Shoulder Stabilization Exercise Research Articles

Effects of eccentric control exercise for wrist extensor and shoulder stabilization exercise on the pain and functions of tennis elbow.

[Purpose] This study aimed to conduct experiments to examine the effects of wrist eccentric control exercise or shoulder stabilization exercises after a basic direct treatment of the elbow in the treatment of tennis elbow patients in terms of pain and grip strength. [Subjects and Methods] The subjects were divided into two groups: one group conducted wrist eccentric control exercise and was comprised of 5 male and 4 female subjects, and the other group received shoulder stabilization exercise and was comprised of 5 male and 4 female subjects. [Results] In the intragroup comparison, both groups showed a significant decrease in pain level and a significant increase in the measurement of the tenderness thresholds of the upper trapezius muscle, lateral epicondyle, and grip strength. In the intergroup comparison, the shoulder stabilization exercise group showed a significantly greater increase in the measurement of the tenderness thresholds of the upper trapezius muscle and grip strength, and the differences were not significant in the pain level and tenderness threshold of the lateral epicondyle. [Conclusion] Wrist eccentric control exercise and shoulder stabilization exercises can be useful as intervention methods for relief from pain due to lateral epicondylitis and for the improvement of functions impaired by tennis elbow.

Efficacy of integrated neuromuscular inhibition technique in improving cervical function by reducing the trigger points on upper trapezius muscle: A randomized controlled trial

Background: The efficacy of ischemic compression, strain/counterstrain, and muscle energy techniques were supported by literatures to relieve myofascial trigger points. However, no high-level research is available regarding the integrated neuromuscular inhibition technique (INIT). Objective: To document the efficacy of INIT in improving cervical function by reducing the trigger points on upper trapezius muscle over the traditional approach. Methods: Thirty adults in the age group of 18–35 years diagnosed with mechanical neck pain with upper trapezius trigger point were selected by the simple random sampling for two group pretest-posttest design. They were allocated randomly into two equal groups, Group A and Group B, respectively. Group A received hydrocollator pack, INIT, neck strengthening exercises, scapular stabilization exercises, shoulder stabilization exercises, postural correction, and ergonomic advice while Group B received the same treatment except INIT. They were treated for six sessions on alternate days for 2 weeks. Visual analog scale, neck disability index, and tenderness grading scale were noted at baseline, 3rd session, and 6th session after the above treatment on both the groups and analyzed. Results: In all the outcome measures, Group A showed significant (P < 0.05) improvement when compared to Group B. Conclusion: There is a sufficient evidence to prove the efficacy of INIT in improving cervical function by reducing the trigger points on upper trapezius muscle

The effects of shoulder stabilization exercises and pectoralis minor stretching on balance and maximal shoulder muscle strength of healthy young adults with round shoulder posture.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of pectoralis minor stretching and shoulder strengthening with an elastic band on balance and maximal shoulder muscle strength in young adults with rounded shoulder posture. [Subjects and Methods] Nineteen subjects with rounded shoulder posture were randomly divided into 2 groups: a shoulder stabilization exercise group and a stretching exercise group. The groups performed each exercise for 40 minutes, 3 times a week, for 4 weeks. Static balance (eyes open and closed), dynamic balance (the limits of stability in 4 directions) and shoulder muscle strength in 5 directions were measure before and after the exercises. [Results] The stretching exercise demonstrated a significant difference between the pre- and post-exercise in the static balance with eyes closed and extension and horizontal abduction strength while the stabilization exercise demonstrated significant difference in the left and right directions between the pre- and post-exercise of the dynamic balance and flexion strength. The stabilization exercise demonstrated significant differences shown in the flexion between the pre- and post-test. [Conclusion] The shoulder stabilization and stretching exercises improved the static balance, dynamic balance, and muscle strength.

The Effects of Shoulder Stabilization Exercise Programs on Shoulder Height and Muscle Activity in Youn0g Adults with Rounded Shoulder Posture

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of shoulder stabilization exercises and stretching on shoulder height and muscle activity in young adults with rounded shoulder posture. The subjects were young adults with rounded shoulder posture, and divided into two groups: shoulder stabilization exercises and stretching exercises. The shoulder stabilization exercise group performed Thera band exercises and stretching exercises. The stretching exercise group performed stretching exercises. The groups performed the exercises for 40min, three times a week for four weeks. Shoulder height was measure by Vanier calipers and muscle activity was measured by electromyography. Shoulder height was significantly decreased in both groups after intervention, however there was no difference between groups. There was a significant difference in muscle activity between the two groups after the intervention, however there was no difference between the groups. This study suggests that shoulder stabilization exercise and stretching affect shoulder height and muscle activity.

Forward Head Posture Correction Versus Shoulder Stabilization Exercises Effect on Scapular Dyskinesia and Shoulder Proprioception in Athletes an Experimental Study

Background:&nbsp;Forward head posture (FHP), the most common deviation from the normal curvature in cervical spine. Craniocervical flexor muscle strengthening is frequently used treatment for FHP. Scapular dykinesia (SD) is the alteration in the normal static or dynamic motion of the scapula during coupled scapulohumeral movements. Shoulder stabilization exercises are an effective treatment for SD. As both FHP and SD are related to each other, the objective of the study was to find and compare the effect of FHP correction and shoulder stabilization exercises on SD and shoulder proprioception.Methods:&nbsp;40 athletes (18-30yrs) were recruited. Subjects were randomly allocated into two groups. Group A received deep neck flexor strengthening and anterior scalene stretch, group B received shoulder stabilizing exercises. Paired t test and chi-square test were used to judge the statistical significant difference. The level of significance was set at p &lt;0.05. All data was analyzed using SPSS program version 12.Result:&nbsp;No statistical significant difference was found between the groups for the 4 outcome variables, but significant improvement was seen within the groups. Shoulder proprioception was found to be significant between the groups where group B (p =&lt;0.001) showed better improvement than group A (p = &lt;0.017).Conclusion:&nbsp;Both FHP correction as well as shoulder stabilization exercises were equally effective in correction of scapular dyskinesia and shoulder proprioception. Shoulder stabilization exercises showed slightly better improvement than FHP correction group in reducing proprioception errors. Also neck strength values were found to be clinically significant for deep neck strengthening group.

Effects of manual therapy on shoulder pain in office workers.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of manual therapy on shoulder pain in office workers. [Subjects and Methods] Subjects included 38 office workers who were randomly divided into two groups: a manual therapy group of 19 subjects and a shoulder stabilization exercise group of 19 subjects. All subjects underwent evaluation of the pressure pain threshold in the splenius capitis and upper, middle, and lower trapezius muscles on both sides. The manual therapy used in the study was designed to include soft-tissue mobilization, prone thoracic mobilization, prone selected thoracic mobilization, cervical mobilization, and thoracic manipulation. Both groups underwent training of two 40-minute sessions per week for 6 weeks. [Results] After the intervention, both groups showed significantly increased pressure pain thresholds in the splenius capitis and upper, middle, and lower trapezius muscles on both sides. The manual therapy group showed greater improvements than did the shoulder stabilization exercise group in the splenius capitis on both sides, left upper trapezius, middle trapezius on both sides, and right lower trapezius. [Conclusion] The results of this study suggest that manual therapy for shoulder pain is feasible and suitable for office workers and may be useful in clinical rehabilitation.

Improvements of Functional Activity and Pain Relief through Stabilization Exercise in Capsulorrhaphy Surgery of Shoulder Dislocation Patients

The purpose of this study cares to investigate effect of shoulder stabilization exercise at the pain control, function and range of motion of shoulder girdle after surgery of shoulder dislocation patients. The subjects were 30 patients who operated on capsulorrhaphy surgery of shoulder dislocation patients. They were assigned by random sampling to an experimental group (n = 15) to which stabilization exercise was applied and a control group (n = 15) to which ordinary physical treatment was applied. To evaluate the degree of pain prior to and after the treatment, a 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS) was used. The Constant–Murley Scale (CMS) and simple shoulder test (SST) was used to determine the function and condition of the shoulder joints of the subjects. To determine the range of motion, a Dartfish program was used. The results of comparison of the therapeutic effect in the experimental and control groups revealed significant differences in active abduction, SST, and power component of the CMS. The results suggest that shoulder stabilization exercise positively affects pain alleviation and functional recovery in shoulder dislocation patients.

푸쉬업 플러스 동작 시 동측과 반대측 다리 들기에 따른 우측 어깨근 활성도 비교 분석

The purpose of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the right shoulder's muscle activity when lifting ipsilateral and contralateral legs during the Push Up Plus (PUP) exercise, which is a typical shoulder stabilizing exercise, and to provide effective data for a shoulder stabilization exercise. Upper trapezius, lower trapezius, levator scapula, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, deltoid posterior, serratus anterior and pectoralis major, which are eight main muscles of a shoulder, were analyzed for the left and right leg lifting by using an electromyogram (EMG). The study revealed that the muscle activities of the right shoulder's upper trapezius, levator scapula, supraspinatus, serratus anterior and pectoralis major were higher when lifting an ipsilateral (right side) leg, compared to lifting a contralateral (left side) leg. Therefore, lifting an ipsilateral leg can be an effective method for enhancing the maneuverability (mobility) of the right shoulder when lifting a single leg.

Effects of shoulder stabilization exercise on pain and function in patients with neck pain.

[Purpose] The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of shoulder stability exercise on pain and function in neck pain patients. [Subjects] The study design consisted of a shoulder stability exercise group and a control group. [Methods] The effects of the therapies were evaluated using a visual analog scale of pain, a pressure pain threshold, neck disability index, cervical range of motion, and a closed kinetic chain test. Each group received treatment five times per week for 4 weeks. [Results] Pain levels showed no significant differences between groups, while pain threshold in all muscles, showed significant increases for both control groups. Neck disability significantly decreased for both groups and the differences between the groups were statistically significant. Ranges of motion and limb stability were measured before and after the exercise period. Flexion, extension, and right rotation were not significantly different between groups. The results showed no significant differences in shoulder stability between the groups. [Conclusion] The use of this exercise should have pronounced effects on pain reduction and functional improvement and should also improve the quality of life in patients with neck pain.

The Effects of Cervical Stabilization Exercises on the Electromyographic Activity of Shoulder Stabilizers

[Purpose] The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of cervical stabilization exercises on the electromyographic activity of the shoulder stabilizers in normal adults. [Subjects] In the present study, 20 normal adults were divided into an experimental group (EG, n=10) that performed cervical stabilization exercises and shoulder stabilization exercises and a control group (CG, n=10) that performed shoulder stabilization exercises. [Methods] The EG and CG performed their exercises three times per week for four weeks. The cervical stabilization exercises consisted of Craniocervical flexion exercises (CCFEs) that were performed using pressure biofeedback units (PBUs). The shoulder stabilization exercises consisted of scapula-setting exercises, wall stretching, and external rotation exercises. To examine the electromyographic activity of the upper trapezius (UT) muscle, lower trapezius (LT) muscle, and serratus anterior (SA) muscle, the electromyograms for these muscles were compared and analyzed. [Results] In comparisons within the groups, the EG showed statistically significant differences in the UT, the LT and the SA. The CG did not show any significant differences. [Conclusion] Cervical stabilization exercises and shoulder stabilization exercises are considered to be an effective intervention for the electromyographic activity of the shoulder stabilizers, the UT, LT, and SA.

Effects of Shoulder Stabilization Exercise on Pain and Functional Recovery of Shoulder Impingement Syndrome Patients

[Purpose] This study examined the effects of scapular stabilization exercises immediately after surgery on pain and function in patients diagnosed with shoulder impingement syndrome. [Subjects] The subjects were assigned by random sampling to an experimental group (n=15) to which stabilization exercise was applied and a control group (n=15) to which ordinary physical treatment was applied. [Methods] To evaluate the degree of pain, a 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS) was used. The Constant-Murley Scale (CMS) was used to evaluate the functions of the shoulder joints. To determine the range of motion, a goniometer was used to measure range of shoulder motion. The simple shoulder test (SST) was used to determine the condition of the shoulder joints of the subjects. [Results] There were significant differences in all the items of the experimental group. The results of comparison of the therapeutic effect in the experimental and control groups revealed significant differences in active abduction, passive abduction, VAS, SST, and the CMS, except for pain. [Conclusion] The results suggest that shoulder stabilization exercise positively affects pain alleviation and functional recovery in shoulder impingement patients.

The Effects of Shoulder Stabilization Exercise and Shoulder Isometric Resistance Exercise on Shoulder Stability and Hand Function

The Effects of Shoulder Stabilization Exercise and Shoulder Isometric Resistance Exercise on Shoulder Stability and Hand Function

Elbow Pain in a Youth Baseball Pitcher

HISTORY: An 11-year-old baseball pitcher sustained a right elbow injury while pitching in the first inning. He had pitched all season without difficulty. After feeling well during his normal warm-up, on the 15th pitch, he felt a pop in his elbow during the acceleration phase. He developed pain and swelling in the right elbow immediately and was unable to continue pitching. He was seen the following day where he had limited range of motion of his right elbow secondary to pain and swelling. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: Positive effusion, no ecchymosis. Tenderness over the medial epicondyle and flexor/pronator mass. 10 degrees to 80 degrees, active; 0 degrees to 90 degrees, passive. Severely tender medially with minimal valgus stress. Neurovascular exam was normal. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS: Osteochondritis dissecans Panner's disease Flexor/pronator common tendon avulsion Medial epicondyle avulsion fracture UCL tear Medial epicondyle apophysitis TEST AND RESULTS: AP, lat at 90 degrees flexion and oblique radiographs: Small eggshell fleck of bone from medial epicondyle, ossification center unfused. No joint effusion seen. MRI: Medial epicondyle avulsion with 2 mm gap. Common flexor and UCL origins intact on the avulsed fragment. Radial collateral ligament intact. FINAL WORKING DIAGNOSIS: UCL avulsion fraction of the medial epicondyle TREATMENT AND OUTCOMES: Immobilization in posterior splint with no throwing activities. Operative repair of avulsed UCl performed 14 days post injury.Complete avulsion of UCL with small eggshell of cortical bone from the medial epicondyle with 4 mm displacement.Follow-up: Ten days post-op, patient was doing well. ROM was 20 – 100 degrees with full supination and pronation. Ulnar nerve function was intact. Repeat AP, lat and oblique radiographs at 10 days, six weeks and 12 weeks showed healing of avulsion fragment of cortical bone to medial epicondyle. Rehabilitation: Immediately post-op: Patient was placed in a splint at 60 degrees flexion. Ten days post-op: The patient started a home program of elbow flexion and extension isometrics at 60 degrees with gentle hand exercises. One month post-op: Gentle concentric exercises were initiated. Six weeks post-op: Patient was advanced to elbow flexion and extension between 0 and 145 degrees, out of splint. Splint was discontinued except at school. No sports participation. Two months post-op: Discontinuation of brace at all times. PREs, shoulder and scapular stabilization exercises were advanced. Ten weeks post-op: Functional exercises; reactive, oscillating blade device; the upper body cycle and tricep PREs were added. Twelve weeks post-operation: Light batting practice.