Shoulder Research Articles

PSX-25 Performance, carcass, wholesale, and retail cuts yield of genetically improved entire or castrated crossbred lambs fed total rations under heat stress conditions

Abstract Lamb production in tropical areas is generally conducted with native animals in extensive grazing conditions on naturalized pastures under heat stress. Strategies to enhance productivity using genetically improved intact or castrated crossbred lambs fed with total ratios (TR) need to be evaluated. The performance of intact Dorset-Criollo (n = 10, EDSC, 20.48 kg), intact Dorper-Criollo (n = 8, EDPC, 20.58 kg) and castrated Dorper-Criollo (n = 4, CDPC, 18.40 kg) lambs fed a TR during the growing-finishing phase was evaluated. The TR contained 70% concentrate and 30% grass hay and was fed at 4% of lamb body weight (DMB) until slaughter (SBW, 38 to 40kg). During the trial lambs dry matter intake was recorded daily while weekly weights were taken to determine days on feed (DOF) to reach SBW, average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion (FC). At slaughter, yields of hot (HCY) and cold (CCY) carcass, wholesale cuts (WSC) including neck (N), shoulder (SL), ribs 5-12 (RIBS), loin (LN) and leg (LG), and retail cuts (RTC) including shoulder chops (SCH), French chops (FCH), ribs (RS), back leg (BL) and shanks (SH) of lambs were determined. The WSC and RTC yield were determined as percentage of cold carcass weight. Performance data were analyzed as a randomized experimental (CRD) design over time. Carcass and cut yields data were analyzed as a CRD. LS-means were using for mean separation. Days on feed to reach SBW was less (P < 0.05) in EDSC (107 d) and EDPC (102 d) than CDPC (123 d). The ADG was greater (P < 0.05) in EDSC (215.0 g) and EDPC (189.0 g) than CDPC (167.6 g), but FC was similar (EDSC = 5.2, EDPC = 5.8, CDPC = 6.0). HCY and CCY were similar for EDSC (44.2% and 41.7%), EDPC (45.5% and 43.2%) and CDPC (46.1% and 43.2%). For WSC, N yield was greater (P < 0.05) in EDSC (4.3%) than EDPC (3.8%) and CDPC (3.5%), but RIBS was less (18.9% vs 20.9% and 20.9%, respectively). Yields of SL, LN, and LG were similar for EDSC (31.9%, 12.5% and 33.5%), EDPC (30.7%, 12.2% and 33.9%) and CDPC (31.1%, 13.0% and 33.9%). For RTC, the yield of SCH was greater (P < 0.05) in CDPC (26.6%) than EDPC (24.4%), but similar to EDSC (25.9%). FCH was less (P < 0.05) in EDSP (11.8%) than EDPC (14.4%) and CDPC (15.2%). No differences in RS (EDSC 6.5%, EDPC 6.3%, CDPC 5.5%), BL (EDSC 28.9%, EDPC 29.2%, CDPC 29.0%), and SH (EDSC 7.0%, EDPC 7.3%, CDPC 7.4%) were detected. In summary, castration decreases performance of genetically improved lambs as evidenced by longer DOF to reach SBW and lower ADG than intact animals, but did not influence carcass yield. Differences in WSC and RTC yield were observed among genetic groups and animal type.

Stress distribution on teeth restored with veneers using various incisal preparation designs: A 3D finite element analysis study

Statement of problemThe type of veneer preparation is often chosen according to the patient’s tooth structure and occlusion. Taking biomechanics into account in this decision-making process provides the clinician with more technical information on how to improve the clinical longevity of restorations. However, biomechanical analyses of veneer preparation designs are sparse. PurposeThe purpose of this 3-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis with microcomputed tomography (µCT) data obtained from realistic models was to assess the influence of different preparations for ceramic and composite resin veneers on restoration and resin layer stress distribution. Material and methodsFour replicas of a central incisor were printed and prepared for laminate veneers with 4 different incisal edge designs: shoulder (SH), palatal chamfer (PC), palatal chamfer and oblique fracture involving the distal angle (OF-PC), and palatal chamfer involving horizontal incisal fracture (IF-PC). After fabrication and cementation of the veneers, the restored replicas were assessed with µCT, and 3D finite element models were built. A 100-N load was applied on the palatal surface at 60 and 125 degrees relative to the longitudinal axis. Maximum principal stress and stress distribution on the veneers, cement layer, and tooth structure were calculated and analyzed. ResultsThe SH preparation exhibited better stress distribution than the PC preparation, and the cement layer and the veneer were subjected to lower stress. The IF-PC preparation had better stress distribution than the OF-PC. The shoulder and IF-PC showed higher stress on laminate veneers, but lower stress on the cement layer. Ceramic veneers exhibited lower stress than composite resin veneers. ConclusionsThe different incisal preparations for laminate veneers influenced stress distribution on restorations and on the resin cement layer. The shoulder type preparation showed better stress distribution and the composite resin veneers showed unfavorable results compared with the ceramic veneers.

Assessment of the impacts of land-use change and slope position on soil loss by magnetic susceptibility-based models

Soil loss is a global environmental problem resulting from the erosion process caused by many factors, including land use and slope position. Estimation of total soil loss from agricultural fields is useful for understanding the consequences of historical and current erosion. The main purposes of the current study are to explore the application of magnetic measurements in the mapping and measuring soil redistribution in cultivated (MZ13) and forested (MZ17) transects in a Moroccan subcatchment, to develop a methodological approach correlating magnetic susceptibility (MS, denoted χ) variation to soil erosion/aggradation, and to discriminate the effects of land-use change and slope position on the total cumulative soil loss, assessed using three recently established erosion models based on an MS parameter. MS measurements were done on several soil cores collected at different slope positions including the summit (SU), shoulder (SH), back slope (BS), foot slope (FS), toe slope (TS) for Transects MZ13 and MZ17. A tillage homogenization (T-H) model, simple correlation model (SCM), and simple proportional model (SPM) based on χlf (where lf indicates low frequency) were applied to estimate soil loss for each slope position in the two transects. The results show that the correlation between χlf and χfd (which is the frequency-dependent magnetic susceptibility percentage) is positive and high for the two transects (R2 = 0.95; p < 0.01). The results confirm that the χlf enhancement of soils selected in calcareous parent material is related to the pedogenic processes with the formation of superparamagnetic particles distributed along the slope positions. The current study proves that it is possible to trace and monitor soil erosion and deposition using magnetic parameters (χlf and χfd%) for different slope positions along cultivated and forested transects. The results confirm that the soil losses strongly depend on land use and slope position. Higher erosion depth (d) estimated using the three erosion models are comparable and were about d(T-H, BS17L) = −154.9 cm, d(SCM, BS17L) = −142.3 cm, and d(SPM, BS17L) = −143.6 cm for MZ17 Transect, and about d(T-H, FS13M) = −156.3 cm, d(SCM, TS13L) = −143.8 cm, d(SPM, FS13M) = −145.9 cm for MZ13 Transect. The applied models indicate that the strong losses take place in the upper and lower slopes of the cultivated transect, and in the middle and lower slopes of the forested transect.

Marginal Misfit of 3D-Printed (Selective Laser Sintered), CAD-CAM and Lost Wax Technique Cobalt Chromium Copings with Shoulder and Chamfer Finish Lines: An In-Vitro Study.

Background and Objectives: The aim was to compare the Misfit of 3D-Printed, Selective laser melting (SLM), milled (Computer aided design-Computer aided manufacture CAD-CAM) and Lost wax technique (LWT) fabricated Cobalt chromium (CoCr) alloy copings on shoulder (SH), radial shoulder (R-SH) and chamfer (CH) finish line configuration. Materials and Methods: Ninety resin, second maxillary premolar teeth were prepared for metal-ceramic crowns, equally divided into (n = 30) SH, R-SH and CH margin preparations. For each preparation design (SH, R-SH and CH), CoCr copings were prepared using SLM, CAD-CAM and LWT. This resulted in nine study groups with 10 CoCr copings each. The marginal misfit of specimens was assessed with a high-resolution digital microscope. Misfit was evaluated in vertical and horizontal dimensions in μm. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and a post hoc multiple comparisons test. Results: For vertical misfit, the highest was observed in SLM samples with chamfer margin (167.96 ± 24.1), and the least was shown by CAD-CAM samples with radial shoulder (58.8 ± 12.53). CAD-CAM and shoulder margins showed the least vertical misfit. For horizontal misfit, the maximum was observed in SLM samples with shoulder margin (137.94 ± 37.85) and the least by LWT samples with chamfer (89.38 ± 14.81). Chamfer margins and LWT samples showed the least horizontal misfit among the group samples. Fabrication technique and finish line design play a critical role in reducing the marginal misfit of CoCr copings. Conclusions: For vertical misfit, SLM copings showed poor outcomes compared to CAD-CAM specimens, however comparable outcomes to Cast specimens. SLM copings showed comparable horizontal misfit outcomes to CAD-CAM specimens and low misfit compared to Cast copings, respectively. Vertical misfit was low with shoulder margins, and horizontal misfit was better with chamfer marginal configuration.

ANATOMICAL JUSTIFICATION FOR CUTTING POSTERIOR REGION OF ARM

In modern conditions, the need to review the tactics of combat shoulder injury treatment has increased. Sho ulder injuries often require open surgery. It is known that the choice of operative access plays an important role in the successful performance of medical and reconstructive manipulations. Deepening knowledge about the topographical and anatomical features of the posterior shoulder area will allow us to improve the approach to the implementation of existing surgical techniques, as well as to create a foundation for the development of modern surgical approaches.The purpose of the study was to substantiate the performance of the incisions of the posterior shoulder area, taking into account the peculiarities of the intramuscular distribution of nerves and arteries in human fetuses.The study was conducted on preparations of the upper limbs of 37 human fetuses of 4-10 months using macromicroscopic preparation and morphometry.To choose the optimal surgical access, it is necessary to take into account the individual anatomical features of the vessels and nerves of the back of the shoulder, fi rst of all, the way they branch in the thickness of the triceps muscle of the shoulder. In the examined fetuses, the trunk form of the intramuscular branching of the radial nerve was found in the thickness of the lateral and long heads of the triceps muscle of the shoulder, and the mixed form – in the thickness of the medial head of this muscle. The high location of the entry points ofthe main nerves and vessels in the triceps muscle of the shoulder, their longitudinal course in the thickness of the muscle, and the highest concentration of branches in the proximal and middle parts of the triceps muscle of the shoulder were established. The intramuscular distribution of nerves and arteries of the triceps muscle of the shoulder, and its powerful belly, which is adjacent to the humerus along its entire length, allow it to be used for plastic purposes.Taking into account the established features of the fetal topography of the arteries and nerves of the muscles of the back of the shoulder, we consider cuts parallel to the longitudinal axis of the triceps muscle to be the least traumatic.

Результати протезування плечового суглоба

Актуальність. Ендопротезування плечового суглоба є поширеною у світі операцією. В Україні кількість ендопротезувань плечового суглоба лишається мізерною й не перевищує 30 операцій на рік. Мета: дослідити результати протезування плечового суглоба у хворих із деформуючим артрозом плечового суглоба 3–4-ї ст. за J. Kellgren, багатоуламковими внутрішньосуглобовими переломами проксимального епіметафіза плеча та їх наслідками. Матеріали та методи. Клінічну групу становили 108 хворих, яким було виконано тотальне та однополюсне протезування плечового суглоба в період з 2006 по 2016 рік у відділі реконструктивно-відновної хірургії верхньої кінцівки Державної установи «Інститут травматології та ортопедії НАМН України» (м. Київ). Усіх хворих залежно від проведеного оперативного чи консервативного лікування було розподілено на три групи: група А — хворі з деформуючим артрозом плечового суглоба 3–4-ї ст. за J. Kellgren, група В — хворі з багатоуламковими внутрішньосуглобовими переломами проксимального епіметафіза плеча, група С — хворі з наслідками багатоуламкових внутрішньосуглобових переломів проксимального епіметафіза плеча. Оцінку функції плечового суглоба проводили за шкалами Constant Shoulder Score та Oxford Shoulder Score до операції (за винятком групи В) та через 3, 6, 12, 18 міс. після операції. У переважної більшості хворих ми застосовували однополюсне протезування. Використовували ендопротези Stryker або Biomet. У всіх хворих застосовували стандартну програму реабілітації, розроблену на базі нашої клініки. Результати. Ендопротезування плечового суглоба забезпечує вірогідне покращення його функції у хворих, старших від 50 років, з деформуючими артрозами плечового суглоба, багатоуламковими внутрішньосуглобовими переломами проксимального епіметафіза плеча та їх наслідками (р &lt; 0,01). Найкращі середні результати протезування плечового суглоба як за шкалою Constant Shoulder Score, так і за шкалою Oxford Shoulder Score отримані в групі А (хворі з деформуючим артрозом плечового суглоба). Середній приріст функції плечового суглоба у хворих групи А через 6 міс. після оперативного лікування становив 21,0 ± 2,8 бала (р &lt; 0,05) та 10,0 ± 2,1 бала (р &lt; 0,05) відповідно. Найгірші результати отримані як за шкалою Constant Shoulder Score, так і за шкалою Oxford Shoulder Score в групі С (хворі з наслідками багатоуламкових внутрішньосуглобових переломів проксимального епіметафіза плеча). Середній приріст функції плечового суглоба у хворих групи С через 6 міс. після оперативного лікування становив лише 18,0 ± 3,9 бала (р &lt; 0,05) та 6,0 ± 1,9 бала (р &lt; 0,05) відповідно.

CurveletTransform-Based Texture Analysis of Carotid B-mode Ultrasound Images in Asymptomatic Men With Moderate and Severe Stenoses: A Preliminary Clinical Study.

The curvelet transform, which represents images in terms of their geometric and textural characteristics, was investigated toward revealing differences between moderate (50%-69%, n=11) and severe (70%-100%, n=14) stenosis asymptomatic plaque from B-mode ultrasound. Texture features were estimated in original and curvelet transformed images of atheromatous plaque (PL), the adjacent arterial wall (intima-media [IM]) and the plaque shoulder (SH) (i.e., the boundary between plaque and wall), separately at end systole and end diastole. Seventeen features derived from the original images were significantly different between the two groups (4 for IM, 3 for PL and 10 for SH; 9 for end diastole and 8 for end systole); 19 of 234 features (2 for IM and 17 for SH; 8 for end systole and 11 for end diastole) derived from curvelet transformed images were significantly higher in the patients with severe stenosis, indicating higher magnitude, variation and randomness of image gray levels. In these patients, lower body height and higher serum creatinine concentration were observed. Our findings suggest that (a) moderate and severe plaque have similar curvelet-based texture properties, and (b) IM and SH provide useful information about arterial wall pathophysiology, complementary to PL itself. The curvelet transform is promising for identifying novel indices of cardiovascular risk and warrants further investigation in larger cohorts.

Результаты лечения больных с частичными повреждениями сухожилия надостной и подлопаточной мышц плеча

Цель исследования: сравнить результаты оперативного лечения больных с частичными повреждениями сухожилия надостной и подлопаточной мышц. Материалы и методы. Выполнены обследование и лечение 40 больных с частичными повреждениями сухожилий надостной и подлопаточной мышц, которые имели полный или практически полный объем движений в плечевом суставе. Все больные были разделены на две группы: группа А — выполнены артроскопический шов частичного повреждения сухожилия надостной мышцы (повреждением сухожилия подлопаточной мышцы пренебрегли), дебридмент сустава, субакромиальная декомпрессия, тенодез сухожилия длинной головки бицепса на уровне проксимальной трети межбугорковой борозды плечевой кости (артроскопический) или тенодез на уровне дистальной трети межбугорковой борозды плечевой кости (субпекторальный тенодез); группа Б — выполнены артроскопической шов частичных повреждений сухожилий надостной и подлопаточной мышц, дебридмент сустава, субакромиальная декомпрессия, тенодез сухожилия длинной головки бицепса на уровне проксимальной трети межбугорковой борозды плечевой кости (артроскопический) или тенодез на уровне дистальной трети межбугорковой борозды плечевой кости (субпекторальный тенодез). Результаты. Доля отличных результатов через 6 мес. после оперативного вмешательства по шкале Constant Shoulder Score в группе, где выполнялся шов частично поврежденного сухожилия подлопаточной мышцы вместе со швом частично поврежденного сухожилия надостной мышцы (группа Б), и у больных, у которых не применялся шов сухожилия подлопаточной мышцы, а выполнялся только шов частично поврежденного сухожилия над-остной мышцы (группа А), была одинаковой — по 25 %. Однако в группе А доля удовлетворительных результатов составила 10 %, тогда как в группе Б наблюдали только отличные и хорошие результаты. Через 12 мес. после оперативного вмешательства в этих же группах отличных результатов было больше у тех больных, которым выполнялся шов сухожилия подлопаточной мышцы (группа Б), — 27,5 %, в группе, где не применялся шов сухожилия подлопаточной мышцы, а выполнялся только шов частично поврежденного сухожилия надостной мышцы (группа А), возросла доля удовлетворительных результатов — 12,5 %. Через 6 мес. после оперативного вмешательства по визуально-аналоговой шкале средний уровень боли у больных группы, где выполнялся шов частичного повреждения сухожилия подлопаточной мышцы вместе со швом частичного повреждения сухожилия надостной мышцы (группа Б), стал меньше на 0,4 балла, чем в группе, где выполнялся только шов частичного повреждения сухожилия надостной мышцы (группа А), а через 12 мес. оказался меньше на 0,6 балла. Выводы. Повреждение сухожилия подлопаточной мышцы второго типа (по Fox and Romeo) требует его хирургического восстановления, что улучшает результаты лечения (р &lt; 0,05).

PSXIV-16 Performance, carcass, wholesale, and retail cuts yield of lambs reared under thermal stress in grazing conditions and slaughtered at two body weights

Abstract Lamb production in tropical areas is conducted under heat stress in extensive grazing conditions of naturalized pastures (NP). The average daily gain (ADG) and yields of hot (HCY) and cold (CCY) carcass, wholesale cuts (WSC); neck (N), shoulder (SL), ribs 5–12 (RIB), loin (LN) and leg (LG), and detail cuts (DTC); shoulder chops (SCH), french chops (FCH), ribs (RS), back leg (BL) and shanks (SH) of 12 lambs (X = 19.4 kg) rotationally grazed (3 d occupation and 24 d resting period) for 154 or 238 d were determined. The Lambs grazed &amp;gt;8 h NP, grass hay and water were offered ad libitum, 150 g/d of a supplement (12% CP), and mineral blocks. Weekly weights were used to determine ADG. Lambs were slaughtered at 22 (SW1) or 35 kg (SM2) to determine HCY and CCY, and WSC and DTC yield as % of cold carcass weight. Performance data was analyzed as a randomized experimental (CRD) design over time. Carcass and cut yields data were analyzed as a CRD with 6 replicates per treatment. Lambs fed during 238-d had similar ADG than those fed 154-d (68.14 vs.47.74 g/d). SW1 and SW2 had similar percentages of HCY (35.21 vs. 38.14) and CCY (34.48 vs. 37.40). The WSC as % of cold carcass weight, N (6.43 vs. 7.06), SL (29.95 vs. 30.20), RIB (16.10 vs. 16.95), LN (10.84 vs. 11.33) and LG (36.51 vs. 34.44) were similar for SW1 and SW2. Yield of SCH and SH was lower (P &amp;lt; 0.05) for SW1 (15.80 and 8.11) than SW2 (23.00 and 9.11), but FCH (8.49 vs. 8.57), RS (6.89 vs. 7.00) and BL (36.52 vs 34.45) were similar. In summary, lambs slaughtered at 35 kg improved the retail cut yield, but did not influence ADG, HCY, CCY, and WCY compared to lighter lambs.

Lameness and Radial Nerve Neuropathy Caused By Chondroma Tumor in a Male Dog

A 5-year-old mongrel male dog with severe left forelimb lameness was referred to the veterinary clinic of Urmia University. On initial physical examination, vital signs were normal. However, a firm swelling with a history of one year progressive increasing in size was observed on the caudolateral aspect of the left shoulder. Pedal reflex was negative. On radiographic examination, a large mass with abnormal radiodensity was seen in the caudal humerus. Hypodermic needle aspiration specimen were unremarkable except large number of normal blood cells. Under general anesthesia, the tumoral mass was surgically removed via a caudolateral approach to the humerus. Pathological assessments corroborated the lobular pattern with the presence of tumor cells similar to normal chondrocytes in an amorphous, basophilic matrix that confirmed the chondroma tumor. In the postoperative follow-up, normal nerve function was returned and lameness was disappeared. Chondroma tumors should be considered in the differential diagnosis of dogs with persistent lameness and neuropathies.

Wretched Shoulders - Powerlifting

Wretched Shoulders - Powerlifting

Always looking over our shoulders

Always looking over our shoulders

ASSESSMENT OF TRIGLYCERIDE TO HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN RATIO AS AN INDICATOR OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE AND ITS SEVERITY

Objectives: To evaluate the TG/HDL ratio test as a diagnostic tool for assessing the severity of CAD. Methodology: This was a validation study conducted at the Indus Hospital, Karachi between March 2019 and March 2020. All patients irrespective of gender, aged above 18 years of age, who had chest pain or tightness radiating to the arms or shoulders, had shortness of breath, sweating or dizziness underwent an electrocardiogram (ECG) followed by coronary angiography in a catheterization lab were recruited in the study. Patients with a congenital heart disease or familial hyperlipidemia were excluded from the study. Lipid profiles were assessed by the principal author and were recorded in a predefined pro forma. Results: The mean (SD) age of the subjects was 55.12 ± 9.93 years. A significant association of increasing TG/HDL ratio was observed with the severity of the illness (p<0.0001). The mean TG/HDL ratio was considerably varied in patients with mild to moderate, moderate to severe, and very severe disease from the control group and in the mean TG/HDL ratio of patients with mild to moderate from very severe disease patients (p<0.05). Conclusion: The current study indicates a strong association of triglyceride to HDL-c ratio with severity of CAD. We recommend that TG/HDL ratio should be determined for CAD patients to assess the severity of CAD in addition to other lipoprotein products.

Боль в шее, плече и верхней конечности (CANS): новый взгляд на старую проблему

Боль в шее, плече и верхней конечности (CANS): новый взгляд на старую проблему

Birth injuries in newborn: A prospective study of deliveries in South-East Nigeria

Birth injury is an important cause of short and long-term deformity and disability in children. It is becoming an increasing source of litigation in developing countries. Exploring the magnitude of the problem in a resource-limited setting, and, identifying associated factors, will help reduce its occurrence. This surveillance for birth injuries is a 4-year prospective study conducted in the Enugu State University Teaching Hospital (ESUTH) between 2013 and 2017. Newborns with birth injuries and controls delivered around the same time with similar clinic-anthropometric parameters were enrolled for this study. One thousand nine hundred and twenty newborns were seen during the study period. Forty-six birth injuries were recorded giving in-hospital incidence rate of 24.0 (CI 17.3-30.9) per 1000 live birth. Majority (64.1%) of the injuries seen were related to the scalp. The commonest birth injuries encountered included Caput Succedaneum (41.2), Cephalohematoma (22.9), Erb’s Palsy (17.4), and shoulder dislocation (6.5). One case fatality (2.5%) due to skull fracture secondary to forceps delivery was noted. Birth weight (P=0.034), perinatal asphyxia (P=0.001) and prolonged labour (P=0.001) were significantly associated with birth injuries in the newborns surveyed. Birth injury remains a common and serious medical issue in our setting. Being proactive during antenatal care and labour could go a long way in minimizing the incidence of birth injuries and its consequences on children especially in the presence of risk factors such as high birth weight, perinatal asphyxia and prolonged labour. Key words: Birth injuries, newborns, delivery, Enugu.

Animal models for study on rotator cuff injury.

Rotator cuff injuries are the most common cause of shoulder pain and dysfunction. Ideal animal shoulder models should have similar shoulder anatomy and function as human, and are able to replicate the microenvironment change after tendon injury. At present, a variety of animal models including rat, mouse, rabbit, sheep, canine, bovine, and primate have been used to study the mechanism of rotator cuff injury, effects of different repair techniques, and factors affecting tendon to bone healing. Although large animal models are more anatomically similar to humans, small animal models are more convenient in revealing the biological mechanism of rotator cuff injury and healing. Choosing appropriate animal models based on research objectives and establishing new small animal models play a critical role in revealing the mechanism of rotator cuff diseases and developing novel treating strategies.

Randomized controlled trial of functional outcome of periarthritis of shoulder (Adhesive Capsulitis) in a group of 60 patients using intraarticular triamcinolone vs. intraarticular platelet rich plasma

Background: Periarthritis shoulder is the most common cause of shoulder pain and stiffness encountered in day to day practice. Though the condition is self-limiting it may not be practical to wait for spontaneous resolution as it is associated with significant morbidity hampering routine activities. The various treatment options available include simple physiotherapy, intra articular injections, manipulation under general anaesthesia and surgical intervention. This study was undertaken to compare the efficacy and safety of two intraarticular injections that is triamcinolone acetonide and platelet rich plasma (PRP). Materials and Methods: Patients with periarthritis shoulder were randomly allocated into two groups. Group A receiving intraarticular triamcinolone acetonide injection and Group B receiving intra articular platelet rich plasma. Patients were followed up every four weeks for 24 weeks. And outcome was assessed using SPADI score before treatment and at every visit. Results were assessed using Epi Data version 2.2.2.186. Results: PRP treatment resulted in statistically significant improvement over triamcinolone acetate therapy in both SPADI and VAS scale. Conclusion: Intraarticular PRP is more effective and safe in treatment of periarthritis shoulder. Keywords: Periarthritis shoulder, Triamcinolone acetonide, Platelet rich plasma.

Comparison of outcome between mini-open and arthroscopic rotator cuff repair

Introduction: The aim of this study is to compare the outcomes of all-arthroscopic repair and mini-open repair for rotator cuff tendon tear on post-operative pain, shoulder joint range of motion and physical function. Materials and Methods: The study is a prospective comparative study of rotator cuff repair. The patients include in the study are enroll into all-arthroscopic surgery or mini-open surgery groups. The patients are assess by UCLA and ASES scores pre and postoperatively for upto 1-year follow-up. Results: A total of 44 patients are include in the study. We find no statistical significance comparing the UCLA and ASES scores of both groups. The patients in the all-arthroscopic surgery group experience significantly less pain initially. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the outcomes of mini-open surgery and arthroscopic repair are equivocal, with no difference in post-operative pain, shoulder joint range of motion and patient satisfaction. Keywords: Rotator cuff repair, Rotator cuff tears, Arthroscopic repair.

Editing the cystine knot motif of MSTN enhances muscle development of Liang Guang Small Spotted pigs.

Myostatin (MSTN) is a member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family, and functions as an inhibitor of muscle growth. Disrupting the inhibitory effect of MSTN on growth can provide an effective way to increase the muscle yield of livestock and poultry. The cysteine knot motif of TGF-β can stabilize the structure of MSTN protein and plays an important regulatory role in the biological function of MSTN. Accordingly, in this study, we used the CRISRP/Cas9 to edit the exon 3 of MSTN in the kidney cells of Liang Guang Small Spotted pig (LPKCs), in order to disrupt the cysteine knot motif of MSTN and remove the inhibitory effect of MSTN on its target genes.MSTN-edited LPKCs were obtained through fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and used as donor cells for somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) to generate cloned embryos, which were then transferred to surrogate sows to finally obtain eight MSTN-edited Liang Guang Small Spotted piglets. Among them, two survived to 10 days old. Genotyping revealed that these two piglets were gene edited heterozygotes with base deletion and substitution occurred within the coding sequence of C106 and C108 at the cystine knot motif of MSTN. These changes resulted in frameshift mutations, and conversion of C106 and C108 to other amino acids. More developments of muscles were observed at the shoulders and hips of the heterozygotes of MSTN-edited Liang Guang Small Spotted pigs. H&E analysis showed that the cross-sectional area (CSA) of myofiber inMSTN-edited pigs was significantly decreased, and the number of myofiber were significantly increased. Western blot analysis showed that the disruption of C106 and C108 did not affect the expression of MSTN protein, but significantly up-regulated the expression of its target genes such as Myf5, MyoD, Myogenin and other myogenic regulatory factors. In summary, the gene-edited pig model obtained in this study did not cause complete loss of MSTN expression, and could retain other biological functions of MSTN, thereby promoting muscle growth while minimizing the potential adverse effects on complete loss of MSTN in the Liang Guang Small Spotted pigs.

We stand on the shoulders of women past.

We stand on the shoulders of women past.