Shoulder Roll Research Articles

Will the real faker please do a shoulder roll? Bodies, labor, and ideology in esports

AbstractEsports and the broader professionalization of playing video games demonstrates the neoliberal project's continuing expansion across new horizons. By transforming leisure into labor and extracting value from play, major gaming and digital media companies extend the commodity life of video games beyond the sale of the games themselves and into the actual play and even spectatorship of the games. As these companies continue to reframe the actual playing and watching of video games as product, the physical performance of the players' bodies becomes increasingly troublesome, a physical disruption of the media corporations' digital feedback loop.

Facial masculinization surgery

Facial masculinization surgery

Standardized nCPAP Care Bundle to Decrease Days to Wean Off nCPAP: A Quality Improvement Initiative.

Effective bubble nasal continuous positive airway pressure (bnCPAP) implementation is a means to maintain functional residual capacity (FRC) and avoid pulmonary morbidities in neonates. A quality improvement project was introduced to establish a standardized bnCPAP care bundle. A bnCPAP care bundle focusing on shoulder roll use, bnCPAP positioning, assessment for suctioning need, and nasopharynx suctioning was created. The outcome measures collected were percentage of time the infant's pulse saturation was less than 86%, corrected gestational age (CGA) when off bnCPAP, length of time a neonate is on bnCPAP, Downes' score, and compliance to bnCPAP care bundle. An independent-samples t test found a statistically significant higher mean prior to the initiative in the percentage of time the oxygen saturation was less than 86%, Downes' score, length of time, and CGA to wean off bnCPAP ( M = 11.7% ± 10.1%, M = 1.6 ± 1.1, M = 27.7 days ± 29.0 days, and M = 35.0 weeks ± 3.38 weeks, respectively) than after the initiative ( M = 4.0% ± 4.8%, M = 1.1 ± 0.8, M = 11.2 days ± 10.2 days, and M = 32.8 weeks ± 1.00 weeks, respectively). Implementing a standardized bnCPAP care bundle showed improvement in oxygen saturation and increased success of weaning off bnCPAP. Future studies to increase the collected data are needed to compare the outcomes on infants born at each gestational age.

Body roll amplitude and timing in backstroke swimming and their differences from front crawl at the same swimming intensities

The current study investigated body roll amplitude and timing of its peak in backstroke and compared them with front crawl swimming. Nineteen anatomical landmarks were digitised using 80 swimming trial videos (ten swimmers × two techniques × four intensities) recorded by two above- and four below-water cameras. One upper-limb cycle was analysed for each trial, and shoulder and hip roll, whole-body roll (WBR), and WBR due to the buoyant torque (WBRBT) were obtained. Main effects of intensity and technique on the amplitude and timing to reach the peak in those variables were assessed by two-way repeated-measures ANOVA. Swimmers decreased their WBRBT amplitude with an increase in the intensity in both techniques (p ≤ 0.005). The same result was observed for the amplitude of WBR, shoulder roll, and hip roll only in front crawl (p ≤ 0.017). Swimmers maintained the timing of peak WBRBT in both techniques, while they shifted the timing of WBR and hip roll peak toward the beginning of the cycle when increasing the intensity in front crawl (p ≤ 0.017). In conclusion, swimmers maintain the amplitude of WBR, shoulder roll, and hip roll in backstroke when the intensity increases, whereas they reduce the amplitude of all rolls in front crawl.

Suspension Microesophagoscopy for Foreign Body Removal in Children.

View Video S1 Laryngoscope, 131:E2066–E2068, 2021

Is Better Freestyle Swimming Technique Associated With Better Performance?

Swimming technique is widely believed to influence performance, but few studies have quantified this relationship using an objective, pool-side technique assessment. PURPOSE: To determine the relationship between freestyle swimming technique and swimming performance using a poolside technique assessment. METHODS: Freestyle swimming was assessed for technique errors during normal practice near the beginning of the season in 27 Division III college swimmers (16 females, 19±1 years, 1.75±0.11 m, 71.0±10.4 kg). Seven freestyle swimming techniques were considered errors: (1) hand crossing the midline of the body at entry, (2) straight-arm recovery, (3) hand entering with the thumb first, (4) inadequate or excessive shoulder roll, (5) hand crossing the midline of the body during the underwater pull-through, (6) elbow dropping during the pull-through, and (7) excessive neck flexion/extension. Six of the errors were assessed bilaterally, resulting in a maximum possible score of 13 errors. Swimming performance was determined by each participant’s best freestyle event from the end-of-season meet as a percentage of the conference record. The correlation between errors and performance was assessed with Pearson’s r. One participant was removed due to a late-season injury that affected their ability to train and compete. RESULTS: Participants averaged 2.7±1.7 errors (range: 0-5). Their performance averaged 94±3% of the conference record (range: 87-99%). There was a significant negative correlation of moderate strength between number of errors and performance: r = -0.59, p = 0.01, R2= 0.35 (Figure). Fewer errors corresponded with better performance. CONCLUSION: The fewer freestyle technique errors a swimmer made, the faster their best freestyle race time was as a percentage of the conference record. Technique explained 35% of the variance in performance. This study is one of the first to demonstrate this relationship using objective, pool-side assessment criteria.

The Effects of a Shoulder Roll During Laryngoscopy in Infants: A Randomized, Single-Blinded, Crossover Study.

The use of a shoulder roll to view the glottic opening during direct laryngoscopy in infants has been recommended but is not evidence based. Twenty infants with normal airways, <6 months of age undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia were randomized to undergo direct laryngoscopy first with a 2-inch vertical shoulder roll and then without, or vice versa. The primary outcome was the difference in the vertical distance between the angle of the laryngoscopist's eye and the operating room table in the 2 positions. Also, the views of the glottic opening in both positions were recorded for each infant and analyzed by a blinded investigator using the percent of glottic opening (POGO). Twenty infants completed the study without complications. The vertical distance did not differ significantly whether the shoulder roll was placed first or second, and there was no evidence of a differential carryover effect in the crossover design (P = .268). The main effect of the shoulder roll on the mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) vertical distances without 47.8 cm (43.5-52.1) and with the shoulder roll 37.2 cm (33.3-41) yielded a mean (95% CI) vertical difference of 10.6 cm (9.3-11.79; P = .0001). The median (interquartile range [IQR]) POGO scores without 100 [86.2, 100] and with the shoulder roll 97.5 [80, 100] did not differ (median difference [95% CI]: 0 [-20 to 0]; P = .39). A 2-inch shoulder roll lowers the line of sight of the glottic opening compared with no shoulder roll, without affecting the view of the glottic opening during laryngoscopy in infants.

Shotgun wound to manubrium sterni, right anterior neck, and right supraclavicular area

A 38-year-old man presented to the trauma center with a close-range oblique shotgun wound to the manubrium sterni, right anterior neck, and right supraclavicular area. The patient was alert and...

Kinematic Differences in Shoulder Roll and Hip Roll at Different Front Crawl Speeds in National Level Swimmers.

Andersen, JT, Sinclair, PJ, McCabe, CB, and Sanders, RH. Kinematic differences in shoulder roll and hip roll at different front crawl speeds in National Level Swimmers. J Strength Cond Res 34(1): 20-25, 2020-Dry-land strength training is a common component of swimming programs; however, its efficacy is contentious. A common criticism of dry-land strength training for swimming is a lack of specificity. An understanding of movement patterns in swimming can enable dry-land strength training programs to be developed to elicit adaptations that transfer to improvements in swimming performance. This study aimed to quantify the range and velocity of hip roll, shoulder roll, and torso twist (produced by differences in the relative angle between shoulder roll and hip roll) in front crawl at different swimming speeds. Longitudinal torso kinematics was compared between sprint and 400-m pace front crawl using 3D kinematics of 13 elite Scottish front crawl specialists. The range (sprint: 78.1°; 400 m: 61.3°) and velocity of torso twist (sprint: 166.3°·s; 400 m: 96.9°·s) were greater at sprint than 400-m pace. These differences were attributed to reductions in hip roll (sprint: 36.8°; 400 m: 49.9°) without corresponding reductions in shoulder roll (sprint: 97.7°; 400 m: 101.6°) when subjects swam faster. Shoulder roll velocity (sprint: 190.9°·s; 400 m: 139.2°·s) and hip roll velocity (sprint: 75.5°·s; 400 m: 69.1°·s) were greater at sprint than 400-m pace due to a higher stroke frequency at sprint pace (sprint: 0.95 strokes·s; 400 m: 0.70 strokes·s). These findings imply that torques acting to rotate the upper torso and the lower torso are greater at sprint than 400-m pace. Dry-land strength training specificity can be improved by designing exercises that challenge the torso muscles to reproduce the torques required to generate the longitudinal kinematics in front crawl.

Upper body kinematic differences between maximum front crawl and backstroke swimming

The purpose of this study was to investigate why front crawl is faster than backstroke from a kinematic perspective. Three-dimensional kinematics were obtained from one upper-limb cycle of ten male competitive swimmers performing 50 m front crawl and backstroke trials at maximum speed. Swimmers achieved faster centre of mass velocity in front crawl than backstroke (1.70 ± 0.04 vs 1.54 ± 0.06 m·s−1; p < 0.01) with no difference in stroke length (2.00 ± 0.25 vs 2.07 ± 0.17 m·cycle−1), while stroke frequency in front crawl was higher than that in backstroke (51.67 ± 6.38 vs 44.81 ± 4.68 cycles·min−1; p < 0.01). Maximum shoulder roll angle in front crawl was larger than that in backstroke (52.88 ± 4.89 vs 49.73 ± 5.73°; p < 0.05), while swimmers had smaller maximum hip roll in front crawl than backstroke (33.79 ± 6.07 vs 39.83 ± 7.25°; p < 0.05). Absolute duration of the release phase (from the last backward movement to the exit from the water of the wrist) and relative duration of the recovery phase were shorter in front crawl than backstroke (0.07 ± 0.03 vs 0.26 ± 0.08 s; p < 0.01, and 28.69 ± 2.50 vs 33.21 ± 1.43%; p < 0.01, respectively). In conclusion, front crawl is faster than backstroke because of its higher stroke frequency due to the shorter absolute release phase and relative recovery phase durations.

Front crawl body roll characteristics in a Paralympic medallist and national level swimmers with unilateral arm amputation

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to establish the asymmetry and body wave characteristics related to shoulder, hip, knee, and ankle roll in unilateral arm amputee swimmers. Three unilateral arm amputee swimmers, including one Paralympic medallist (swimmer A), volunteered in this study. They conducted two 10-15 s front crawl tests with sub-maximum and maximum speeds in a flume. Shoulder, hip, knee, and ankle roll amplitude and progression of a torsional body wave was quantified using a motion capture system and a Fourier analysis. Swimmer A showed 50% higher stroke frequency than the other swimmers. Swimmers achieved larger shoulder roll amplitude towards the affected than the unaffected side by 19–89%. Swimmer A showed body wave velocity slowing down when it travelled caudally, while national level swimmers presented increasing wave velocity, suggesting that swimmer A had a less effective kicking than the other swimmers. In conclusion, the technique of the unilateral arm amputee swimmers was characterised by a large shoulder roll angle towards the affected side. The Paralympic medallist had larger shoulder roll asymmetry and less effective kicking than the other swimmers and yet achieved higher swimming speed because of his high stroke frequency.

Late-cueing of gait tasks on an uneven brick surface impacts coordination and center of mass control in older adults

BackgroundChanging directions while walking (turning gait), often with little planning time, is essential to navigating irregular surfaces in the built-environment. It is unclear how older adults reorient their bodies under these constraints and whether adaptations are related to declines in physiological characteristics. Research questionThe aims of this study were to (1) investigate whether surface irregularity, late-cueing, and age negatively affect coordination, kinematics, and center of mass (COM) movement during 90° turning gait and (2) determine if adaptations correlate with declines in strength, balance, and reaction-time. MethodsEighteen young (18–35 years) and sixteen older (65+ years) healthy adults participated in the study. Retro-reflective marker and trunk-accelerometry data were used to compute upper-body segmental reorientation timing, upper-body kinematics, and COM movement characteristics. Balance scores, lower-limb strength, and choice-reaction-times were also recorded. ResultsYoung and older adults maintained a cranial-caudal (head, shoulders, pelvis) reorientation sequence (p ≤ 0.018), lowered head pitch (uneven surface; young p = 0.035 and old p < 0.001), increased maximum COM acceleration (uneven surface and late-cueing; p ≤ 0.002), and decreased COM smoothness (uneven surface; p < 0.001). Young adults increased shoulder roll (uneven surface and late-cueing; p ≤ 0.008). Reduced stride regularity (late-cueing) was observed in older (p < 0.001), compared to young (p = 0.017), adults. Declines in strength (p ≤ 0.040) and balance (p = 0.018) were correlated with gait adaptations of older adults. SignificanceLate-cueing on an uneven surface is challenging for older adults. These challenges are exacerbated by strength and balance deficits.

Effect of head pillow and shoulder roll on diameter of the right internal jugular vein

Background: Right internal jugular vein (RIJV) is the most commonly used site for central venous cannulation. Ultrasound guidance has increased success rate and reduced complications of central venous cannulation. The main aim before cannulation is to increase the size of the vein by optimal positioning. We used ultrasound to assess changes in right internal jugular diameter with use of a head pillow and shoulder roll and their effect on the degree of overlap between RIJV and carotid. Methodology: 106 patients were recruited in the study. After intubation the patients were placed in the following 3 positions (i) P1 -without head pillow or shoulder roll, (ii) P2 - with head pillow and (iii) P3- with shoulder roll. All measurements were made in 15 degree Trendelenberg tilt and head turned to the left by 30 degree. The following measurements were recorded in all 3 positions. (a) Transverse and Antero-Posterior diameter of the RIJV. (b) Transverse diameter of the right carotid. (c) Overlap between RIJV and carotid. Results: In our study the mean transverse diameter of RIJV was 1.87cm in P1 and P2 and 1.72 cm in P3respectively. The mean antero-posterior diameter was 1.39cm, 1.37cm and 1.13 cm in P1, P2 and P3 respectively. The increase in diameter in P1 was statistically significant (P Conclusion: We conclude that placing the patient supine in 15 degree Trendelenberg tilt and a30 degree head rotation to the opposite side with or without use of a head pillow would lead to greater chance of first pass success during R IJV cannulation as the diameter was found to be maximum in this position. We do not recommend use of a shoulder roll as there was significant reduction in diameter though the overlap between RIJV and carotid was found to be minimal. Use of ultrasound and proper positioning of the patient will reduce the possible catastrophic complications associated with RIJV cannulation.

Cervical teratomas

Cervical teratomas

General anesthesia with a native airway for patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type III.

Mucopolysaccharidosis type III is a progressive disease with worsening airway, pulmonary, and cardiac involvement that may complicate anesthetic care. To prospectively evaluate the incidence of airway issues and complications during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and lumbar puncture (LP) during general anesthesia with a native airway for patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type III. The study was a part of the natural history study. Anesthesia was induced with sevoflurane, which was discontinued after intravenous access was obtained. General anesthesia with a native airway was provided by dexmedetomidine and propofol. Dexmedetomidine (0.5 μg·kg-1 ) was administered over 5 min followed by a continuous infusion at 0.5 μg·kg-1 ·h-1 . A continuous infusion of propofol was started at 150 μg·kg-1 ·min-1 . A bolus dose of propofol (1 mg·kg-1 ) was administered and the propofol infusion was increased as needed. Airway management and vital signs were recorded for the entire procedure until discharge. Twenty-five patients (6.9 ± 3.1 years) received total of 43 MRI and LP procedures in the cohort. No patient failed sedation. Although mask induction with sevoflurane was not clinically problematic, upper airway obstruction was noted during 14 procedures (33%). This required the application of continuous positive airway pressure, temporary oral airway placement, jaw thrust, or shoulder roll. Airway dynamics improved once the anesthesia was transitioned to intravenous anesthetic agents. Although a small shoulder roll was needed to improve airway patency for 11 cases (26%), a large shoulder roll tended to make the upper airway obstruction worse. Oxygen desaturation (≤90%) was noted during MRI in three cases (7%). A combination of dexmedetomidine and propofol provided effective general anesthesia with a native airway during the procedures. Although upper airway obstruction was noted, it resolved with simple airway maneuvers without further airway intervention.

Assessment of Newborn Care Corner in Public Health Facilities of Ludhiana, India.

In this cross-sectional study of 15 public health facilities in Ludhiana, India, we evaluated 22 delivery points for equipment and trained health personal available at Newborn Care Corner (NBCC) for neonatal resuscitation. NBCCs were established at all the delivery points except one, with radiant warmers in place including non-functional warmers at four (18%) delivery points. Self-inflating resuscitation bag was available at 20 delivery points but shoulder roll and masks of both sizes were available at only 4 (18%) and 5 (27%) delivery points, respectively. Only 4 (27%) facilities had round-the-clock availability of a nurse or midwife trained in neonatal resuscitation, whereas none of the facility had round the clock availability of medical officer trained in neonatal resuscitation.

Enabling IoT for In-Home Rehabilitation: Accelerometer Signals Classification Methods for Activity and Movement Recognition

Rehabilitation and elderly monitoring for active aging can benefit from Internet of Things (IoT) capabilities in particular for in-home treatments. In this paper, we consider two functions useful for such treatments: 1) activity recognition (AR) and 2) movement recognition (MR). The former is aimed at detecting if a patient is idle, still, walking, running, going up/down the stairs, or cycling; the latter individuates specific movements often required for physical rehabilitation, such as arm circles, arm presses, arm twist, curls, seaweed, and shoulder rolls. Smartphones are the reference platforms being equipped with an accelerometer sensor and elements of the IoT. The work surveys and compares accelerometer signals classification methods to enable IoT for the aforementioned functions. The considered methods are support vector machines (SVMs), decision trees, and dynamic time warping. A comparison of the methods has been proposed to highlight their performance: all the techniques have good recognition accuracies and, among them, the SVM-based approaches show an accuracy above 90% in the case of AR and above 99% in the case of MR.

Relations between anthropometric parameters and motor skills of the preadolescent female students

The aim of this research was to examine the relations between morphological markers and motor skills of preadolescent female students. In this cross-sectional study, the pertinent sample of N = 162 was represented by V grade elementary school female students (M= .11.24 years, SD= .86), while 16 measuring instruments were used for the evaluation of anthropometric characteristics, and the battery of 7 tests for motor skills evaluation. The findings have revealed that the two groups of the variables manifested are linearly correlated via one statistically significant canonical function which, explains 42% of the common variance proportion. The attained pair of canonical factors in anthropometric space has determined orthogonal linear combinations of the latent dimensions variables (subcutaneous fatty tissue, body voluminosity and body mass, transversal dimensionality of the skeleton and longitudinal dimensionality of the skeleton), while in the motor space it has been determined by the mechanism of female students' motor skills. The results have signaled that the participants who achieved higher scores on the motor skills tests (60 m sprint - crouch start, handstand against a vertical surface, 'scissors' high jump, forward shoulder roll on the dominant side, shot from the mark using basic technique, one-handed standing shot and ball bouncing on fingertips from the middle volleyball position) had lower canonical coefficients in the subcutaneous fatty tissue and body voluminosity measurements, and vice versa. Indicators of redundancy show that motor test variability depends on the variability of the anthropometric measurements, that is to say, that using the system of the anthropometric variables examined one can anticipate 15,23% of common motor variables variance, and using the system of motor variables 19,26% of motor variables variability.

Evaluation of Two Support Methods for the Subluxated Shoulder of Hemiplegic Patients

One of the most troublesome complications in the rehabilitation of hemiplegic patients is inferior subluxation of the glenohumeral joint. The purpose of this study was to determine which of two shoulder supports, the Bobath shoulder roll or the Henderson shoulder ring, would be more effective in the management of hemiplegic patients with a subluxated glenohumeral joint. To determine the degree of subluxation and the amount of reduction after application of a shoulder support, radiographs were taken of 26 hemiplegic patients with subluxated shoulders. Radiographs of the unsupported affected shoulder were compared with radiographs of the same shoulder with each support applied. Radiographs of the unaffected shoulder were used as a comparison in determining the amount of subluxation. An analysis of variance revealed no significant difference in the reduction of inferior subluxation between the two types of shoulder support. A significant difference in subluxation, however, existed between measurements of the unsupported affected shoulder and the unaffected shoulder (p less than .001) and between measurements of the unsupported affected shoulder and the supported affected shoulder (p less than .001). The results of this study demonstrate the benefits of the Bobath shoulder roll and the Henderson shoulder ring in the management of hemiplegic patients with subluxated shoulders.

Psychometric properties of shoulder-pelvis coordination in hip osteoarthritis patients

Introduction Coordination between shoulder and pelvis girdles during walking is pivotal to optimise a stable forward displacement (Lamoth and van Heuvelen, 2012). Hip osteoarthritis (HOA) increases the stiffness of the pelvis and the low back and should impair this coordination. To our knowledge, no study evaluates this outcome for HOA. The aim was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the pelvis-shoulder coordination in healthy (HEA) and non-severe unilateral HOA subjects. Material and methods HEA and HOA subjects were enrolled. Each participant performed a 3D gait analysis along a 6-metre walkway using an optoelectronic system with 8 cameras (100 Hz). HOA performed a second session to evaluate measurement's reliability (test-retest). Pelvis and shoulder yaws (transverse plane) and rolls (frontal plane) were calculated using markers positioned on the acromial process and the anterior-superior iliac spines. The phase-lag between angle waveforms expressed as a gait cycle's percentage was computed using continuous estimate of relative phase (CRP; Russell Esposito and Wilken, 2014). Intraclass correlation (ICC), one-way Anova and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to evaluate respectively, reliability, responsiveness and validity (against HOOS scores; Ornetti et al., 2009). Results Seventy-eight HEA (58.4 ± 15.4 years) and 103 HOA (61.0 ± 8.1 years) subjects were included. ICC were excellent for roll-lag (0.918) and yaw-lag (0.959). Significant difference was found for roll-lag between subjects (HEA 37.8 ± 10.6%; OA 29.5 ± 9.8%, P r > 0.24, P r = −0.27, P = 0.013 for Lesquene index). Discussion–conclusion Pelvis-shoulder coordination outcomes showed excellent reliability. Roll-lag was related to clinical scores whereas yaw-lag did not. As only non-severe patients were included, these outcomes need to be addressed in population with higher impairment. It could be then proposed as an objective outcome to evaluate deficit in hip osteoarthritis patients.