum with increasing RT and minimum concentrations of 10.86–2.39 µmol/L. Navicula sp. (20.17–3.11 µmol/L) and Nitzchia microcephala (20.17–4.46 µmol/L) utilized a higher concentration of silicate than other algal species from aquaculture effluents. Maximum Total Nitrogen (TN) and Total Phosphorus (TP) removal efficiency were observed for immobilized Chlorella marina at RT of 300 min. As a result, immobilized microalgae have been seen to be a viable substitute for nutrient remediation of aquaculture wastewater with RT ranging from 75 to 300 min. • Aquaculture wastewater is alternative medium for algal biomass. • Recycling of microalgae after wastewater treatment. • Feasibility and potential of microalgae based waste water treatment was evaluated.

Optimizing Hydraulic Retention Time and Area of Biological Settling Ponds for Super-Intensive Shrimp Wastewater Treatment Systems

Biological settling ponds are a practicable approach for treating super-intensive shrimp aquaculture wastewater for almost all shrimp producers in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD). The optimization of the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of biological settling ponds plays a crucial role in establishing the stability of outflow wastewater quality and suitability of the settling pond area (SPA). This study aims to suggest appropriate HRT and SPA for super-intensive shrimp wastewater treatment systems based on the National Standard (QCVN 02-19:2014/BNNPTNT) and the best aquaculture practices (BAP) standards and guidelines. We investigated 20 typical super-intensive shrimp farms in the VMD and collected effluent samples from siphoning process, daily water exchange, and outflow of biological effluent-treatment settling ponds. The results showed that the average of each super-intensive shrimp farm produced wastewater at approximately 218 m3 ha−1 day−1. The contaminant loads of TSS, COD, TKN, and TP were commensurate to 177, 113, 9.86, and 4.19 kg ha−1 day−1, respectively. Based on the relationship between outflow COD, TSS concentrations, and HRT of biological-surveyed settling ponds, a 13.4-day HRT and 1934-m2 SPA were suggested to optimize the super-intensive shrimp wastewater treatment systems. Our recommendation for further work is to continuously optimize the HRT and SPA rates of functional ponds (anaerobic, facultative, and maturation) to ameliorate the engineering configuration of the recommended biological settling pond.

Efforts to Reduce Organic Matter In Shrimp Aquaculture Wastewater With Various Bacterial Consortium Trademarks

Shrimp aquaculture wastewater after the end of the rearing period has a high total organic matter (TOM) content of up to 87.74 mg/L. If the wastewater is disposed of directly without any efforts to reduce or treatment, it will disturb public waters ecosystem because of the high organic matter. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of reduce of organic matter in pond aquaculture waste. The study was carried out in January 2021. Pond wastewater samples were taken from the Tambak at the end of the maintenance period (120 days of maintenance). The trademarks of the bacterial consortium are EM4, Bio HS, BIO Prisma, Starbio plus, BIO2000, and Biolet. The experimental research was arranged in a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 4 replications. Each treatment was filled with 2 liters of wastewater plus 6 ml of a liquid bacterial consortium. As for the solid bacterial consortium, 1 gram/L was added. Measurements of total organic matter, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, salinity and carbon dioxide were carried out every 24 hours for 72 hours of observation. The results showed that during 72 hours of immersion the highest percent reduction in organic matter was in treatment E (BIO 2000) of 95% (87.74 mg/L to 4.11 mg/L). The lowest percentage decrease was in treatment D (Starbio plus) of 83.4% (87.74 mg/L to 14.54 mg/L). However, in general 6 types of bacterial consortium trademarks can degrade organic matter. The levels of temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and salinity are in optimum conditions, while carbon dioxide exceeds the threshold caused by the high activity of overhauling organic matter by bacteria. The conclusion was obtained that the trademark of the bacterial consortium BIO2000 was the most effective in reducing organic matter for 72 hours. Keyword : Shirmp wastewater, Tambak, Bioremediation, Organic Matter, Microorganis

Evaluation on feasibility of two probiotics as microalgae substitutes for Ruditapes philippinarum spat cultured in shrimp aquaculture wastewater

Microalgae, a kind of conventional bait for bivalves, can increase the cost of shellfish aquaculture. On this basis, Ruditapes philippinarum spat was selected to evaluate the feasibility of using photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) and marine yeasts as microalgae substitutes. The results showed that the addition of bacteria obviously affected the growth status of spat. Firstly, the survival rate of spat in 5%, 40%, 50% and 70% PSB substitution groups as well as 5% and 40% yeast substitution groups was not significantly different from that in microalgae group (p > 0.05), but that in other substitution groups was significantly lower than that in microalgae group (p < 0.05). Secondly, the growth rate of spat in PSB substitution groups (except for the 10% PSB substitution group) was significantly higher than that in microalgae group, and the 5% PSB substitution group had a growth rate which was 109.55% higher than that in microalgae group. There was no significant difference in the growth rate between microalgae group and 10%, 40%, 50% and 70% yeast substitution groups. Thirdly, the addition of bacteria also affected the digestive ability of shellfish. Pepsin enzyme activity in 20% PSB substitution group was 29.85% higher than that in microalgae group. Moreover, 5% and 40% yeast substitution groups had no significant difference in the pepsin enzyme activity compared with microalgae group. Finally, the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations in the bacteria addition treatments were higher than those in the control treatment at the end of the experiment, but they were generally maintained at lower levels. In conclusion, it is feasible to partially replace microalgae with PSB and marine yeasts, and it is suggested that shellfish culture should be combined with wastewater utilization to promote the healthy development of aquaculture industry.

Potential of Echinodorus Cordifolius and Vallisneria Natans in Constructed Wetlands for the Removal of Water Pollution from Shrimp Farm Effluent

Management of shrimp aquaculture wastewater is still the major problems in fisheries. Objectives of this study are to set up laboratory-scale wetlands to evaluate the phytoremediator performance of Echinodorus Cordifolius and Vallisneria Natans in improving aquaculture wastewater as a treatment technology from the first day, 3 days, 7 days, 10 days, 14 days, 17 days and 21 days. The controlled and experimental design setup describes both constructed wetland by glass tank sizes with a circulation system. The controlled wetland dones’t have plants and an experimental wetland have plants with details as follows: Echinodorus Cordifolius had fresh weight 193.05±13.502 g, length of plant 55.5±2.081 cm, length of root 30.25 ±6.344 cm. Vallisneria Natans had fresh weight 57.58±0.05 g, length of plant 15cm, length of root 4cm. The results showed that the survival rate (SVR) of both aquatic plants in the experiment was 100% for Echinodorus Cordifolius and 16.7% for Vallisneria Natan in the 21-day experiment. Furthermore, the experimental wetland can be considered as an effective solution in reducing 95.68% of ammonium-nitrogen, 98.86% of nitrate-nitrogen, 60.02% of phosphate, 46,72% of chemical oxygen demand, 100% of iron, 97,4% of copper when compared with the concentration at the beginning of the experiment. To be concluded, the growth and development of Echinodorus Cordifolius and Vallisneria Natans in this wetland has a positive effect on reducing pollutants of shrimp aquaculture effluents in all the 21day experiment.

Bacterial diversity in superintensive vanname shrimp aquaculture wastewater treatment plants in Barru and Takalar Regencies

Super intensive wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is needed to manage wastewater from aquaculture activities before being discharged into the waters. This study aims to determine the diversity of bacterial species in the WWTP super intensive vanname shrimp culture plots located in Barru and Takalar Regencies. The research method was designed by using a survey method in the WWTP super-intensive shrimp cultivation plot in Lajange Village, Mallusetasi District, Barru Regency, and Punanga Village, Takalar Regency. Sampling of DNA from water was carried out every two weeks for one culture cycle by filtering water from the WWTP outlet. The samples obtained were then DNA-extracted using cTAB dTAB DNA extraction kit (Iq2000). Quality of the DNA obtained was measured and analyzed using a genquan machine. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) analysis was carried out by sending the DNA samples to a commercial company (Genetics Science laboratory) for the analysis. The results showed that the highest relative diversity of samples from Barru was 60% unidentified, followed by vibrio, unidentified Chloroplast, Arcobacter, Pseudoalteromonas, Marinobacterium, Marivita, Thalassatolea, Phaeodactylibacter, and Thalassalituus. Likewise, the relative diversity of bacteria from Takalary originating from Takalar, the highest was also not identified, followed by Pseudoalteromonas, unidentified_Chloroplast, Vibrio, Marivita, Thalassotalea, Phaedactylibacter, Thalassolituus, Arcobacter, and Tenacibaculum. It appears that the types of bacteria from the two sampling locations are still quite diverse and found probiotic bacteria, Pseudoalteromonas, that are commonly used in the cultivation of vanname shrimp in both WWTP plots.

Ability of marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. VDW to remove ammonium from brackish aquaculture wastewater

Abstract Nitrogen-rich wastewater is a major problem for the aquaculture industry. To investigate whether algae could be used to remove ammonium from brackish shrimp aquaculture wastewater, marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. VDW was cultured in BG11 medium supplemented with Turks Island salt solution and different concentrations of NH4Cl (1.0–40.0 mg L−1) for 18 days. The cell density of the Synechococcus sp. VDW cultures increased in medium containing between 1 and 10 mg L−1 of NH4Cl, while ammonium concentrations greater than 20.0 mg L−1 had a negative effect on growth. Glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase activities were also examined, and were found to increase with cell density. Meanwhile, glutamate dehydrogenase activity increased in response to high NH4Cl concentrations (20.0–40.0 mg L−1). The cellular response to ammonium excess was confirmed by measuring gene expression levels using quantitative PCR. Expression of both glnA and gltB was down-regulated compared with the control, while that of gdhA was up-regulated. At an initial concentration of 1–10 mg L−1, 98–100% of the ammonium was removed by day 6 of cultivation. Therefore, these findings suggest that Synechococcus sp. VDW can remove ammonium from contaminated brackish water, and may be helpful for improving the quality of aquaculture wastewater.

SCREENING SALT-TOLERANT PLANTS FOR PHYTOREMEDIATION: EFFECT OF SALINITY ON GROWTH AND MINERAL NUTRIENT COMPOSITION

Scirpus littoralis Schrab and Typha orientalis C. Presl are cultivated in the paddy field and in the shrimp pond in the Mekong Delta of Viet Nam for human food and providing habitat for shrimp, respectively. They are recognized as phytoremediator in brackish shrimp aquaculture wastewater treatment system. However, information on effects of NaCl on plant growth and mineral concentrations of the two species is limited. Therefore, the present study was carried out to identify salt-tolerance between the two species. Six NaCl salinity concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 ‰) and two plant species were arranged in a completely randomized factorial design with three replications. The plants were supplied full strength Hoagland’s solution as growth condition with an increment of NaCl 5 ‰ weekly for 6 weeks. T. orientalis had 65 % mortality at the high NaCl level of 20-30 ‰ while 100 % S. littoralis plant survived with only young shoots remained green. Fresh weight of T. orientalis at the 0 ‰ was 30.6 g FW/plant higher than those at the 20-30 ‰ (8.3-6.4 g FW/plant, respectively) leading to the same pattern in dry weight. The amount of Na+ accumulated in the shoots of T. orientalis at 30 ‰ (27.4 mg/g) higher than those at 0-5 ‰ (2.76-10.1 mg Na+/g). S. littoralis had a lower Na+ content in the shoots (20.1 mg Na+/g) than that of T. orientalis at 30 ‰. The Cl- concentration in the shoots of T. orientalis at 0 ‰ (19.7 mg Cl-/g) was significantly lower than that at 30 ‰ (83.3 mg Cl-/g) and was ~1.3 times higher than that of S. littoralis at 15-30 ‰. Between two studied plants, T. orientalis accumulated a higher Na+ and Cl- concentration in the roots and shoots especially at the high levels of NaCl of 15-30 ‰. That indicated S. littoralis are able to withstand salt stress and can be considered the best bio-filter candidate in the integration of constructed wetlands and marine shrimp culture towards sustainable aquaculture in the Mekong delta, Viet Nam.

Efficacy of seagrass Cymodocea rotundata beads on the removal of excessive nutrients in shrimp aquaculture wastewater

The aim of present study is to ascertain the effects of pH, retention time, biomass dosage in beads and beads density on nutrients (Phosphate and Nitrate) uptake efficiency of seagrass Cymodocea rotundata beads in aquaculture effluent. This study was carried out in shake flask at different pH viz. 5; 6; 7; 8 and 9, and different retention time such as 30; 60; 90 and 120 min. The seagrass biomass dosage was tested with 0.1; 0.5 and 1.0 g and beads density of 25; 50; 75; 100; 125 and 150 nos. These results revealed that the optimum pH for maximum uptake of phosphate and nitrate was 7. The overall maximum nutrient uptake was noticed in 50 number beads density where the nitrate concentration decreasing from 2.05 to 0.51 μmol/L and phosphate 1.203 to 0.31 μmol/L. On considering the effects of pH, biomass and retention time, the maximum nitrate reduction (3.85 μmol/L) was found at pH 7 in 120 min at 0.1 g biomass dosage. The high phosphate removal (0.68 μmol/L) was found at pH 7 in 120 min at 0.1 g biomass dosage. Whereas in case of biomass dosage in beads, the maximum nutrients removal were noticed at 0.1 g among the dosage tested.

English

Deterioration of water quality mainly due to high total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) and nitrite will affect the productivity of shrimp culture. In this study, three indigenous strains assigned as VCM5, VCM8 and VCM12 were evaluated for their ability to degrade TAN and nitrite. These strains were inoculated into shrimp aquaculture wastewater to enhance the degradation of TAN and nitrite. All the strains reduced TAN and nitrite level from the shrimp aquaculture wastewater significantly (p<0.05). Strain VCM5 (GenBank accession number KJ700465) and VCM8 (GenBank accession number KJ700464) showed 99.71% sequence similarity with the 16S rRNA gene type species Bacillus vietnamensis 15-1T (ABO99708) and strain VCM12 (GenBank accession number KJ700463) showed 99.05% sequence similarity with 16S rRNA gene sequence type species Gordonia bronchialis DSM43247T (CP001802).