Shoulder Angle Research Articles

Real-time estimation of upper limbs kinematics with IMUs during typical industrial gestures

In the context of Industry 4.0, collaborative robotics can be improved by implementing appropriate reactive behavior schemes between human and the robot within the shared workspace. Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) are widely used for real-time capturing of the human motion in clinical and sports applications, while less attention has been dedicated to IMUs for human-robot interactions in manufacturing industrial field. The aim of the present study was to validate an IMU-based method for real-time estimation of upper limbs kinematics during typical gestures required for industrial assembly tasks. To avoid ferro-magnetic disturbances typical of manufacturing environments, the magnetometers were excluded from the estimate of IMUs orientations. Shoulder and elbow angles were assessed in real-time during pick and place tasks through three IMUs fixed on the upper body of six participants. Results were validated through a stereophotogrammetric motion capture system. Errors associated to the proposed method were moderate and amounted to 2.4 and 3.5 deg on average for shoulder elevation and elbow flexion-extension angles, respectively, confirming their suitability for an industrial context of human-robot collaboration.

Critical Shoulder Angle Assessment in Radiographies and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Measurement of Intra and Inter-Observer Agreement

Objective: to evaluate the critical shoulder angle by comparing the results of measurements performed by radiography and magnetic resonance imaging, considering the intra and interobserver perspectives. Methods: we evaluated radiographic and magnetic resonance images of 74 shoulders (71 patients) submitted to these exams between 2017 and 2020, regardless of the acquired pathology. We ran a statistical analysis comparing the mean values of the data obtained by the student's t-test, and the analysis of intra and interobserver agreement used the Interclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), with bidirectional mixed models and a confidence interval of 95%. Results: the patients had a mean age of 51.7 years, with a predominance of men (51.9%) and the most affected shoulder was the right-sided one (57.9%). There were no significant differences between the measurements made by radiography and those by magnetic resonance, both by intra and interobserver views, and the ICC showed a satisfactory level of agreement in relation to these aspects. Conclusion: there was an excellent degree of agreement between the examiners, in all the situations compared (intra and interobserver, radiography and MRI), considering the two periods of analysis.

An attempt of devising the programs for the beginner of Cyr wheel

One aim of this study was to devise and implement exercise programs for 14 beginners to the Cyr wheel to learn spinning in a total of 5 sessions (30 minutes each). Another aim of this study was to examine participants’ reflections on those exercise programs and to examine changes in the number of spins and posture during rotations in order to obtain basic knowledge to create a safe, efficient, and enjoyable exercise program for Cyr wheel beginners. One main result of this study was that participants gained a sense of accomplishment when the devised exercise program involved "manipulation" or "balance" rather than "spinning". Participants did not feel an excessive burden from apparatus use and balance, but they enjoyed rotating more. The number of spins and rotation time, i.e., the second aim of this study, increased significantly because the exercise program was conducted in a total of 5 sessions. In addition, the apparatus distance and participants’ shoulder angle increased significantly, and their knee angle decreased drastically.

Sub-acromion impingement syndrome: Scapular morphometric analysis: A study on dry bones among Eastern Indian population

Introduction: Among various factors responsible for the development of chronic shoulder pain worldwide, the role of scapula, as a bony factor, is very important. This study focuses on evaluating the scapular shape and contour as a determinant of sub-acromion impingement syndrome. This was a cross-sectional observational study conducted on dry bones. Material and Methods: Dry scapulae (42 right sided and 38 left sided) were studied by taking digital photographs in different views and analyzing various parameters (critical shoulder angle (CSA), glenoid inclination, shape of acromion process, etc.) using ImageJ analyzer. Results were analyzed using measures of central tendency, and statistical significance was analyzed by measuring P values with the help of SPSS software (v25). Results: There were 40% Type I, 38.75% Type II, and 21.25% Type III scapulae, respectively. The Type I and III scapulae showed significant variations on the basis of various acromion overhangs (anterior overhang was 9.03 mm and 11.08 mm in Types I and III, respectively, while for the lateral overhang, the values were 9.73 mm and 6.25 mm in Types I and III, respectively) and angles (lateral acromion angle was 79.5° and 71.9° for Types I and III, respectively, whereas the coraco-acromion angle was 37° and 30.8° in Types I and III, respectively). The glenoid inclination and CSA were also significantly variable between all three types of scapulae. Discussion and Conclusion: The scapular morphology plays a pivotal role which can be extrapolated on a radiological basis in pertinent patients to determine the chances of developing pathological shoulders in future.

A high acromion-greater tuberosity impingement index increases the risk of retear after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.

No evaluation has been done on the relationship of the acromion-greater tuberosity impingement index (ATI) with retear after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR). Our purpose was to evaluate whether a higher ATI is associated with retear after ARCR. 132 patients received ARCR and underwent MRI scan at a oneyear follow-up to assess tendon healing, and the findings were graded no retear (NR), partial-thickness retear (PR) or full-thickness retear (FR). The ATI, the critical shoulder angle (CSA), acromion index (AI) and lateral acromial angle (LAA) were measured with postoperative radiographs. Functional scores were obtained preoperatively and at a oneyear follow-up. Postoperative Constant scores and ASES scores were significantly different between groups with inferior outcomes in the FR group (p < 0.05 for all). The UCLA score was significantly better in the NR group compared with the PR and FR groups (p < 0.05), and in the PR group compared with the FR group (p < 0.05). For ATI and CSA, the values of the PR and FR groups were larger than the NR group (p < 0.05 for all), but there were no significant differences between the PR and FR groups (p > 0.05 for all). No significant differences were observed with regard to the AI and LAA (p > 0.05, respectively). The repair integrity was positively related to the ATI (0.304, p < 0.05) and CSA (0.252, p < 0.05), but not related to the AI or LAA (p > 0.05 for both). ATI was not related to any functional scores (p > 0.05 for all). This study revealed that the ATI was positively related to rotator cuff retear. Patients with retears had significantly greater ATIs after ARCR. Level of Evidence: III, case-control study.

Added value of combined acromiohumeral distance and critical shoulder angle measurements on conventional radiographs for the prediction of rotator cuff pathology

PurposeTo investigate the role of acromiohumeral distance (AHD) and critical shoulder angle (CSA) measurements from conventional radiographs (CR) in isolation and combined (prognostic index PIAHD-CSA) as predictors of full thickness rotator cuff tendon tears (RCT) and critical fatty degeneration (CFD; i.e. as much fat as muscle). MethodIn this retrospective study AHD and CSA were measured in 127 CR. MR arthrograms served as reference standard and were screened for RCT and CFD. Statistical analysis for inter-reader agreement, Spearman’s rank correlation, linear stepwise regression and logistic regression for AHD and CSA with ROC analyses including PIAHD-CSA were performed. ResultsIn 90 subjects (17 females, mean age 36.1 ± 14.1) no RCT were found on MR imaging and served as control group. In 37 patients (13 females, mean age 58.7 ± 13.2) ≥ one RCT was found. Inter-reader agreements rated between к = 0.42–0.82 for categorical and 0.91–0.96 for continuous variables. No significant correlation of AHD and CSA with either age or sex was seen (p = 0.28 and p = 0.74, respectively). Case group had significantly smaller mean AHD (8.7 ± 3.2 vs. 10.8 ± 2.2 mm; p < 0.001) and larger mean CSA (36.5 ± 4.5° vs. 33.1 ± 4.0°; p < 0.001). PIAHD-CSA increased diagnostic performance for prediction of RCT and CFD (AUC = 0.78 and 0.71), compared to isolated AHD (0.74 and 0.71) and CSA (0.71 and 0.66). ConclusionsAHD and CSA do not depend on age or sex but differ significantly between healthy and pathologic rotator cuffs. A decreased AHD is most influenced by infraspinatus muscle atrophy and fatty degeneration. Combined PIAHD-CSA increases diagnostic performance for predicting RCT and CFD.

Immediate Effect of Chin Tuck Exercises on Craniovertebral Angle and Shoulder Angle Among Collegiates with Forward Head Posture

Forward head posture (FHP) is the forward movement of the head that is caused by improper postural awareness and often results in muscular imbalance that causes pain. The forward head posture is found to be influenced by Craniovertebral Angle (CV) and shoulder angle (SA) that in turn causes rounded shoulder. These biomechanical changes prove to be a hindrance in maintaining neutral head posture and affects the structural integrity. A sample size of 43 were taken according to the selection criteria and the FHP was assessed through plumb line. Double tape was used as markers at tragus of the ear, C7 vertebrae and acromion process. Photos were taken and analyzed using AUTOCAD 2017 software and the results were obtained. A positive association found between the pre and post test results for CV angle with P=0.0001(P&lt;0.05) and no significant association between the pre and posttest for SA with P=0.2 (P&gt;0.05). The craniovertebral angle can be altered with the chin tuck exercises but has no effect on the shoulder angle, hence having no influence over the rounded shoulders but has some effect over the forward head posture.

EVALUATING CRANIOCERVICAL POSTURE BY USING A PHOTOGRAPHIC POSTURAL ANALYSIS in ADOLESCENTS with DIFFERENT MALOCCLUSIONS

ABSTRACT&#x0D; Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the craniocervical posture in adolescents with different malocclusions using a practical photographic posture analysis method. &#x0D; &#x0D; Methods: Thirty-two adolescents (10-15 years) were recruited. The subjects were divided into three groups according to Angle Classification as Angle Class I (10 subjects), Angle Class II (12 subjects) and Angle Class III (10 subjects). Craniocervical postural assessments were conducted using a ‘photographic posture analysis’ method based on three substantial postural angles (sagittal head angle, cervical angle and shoulder angle).&#x0D; &#x0D; Results: No statistically significant differences were detected between three groups (p&gt;0.05), however, sagittal head and shoulder angles were signifacantly lower in the Class II and III groups when compared to Class I. &#x0D; &#x0D; Conclusion: According to our results, by using the photographic method, no difference was detected in craniocervical posture in adolescents with different malocclusions.

COMPARISON OF SCAPULAR MORPHOLOGY IN DEGENERATIVE AND TRAUMATIC ROTATOR CUFF TEARS

Background: Degenerative cuff tears have impingement pathophysiology due to altered scapular morphology as measured by increased critical shoulder angle (CSA), decreased lateral acromial angle (LAA) and increased acromion index (AI). But scapular morphology in traumatic tears has neither been studied nor compared with degenerative tears. Aim: To compare scapular morphology with CSA, LAA, AI between traumatic and degenerative tears and determine their reliability. Methods: This observational study includes 100 patients (50 with traumatic and degenerative tears). We analyzed MRI and standardized AP shoulder radiograph of these patients. Parameters, such as CSA, LAA, AI, were measured on AP radiographs by two separate observers in a blinded manner. The 1st observer repeated measurements after four weeks. We compared age, gender, degree of cuff tear, and CSA values, LAA, and AI between the two groups. Results: On comparison using chi-square test, degenerative group had significantly higher age, higher CSA (mean 37.55, SD 0.88 versus traumatic group mean 36.6, SD 0.95, [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text], highly significant), higher AI (mean 0.73, SD 0.02 versus traumatic mean 0.69, SD 0.04 [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text], highly significant), and lower LAA (77.14, SD 2.03 versus traumatic mean 78.36, SD 2.73, [Formula: see text]-value 0.013, significant). Interobserver and intraobserver reliability of parameters using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) revealed excellent (CSA, LAA) and good (AI) agreement. ROC curve analysis calculated sensitivity (0.7) and specificity (0.66) to diagnose degenerative tear for CSA above 37.05[Formula: see text]. Conclusion: Scapular morphology in traumatic tears differs from degenerative. CSA, LAA, AI can be reliably measured on standardized shoulder AP radiographs.

Relationship between Critical Shoulder Angle and Rotator Cuff Tears in Patients with Non-Traumatic Shoulder Pain

Relationship between Critical Shoulder Angle and Rotator Cuff Tears in Patients with Non-Traumatic Shoulder Pain

Pseudoparalysis and Acromiohumeral Interval Reversibility Are the Most Important Factors Affecting the Achievement of Patient-Acceptable Symptom State After Arthroscopic-Assisted Latissimus Dorsi Tendon Transfer

To determine the patient-acceptable symptom state (PASS) values for American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score and the Constant-Murley (CM) score after arthroscopic-assisted latissimus dorsi tendon transfer (LDTT) and to identify potential factors affecting the achievement of PASS. Fifty consecutive patients who underwent arthroscopic-assisted LDTT between 2015 and 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. In total, 42 patients met the inclusion criteria with minimum follow-up of 1 year postoperative. Patients were evaluated preoperatively and 1-year postoperatively with multiple clinical measurements including ASES, CM, score and PASS. The primary outcome was identified as patient satisfaction which assessed with achievement of a PASS. Potential factors affecting the patient satisfaction including age, sex, body mass index, previous surgery, presence of pseudoparalysis, critical shoulder angle, shoulder abduction moment index, acromiohumeral interval (AHI) reversibility, Hamada grade and fatty infiltration were evaluated for their association with PASS value by stepwise logistic regression analysis. A total of 42 patients were evaluated with mean follow-up 27.8 ± 8.21 months. The ASES and CM scores improved from preoperative means of 21.6± 6.5 and 25.2 ± 8.5 to 65.6 ± 20.7 points and 56.8 ± 16.5 points, respectively (P < .001). The PASS values for theASES and CM scores were 62.4 and 52.5, respectively. The univariate analysis showed that older age (P= .021), presence of pseudoparalysis (P < .001), previous surgery (P= .016), lower preoperative AHI (P= .028), and lower AHI reversibility (P < .001) were all significantly associated with worse patient satisfaction. The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that pseudoparalysis (P= .038) and AHI reversibility (P= .021) were independent prognostic factors affecting theachievement of a PASS after arthroscopic-assisted LDTT. The cutoff value for AHI reversibility topredict an achievement of PASS was found to be 4.0 mm. Arthroscopic-assisted LDTT led to satisfactoryresults in patients withmassive rotator cuff tears. However, pseudoparalysis and AHI reversibility were the most important independent prognostic factors that consistently reduced and increased, respectively, the odds of achieving a PASS. Level IV, retrospective case series.

Relationship of Selected Kinematic Variables to The Technique of Pull Shot in Cricket

The current study aims to analyze the relationship of selected kinematic variables to the technique of pull shot in cricket. For the purpose of the study the researcher purposively selected five male inter-university cricket players from lnipe, gwalior of 18 to 24 years., the technique of pull shot in batting performance of each selected subjects was recorded on the basis of certain criteria (point system). It was divided into 2 components; 1. placement of feet and 2. execution (contact) each consist of maximum 10 points. The angles at selected joints were recorded to the nearest degree. The c.g. was measured nearest to the 1/10th of the centimetre. On the basis of sequence photographs obtained from the videography, the scholar developed stick figures from which selected kinematic variables was calculated. The center of gravity of whole body was determined by kinovea software. To find the the relationship of selected kinematic variables to the technique of pull shot in cricket pearson product moment correlation coefficient was used by means of spss software. It was found that, in case of moment execution angle at left shoulder joint and angle at left elbow joint showed significant relationship with performance.

Associations between radiographic parameters in the reverse shoulder arthroplasty and patient outcomes.

Various radiological parameters have been measured in the Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty (RSA) and correlated to patient outcomes, to determine best baseplate position. Results remain unclear with respect to certain parameters such as inferior baseplate tilt. We have investigated our series of patients to clarify the relationship between radiological parameters and patient outcomes. We conducted a UK based bi-centre retrospective review of 156 prostheses. Critical shoulder angle (CSA), RSA angle (RSAA), Overhang and Deltoid Lever Arm (DLA) were measured on preoperative and postoperative radiographs. Range of motion and Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS) (range 1-8 years) were obtained. We assessed for scapular notching at minimum 1 year follow up (n = 138). Decreased postoperative CSA and increased DLA were associated with higher OSSs (P = 0.001 and 0.019). Increased overhang and DLA were associated with increased flexion (P = 0.033 and 0.024 respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that CSA and DLA affected notching rate (P = 0.002 and 0.007). Baseplate tilt in relation to the acromion (CSA) and DLA are the most predictive parameters for notching and OSS. We recommend considering a maximum CSA of 26 degrees to decrease notching rate and improve OSS. We recommend considering an Overhang of at least 6 mm to improve FF.

A lower critical coracoid process angle is associated with type-B osteoarthritis: a radiological study of normal and diseased shoulders.

BackgroundDegenerative rotator cuff tears and osteoarthritis (OA) are associated with differences in coronal plane scapular morphology, with particular focus on the effect of the critical shoulder angle (CSA) on shoulder biomechanics. The effect, if any, of axial plane scapular morphology is less well established. We have noticed wide disparity of axial coracoid tip position in relation to the face of the glenoid and sought to investigate the significance of this through measurement of the critical coracoid process angle (CCPA), which incorporates coracoid tip position and glenoid version.MethodsCCPA, CSA, and glenoid retroversion were measured by three independent reviewers from the cross-sectional two-dimensional computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging of 160 patients in four equal and matched case-control groups: (1) a control group of patients with a radiologically normal shoulder and no history of shoulder symptoms who had a CT thorax for another reason, (2) patients with primary OA with Walch type-A glenoid wear pattern on CT scan, (3) patients with type-B glenoid primary OA, and (4) patients with magnetic resonance imaging–proven atraumatic tears of the posterosuperior rotator cuff.ResultsInterobserver agreement was excellent for all measured parameters. The median CCPA was significantly lower in the type-B OA group (9.3˚) than that in controls (18.7˚), but not significantly different in the other study groups. There was a trend toward greater glenoid retroversion in the type-B OA group, but receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated the CCPA to be by far the most powerful discriminator for type-B OA. The optimal cutoff value was calculated for the CCPA at 14.3˚ with a sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 90% for type-B OA. Compared with controls, the CSA was significantly higher in the rotator cuff tear group and lower in both OA groups, but did not differentiate between type-A and type-B OA.ConclusionCombined with a lower CSA, a lower CCPA (<14.3˚) is strongly predictive of type-B glenoid OA. The authors propose a simple model of pectoralis major biomechanics to explain the effect of this axial plane anatomical variation, which requires further investigation.

Computed tomography revealed the correlation between radiolucency and alignment of all-polyethylene pegged glenoid component more than 10 years after total shoulder arthroplasty in the Japanese population

BackgroundAnatomical total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) provides successful long-term outcomes but complications can occur after 10 years that require revision. Computed tomography (CT) is a useful tool for assessing radiolucent lines around the glenoid component of TSA; however, the merits of long-term post-TSA follow up with CT are unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcomes after TSA of Japanese population and to identify factors related to radiolucency around the glenoid component using CT. MethodsA retrospective review was conducted of TSA patients who had completed at least 10 years of clinical follow up. Radiographs and CT images of the affected shoulder obtained at the last follow up were evaluated for radiolucent lines around the stem and each peg, superior inclination and retroversion of the glenoid component, subluxation index, and critical shoulder angle (CSA). Shoulder ROM, Constant–Murley score and UCLA score were compared between the preoperative and last follow up period. ResultsEighteen shoulders in 16 patients met the inclusion criteria. Mean patient age was 61 years, mean follow up period was 137 months, and mean Yian CT score was 19%. CT score was significantly highest in pegs located inferiorly (p < 0.05). Mean glenoid superior inclination was 12.6°, retroversion was −0.3°, subluxation index was 46%, and CSA was 33.7°. Glenoid superior inclination was significantly lower (p = 0.007) in shoulders with possible loosening than in cases with no loosening (5.0° vs 15.6°). Mean Constant score and UCLA score improved significantly after TSA, from 25.8 to 10.7 points preoperatively to 70.1 and 28.9 points postoperatively, respectively. Mean shoulder flexion, internal rotation, and external rotation also showed improvement postoperatively. ConclusionTSA provides good long-term outcomes. Radiolucency was present most frequently around the inferior pegs of the glenoid component. Glenoid superior inclination may affect the formation of radiolucent lines around glenoid pegs. Level of evidenceLevel IV; Case Series; Treatment study.

Fabrication of steel-aluminium parts by impact extrusion

The impact extrusion of axially arranged steel-aluminium billets was studied in this research. Two different bi-material billet concepts were considered: discrete and prejoined billets. Discrete billets were formed in order to achieve a joint through plastic deformation. Prejoined billets were created by friction welding beforehand and their behaviour under plastic deformation was investigated. Pressure superposition was utilised to improve the resulting bond strength by changing the stress state in the joining zone during forming. Depending on the magnitude of the applied counter pressure, the resulting bond strength could be influenced positively. It was also shown that the effect of die shoulder angle was not significant for the achieved bond strengths. The findings suggest that elevated billet temperatures can eliminate the need for counter pressure.

The Emergence of Stereotyped Kinematic Synergies when Mice Reach to Grasp Following Stroke

Reaching tasks are commonly used in preclinical and clinical studies to assess the acquisition of fine motor skills and recovery of function following stroke. These tasks are often used to assess functional deficits in the absence of quantifying the quality of movement which requires kinematic analysis. To meet this need, this study uses a kinematic analysis in mice performing the Montoya staircase task at 5 and 14 days following a cortical photothrombosis-induced stroke. Following stroke, the mice had reaching impairments associated with sustained deficits including longer, unsmooth, and less individuated paw trajectories. Two weeks after stroke we also detected the emergence of abnormal elbow and shoulder angles, flexion/extensions, and stereotyped kinematic synergies. These data suggest that proximal and distal segments acting in concert is paramount during post-stroke reaching and encourage further analysis of synergies within the translational pipeline of preclinical to clinical studies.

Risk factors for full-thickness rotator cuff tears: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Rotator cuff tears are a common condition of the shoulder, and 20.7% of people with the condition have a full-thickness rotator cuff tear. The purpose of this study was to explore the risk factors for full-thickness rotator cuff tears and to provide evidence to support the accurate diagnosis of full-thickness rotator cuff tears.Studies from PubMed, Embase and Web of Science published before 30 January 2021 were retrieved. All cohort studies and cross-sectional studies on risk factors for full-thickness rotator cuff tears were included. A meta-analysis was performed in RevMan 5.3 to calculate the relative risks (RRs) or weighted mean differences (WMDs) of related risk factors. Stata 15.1 was used for the quantitative analysis of publication bias.In total, 11 articles from six countries, including 4047 cases, with 1518 cases and 2529 controls, were included. The meta-analysis showed that age (MD = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.24 to 1.28, P = 0.004), hypertension (RR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.17 to 1.81, P = 0.0007) and critical shoulder angle (CSA) (MD = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.55 to 2.48, P < 0.00001) were risk factors for full-thickness rotator cuff tears.Our results also suggested that body mass index, sex, dominant hand, smoking, diabetes mellitus and thyroid disease were not risk factors for full-thickness rotator cuff tears. Early identification of risk factors for full-thickness rotator cuff tears is helpful in identifying high-risk patients and choosing the appropriate treatment. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:1087-1096. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.210027

Is shoulder geometry important for rotator cuff tears?

This study is aiming to evaluate some specific anatomic shoulder parameters such as the lateral acromial angle (LAA), acromial index (AI), coracohumeral distance (CHD) and critical shoulder angle (CSA) in rotator cuff tears. A total of 100 cases consisting of 50 patients with rotator cuff tears and 50 patients without rotator cuff tears, who underwent shoulder MRI (mangnetic resonance imaging) examination in Istanbul Medipol University Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, participated in this study. In this retrospective study, CCA, LAA, AI and CSA were evaluated in MRI in order to shed light on the theories of rotator cuff tears. There was no significant difference (P˃.05) in acromial index and coracohumeral distance in the patient group. Lateral acromial angle and critical shoulder angle were significantly different in the patient group compared to the control group (P<.05). There was a weak negative correlation between CSA and CHD. In our study, we found that patients with smaller LAA and higher CSA values in MRI images are prone to have rotator cuff tears. Further studies are needed in order to evaluate whether this association has predictive value.

The Effect of Eight Weeks of Iyengar Yoga With an Emphasis on Spine and Shoulder Exercises on the Upper Cross Syndrome in Middle-aged Women

Introduction: Upper Crossed Syndrome (UCS) is a combination of forward head, rounded shoulder, and hyperkyphosis deformities. Yoga is a non-competitive physical exercise with the potential to correct postural imbalances in the human body. Iyengar yoga is a form of Hatha yoga. Materials and Methods: The purpose of present study was to evaluate the effect of Iyengar yoga with an emphasis on spine and shoulder exercises on the UCS in middle-aged women. In this quasi-experimental applied research, 15 subjects were purposefully recruited out of middle- aged women affected with UCS. The participants performed Iyengar yoga exercises with an emphasis on the spine and shoulder. The photogrammetry method was used to measure UCS. Results: At the end of 8 weeks exercises, there was a significant increase in the cervical (P&lt;0.001) and shoulder angles (P&lt;0.005), and a significant decrease in thoracic flexion angle (P&lt;0.001). Conclusion: All relevant coaches and therapists are recommended considering Iyengar yoga as an alternative for training programs in middle-aged women affected by UCS.