Shorter Birth Length Research Articles

Multifactorial Determinants of Adolescent Stunting in West Java, Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Analysis Among Students Aged 13–15 Years

Stunting in adolescents remains a significant public health concern, with far-reaching implications for physical and cognitive development that extend into adulthood. This condition, characterized by a height below minus two standard deviations (-2 SD) from the WHO median growth standard, stems from chronic malnutrition and inadequate growth during critical developmental periods. This study aimed to identify factors influencing the incidence of stunting among adolescents aged 13–15 years at SMP Negeri 2 Cikarang Barat in 2022. A descriptive analytical study using a cross-sectional approach was conducted from March to June 2022. This study employed total sampling and recruited 34 adolescents who met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected via validated questionnaires and standardized anthropometric measurements. Statistical analysis included univariate descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis via the chi-square test (α = 0.05). The analysis revealed significant associations between the incidence of stunting and several factors, including nutritional patterns (P = 0.027), birth weight (P = 0.046), birth length (P = 0.048), breastfeeding history (P = 0.048), immunization status (P = 0.050), and family income (P = 0.027). The predominant characteristics of the study population were female sex (67.6%), unfulfilled nutritional patterns (70.6%), low birth weight (64.7%), and short birth length (67.6%). Additionally, 67.6% reported a nonexclusive breastfeeding history, and 70.6% came from low-income families. This study identified multiple significant factors associated with adolescent stunting, emphasizing the complex interplay between early-life factors, nutritional patterns, and socioeconomic conditions. Maternal age at delivery, height, education, and employment status were not significantly associated. These findings suggest a need for comprehensive interventions targeting both nutritional and socioeconomic factors to address adolescent stunting effectively.

Don't wait, vaccinate: evaluation of routine vaccination administration and reactogenicity in preterm infants.

To evaluate the incidence of cardiorespiratory events in preterm infants when administering the 2-month vaccine series all at once compared to spreading vaccines over multiple days. This single-center, retrospective cohort study from 2019-2022 included preterm neonates receiving 2-month vaccinations. The primary outcome was incidence of cardiorespiratory events from time of initial vaccine administration up to 48 h after final administration. Univariate analysis was performed to identify predictors of primary outcome. There were 127 patients (pre-practice change n1 = 52, post-practice change n2 = 75) included with no difference in the number of cardiorespiratory events between groups. Predictors of severe event included younger gestational age, smaller birth weight, shorter birth length, and greater cardiorespiratory events at baseline. Vaccine schedule interruptions occur more often when administration is spread over multiple days. Administration of 2-month vaccinations all at once was not associated with increased cardiorespiratory events and prevents interruptions to vaccine schedule.

Growth Restriction in the Offspring of Mothers With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder, characterized by subfertility, increased risk of metabolic diseases, and pregnancy complications. Previous studies diverge regarding the association between maternal PCOS and newborn anthropometrics. To explore the association between maternal PCOS and newborn anthropometrics and the modifying effects of maternal body mass index, PCOS phenotype, and gestational diabetes. This cohort study followed up women from the first half of pregnancy to birth and combined data from 3 clinical trials of pregnant women with PCOS and a reference population consisting of participants in the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort (MoBa) Study, with data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. The recruitment period for the clinical trials was between October 1, 2000, and August 31, 2017, and for MoBa, between July 1, 1999, and December 31, 2008. Participants included women with singleton pregnancies and live-born children. Data were analyzed from January 1 to June 15, 2023. Maternal PCOS status. Newborn birth weight, birth length, and head circumference as continuous variables and z scores, and ponderal index (calculated as the birth weight in grams × 100 divided by the birth length in centimeters cubed), placenta weight, and ratio of birth weight to placenta weight (BWPW). The cohort included 390 pregnant women with PCOS (mean [SD] age, 29.6 [4.2] years) and 68 708 women in the reference group (mean [SD] age, 30.4 [4.5] years). Offspring in the PCOS group had lower birth weight, birth length, and head circumference than in the reference group offspring. The estimated mean differences in z scores were -0.26 (95% CI, -0.38 to -0.14) for birth weight, -0.19 (95% CI, -0.33 to -0.05) for birth length, and -0.13 (95% CI, -0.26 to -0.01) for head circumference. The PCOS group also had a lower ponderal index (-0.04 [95% CI, -0.07 to -0.004] g × 100/cm3) and placenta weight (-24 [95% CI, -43 to -5)] g), and higher BWPW ratio (0.4 [95% CI, 0.3 to 0.5]). The association between growth restriction and PCOS was more apparent when additionally adjusting for body mass index. Neither PCOS phenotype nor gestational diabetes diagnosis was associated with neonatal anthropometry in women with PCOS. In this cohort of mother-infant pairs, maternal PCOS status was associated with lower birth weight, shorter birth length, and smaller head circumference in the offspring. This growth restriction was more pronounced when adjusting for BMI, providing insight into the association between PCOS and body mass index. The study contributed to the understanding of how PCOS affects the offspring.

Determinants of stunting among children 6–23 months: a population-based study in Indonesia

PurposeStunting is a major multifactorial health problem in Indonesia that negatively impacts children. Among Southeast Asian countries, Indonesia had the highest prevalence of child stunting (0–59 months old). As Indonesia has also the largest population in Southeast Asia, it is crucial to assess measures to decrease the prevalence of stunting in the country. Therefore, this study aims to examine the prevalence and determinants of stunting among children 6–23 under two years old in Indonesia.Design/methodology/approachThe study used a cross-sectional design using the national database. A total of 15,641 children aged 6–23 months were included in the study. A multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify the association between the dependent and independent variables.FindingsThe prevalence of stunting was 18% (95% CI = 17.5%–18.7%). This study found that children aged 12–23 months were the dominant factor in stunting (OR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.92–2.36). Factors associated with stunting include being male (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.26–1.49), low birth weight (LBW) (OR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.68–2.27), short birth length (SBL) (OR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.64–2.01), history of infection (OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.06–1.26) and lack of dietary diversity (OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.04–1.00) consumption of empty calorie drinks (OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.01–1.24), unimproved sanitation (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.04–1.30), middle socioeconomic status (OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.16–1.55), low maternal education (OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.08–2.10) and living in a rural area (OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.06–1.26).Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to analyze the prevalence and determinants of stunting among children under two years old in Indonesia using a national which represented a population of interest.

Birth weight and birth length affect future fracture risk differently in men and women

SummaryWe wanted to determine if there are any associations between birth factors and adult fracture risk. For women only, shorter birth length was associated with lower relative fracture risk. For women and men, individuals who were long at birth as well as tall in adulthood had a substantially higher relative fracture risk.PurposeWe aimed to examine associations between birth anthropometry and adult fracture risk and to investigate if developmental mismatch is associated with fracture risk.MethodsWe included 4635 participants (476 women and 4159 men; born 1921–1950) with hospital and national registry-based data on birth anthropometry and adult fractures (≥ 50 years). We tested associations by Cox proportional hazards regressions and present hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals.ResultsIn total, 1215 (26%) suffered ≥ 1 fracture during a mean observation period of 26 years. In women, unadjusted analyses indicated that both higher birth weight (HR 1.42 per kg (1.10–1.84)) and birth length (1.10 per cm (1.05–1.17)) were associated to higher adult fracture risk. After adjustment (year of birth and gestational age), statistical significance remained only for birth length, HR 1.10 per cm (1.04–1.17). For men, no associations were apparent. We found no associations between developmental mismatch (lower birth weight followed by higher adult weight) and adult fracture risk. However, for both sexes, being born tall and staying tall into adulthood was associated with a markedly higher (55–105%) relative fracture risk (HR women 2.09 (1.18–3.68), men 1.55 (1.19–2.03)) compared to being born short and remaining short in adulthood.ConclusionIn this study, being born shorter and lighter was associated with a lower risk for fractures ≥ 50 years in women. However, analyses indicated that tall adults who were also long at birth may be at markedly higher risk of fractures; this warrants further examinations.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT WITH STUNTING INCIDENTS IN ACEH IN 2022

Background: Stunting is a failure in growth and development experienced by children due to insufficient nutritional intake, infectious diseases over a long period of time which is characterized by length or height that is not appropriate for their age. Stunting is still a major health problem in Aceh Province because its prevalence is still high and is ranked 5th nationally. Objective: to determine the determinants of stunting in toddlers in Aceh Province. Research method: Descriptive quantitative research with a cross sectional design with a sample size of 16865 toddlers obtained from total sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data used is 2022 SSGI data belonging to the Ministry of Health's BKPK. The independent variables in this study include Early Breastfeeding Initiation (IMD), completeness of immunization, ISPA, diarrhea, ownership of health insurance, ownership of KIA books, drinking water facilities, ownership of toilets, mother's education, gender of toddler, birth weight, number of families, and regional classification. Data analysis includes univariate and bivariate using chii square and multivariate using multiple logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of stunting in children aged 0 – 59 months is 31.7% in Aceh Province in 2022. Bivariate results are low birth weight (p=0.033). Conclusion: the high prevalence of stunting in Aceh Province in 2022 is caused by multiple and interrelated factors, both specific and sensitive. To reduce the stunting rate, preventive and promotive measures need to be taken early on.by carrying out routine check-ups during pregnancy and consuming a variety of foods. Short birth length babies need to receive growth and development monitoring, additional food and nutrition and health Information Communication and Education (KIE) interventions for mothers of toddlers.

Maternal thyroid function and offspring birth anthropometrics in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and thyroid disorders have both been linked to adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. Even small variations in thyroid function within the normal range may influence fetal growth. Our aim was to investigate whether maternal thyroid function is associated with newborn anthropometrics in PCOS and explore the potential modifying effect of metformin. Post-hoc analyses of two RCTs in which pregnant women with PCOS were randomized to metformin or placebo, from first trimester to delivery. Maternal serum levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (fT4) were measured at gestational weeks (gw) 5-12, 19, 32 and 36 in 309 singleton pregnancies. The mean z-scores of birthweight, birth length, and head circumference were estimated in the offspring. Associations of maternal thyroid parameters with offspring anthropometrics and the outcomes large for gestational age (LGA) and small for gestational age (SGA) were studied using linear and logistic regression models, with adjustment for body mass index (BMI) when relevant. Maternal fT4 at baseline was negatively associated with birth length (b= -0.09, p=0.048). Furthermore, ΔfT4 during pregnancy correlated positively to z-score of both birth weight and length (b=0.10, p=0.017 and b=0.10, p=0.047 respectively), independently of treatment group. TSH at baseline and gw19 was inversely associated with LGA (OR 0.47, p=0.012 and OR 0.58, p=0.042), while ΔTSH was positively associated with LGA (OR 1.99, p=0.023). There were inverse associations between TSH at baseline and SGA (OR 0.32, p=0.005) and between ΔfT4 and SGA (OR 0.59, p=0.005) in the metformin group only. There were no associations between maternal thyroid function and head circumference of the newborns. In women with PCOS, a higher maternal fT4 in early pregnancy and a greater decrease in fT4 during pregnancy was associated with a lower offspring birthweight and shorter birth length. Higher TSH by mid-gestation and smaller increase in TSH during pregnancy was associated with less risk of LGA. Subclinical variations in maternal thyroid function might play a role for birth anthropometrics of PCOS offspring.

Association between maternal mental health-related hospitalisation in the 5 years prior to or during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes: a population-based retrospective cohort data linkage study in the Northern Territory of Australia

Mental health conditions prior to or during pregnancy that are not addressed can have adverse consequences for pregnancy and birth outcomes. This study aimed to determine the extent to which women's mental health-related hospitalisation (MHrH) prior to or during pregnancy was associated with a risk of adverse birth outcomes. We linked the perinatal data register for all births in the Northern Territory, Australia, from the year 1999 to 2017, to hospital admissions records to create a cohort of births to women aged 15-44 years with and without MHrH prior to or during pregnancy. We used Modified Poisson Regression and Latent Class Analysis to assess the association between maternal MHrH and adverse birth outcomes (i.e., stillbirth, preterm birth, low birth weight, and short birth length). We explored a mediation effect of covariates on theoretical causal paths. We calculated the adjusted Population Attributable Fraction (PAF) and Preventive Fractions for the Population (PFP) for valid associations. From 72,518 births, 70,425 births (36.4% for Aboriginal women) were included in the analysis. The Latent Class Analys identified two classes: high (membership probability of 10.5%) and low adverse birth outcomes. Births to Aboriginal women with MHrH were around two times more likely to be in the class of high adverse birth outcomes. MHrH prior to or during pregnancy increased the risk of all adverse birth outcomes in both populations with risk ranging from 1.19 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.35) to 7.89 (1.17, 53.37). Eight or more antenatal care visits and intrauterine growth restriction mostly played a significant mediation role between maternal MHrH and adverse birth outcomes with mediation effects ranging from 1.04 (1.01, 1.08) to 1.39 (1.14, 1.69). MHrH had a low to high population impact with a PAF ranging from 16.1% (5.1%, 25.7%) to 87.3% (14.3%, 98.1%). Eight or above antenatal care visits avert extra adverse birth outcomes that range from 723 (332-765) stillbirths to 3003 (1972-4434) preterm births. Maternal MHrH is a modifiable risk factor that explained a low to moderate risk of adverse birth outcomes in the Northern Territory. The knowledge highlights the need for the development and implementation of preconception mental health care into routine health services. The Child and Youth Development Research Partnership (CYDRP) data repository is supported by a grant from the Northern Territory Government.

Sociodemographic factor associations with maternal and placental outcomes: A cluster and partial least squares regression analysis

IntroductionMaternal social disadvantage adversely affects maternal and offspring health, with limited research on placental outcomes. Therefore, we examined maternal sociodemographic factor associations with placental and birth outcomes in general (Lifeways Cross-Generation Cohort) and at-risk (PEARS Study of mothers with overweight or obesity) populations of pregnant women. MethodsTwoStep cluster analysis profiled Lifeways mothers (n = 250) based on their age, parity, marital status, household income, private healthcare insurance, homeowner status, and education. Differences in placental and birth outcomes (untrimmed placental weight (PW), birthweight (BW) and BW:PW ratio) between clusters were assessed using one-way ANOVA and chi-square tests. Partial least squares regression analysed individual effects of sociodemographic factors on placental and birth outcomes in Lifeways and PEARS mothers (n = 461). ResultsClusters were classified as “Married Homeowners” (n = 140, 56 %), “Highest Income” (n = 58, 23.2 %) and “Renters” (n = 52, 20.8 %) in the Lifeways Cohort. Renters were younger, more likely to smoke, have a means-tested medical card and more pro-inflammatory diets compared to other clusters (p < 0.01). Compared to Married Homeowners, renters’ offspring had lower BW (−259.26 g, p < 0.01), shorter birth length (−1.31 cm, p < 0.01) and smaller head circumference (−0.59 cm, p = 0.02). PLS regression analyses identified nulliparity as having the greatest negative effect on PW (Lifeways and PEARS) while being a homeowner had the greatest positive effect on PW (Lifeways). ConclusionCertain combinations of sociodemographic factors (particularly homeownership) were associated with less favourable lifestyle factors, and with birth, but not placental outcomes. When explored individually, parity contributed to the prediction of placental and birth outcomes in both cohorts of pregnant women.

Distribution of Stunting and Determinants of Stunting in the Province of East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia in 2021:A Spatial Analysis

The problem of stunting is still fundamental in Indonesia's human development. East Nusa Tenggara Province is an archipelago dryland area with the highest prevalence of stunted children under five in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the relationship of child characteristics with the prevalence of stunting. This type of research is an observational study with a cross-sectional design. This study used individual secondary data from the Indonesian Nutritional Status Survey in 2021 consisting of 7,835 children under five. The results of the spatial analysis showed that in the child's characteristic factor, there was a relationship between short birth length and low birth weight with stunting prevalence. It is hoped that there will be a special model of stunting control interventions that are integrated and of high quality through multisectoral cooperation in the dryland areas of the islands of East Nusa Tenggara Province.

Birth Length, Diarrheal and Acute Respiratory Infection Risk of Stunting in Toddlers

Stunting is a linear growth disorder that is indicated by length / age Z score less than minus 2 SD, and categorized as low nutritional status. Short birth length, Infectious diseases such as diarrhea, and Acute Respiratory Infection are indicated to be factors that cause stunting. Objectives The study aimed to analyze the risk factors of short birth length, diarrheal disease, and acute respiratory infection of stunting among children 12-59 months. Methods The study used is quantitative witch a designed case-control study. The subjects were children between 12-59 months. The sample in this study was 120 consisting of 40 stunted and 80 normal. Subjects were chosen by purposive sampling methods. instrument of this research is microtonal, weight scale, and questionnaire. The results of the study were analyzed by chi-square statistics, odds ratio, and logistic regression. The results showed that birth length (PBL) (P = 0.001), diarrhea (P = 0.000), and ARI (P = 0.030) were associated with stunting in children under five. However, after multiple logistic regression analyses, ARI was not significantly associated (P = 0.126). The risk factors for stunting in children under five are diarrhea (OR = 58.134) and short birth length (OR = 9.625).Conclusion: The risk factors for stunting were short birth length and diarrheal disease.

Shorter birth length and decreased T-cell production and function predict severe infections in children with non–severe combined immunodeficiency cartilage–hair hypoplasia

Cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH) is a syndromic inborn error of immunity caused by variants in the RMRP gene. Disease manifestations vary, and their ability to predict outcome is uncertain. The optimal management of infants with CHH who do not fulfill classical severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) criteria is unknown. We described longitudinal changes in lymphocyte counts during childhood and explored correlations of early childhood clinical and laboratory features with clinical outcomes on long-term follow-up of CHH patients. Immunologic laboratory parameters, birth length, the presence of Hirschsprung disease, and severe anemia correlated to the primary end points of respiratory and severe infections. We implemented traditional statistical methods and machine learning techniques. Thirty-two children with CHH were followed up for 2.7 to 22.1 years (median, 8.2 years, in total 331.3 patient-years). None of the patients had classical SCID. Median lymphocyte subclass counts, apart from CD16+/56+ cells, were subnormal throughout childhood, but did not show age-related decline seen in healthy children. Low immunoglobulin levels were uncommon and often transient. Respiratory and/or severe infections developed in 14 children, 8 of whom had low naive T-cell counts, absent T-cell receptor excision circles, and/or partial "leaky" SCID-level lymphopenia. Shorter birth length correlated with lower lymphocyte counts and the occurrence of infections. Of the laboratory parameters, decreased naive T-cell counts and abnormal lymphocyte proliferation responses contributed most to the development of severe infections. In addition, all participants with absent T-cell receptor excision circles developed severe infections. Opportunistic infections occurred only in children with leaky SCID-level lymphopenia. Shorter birth length and a combination of laboratory abnormalities can predict the development of severe infections in children with CHH.

Cluster analysis of maternal socioeconomic and non-modifiable factors with birth &amp; placental outcomes

Abstract Background Maternal social disadvantage adversely affects both maternal and offspring health outcomes. This study aimed to explore clustering of socioeconomic and non-modifiable factors in mothers and their association with birth and placental outcomes, which are under-researched in this context. Methods This analysis of the Lifeways Cross-Generational Cohort includes 250 mother-child pairs. Self-completed general health and food frequency questionnaires in early pregnancy provided information on diet, lifestyle, socioeconomic status (SES) and non-modifiable factors. Parity, untrimmed placental weight (PW) and birthweight (BW) were abstracted from hospital records, and the BW:PW ratio was generated. TwoStep cluster analysis clustered mothers based on age, parity, marital status, net household income, private healthcare insurance, homeowner status, and tertiary education. Differences between clusters were assessed using one-way ANOVA and chi-square tests. Results A three-cluster solution was found to be optimal with a modest average silhouette coefficient of 0.3. Clusters were classified as “Married Homeowners” (n = 140, 37.1%), “Highest Income” (n = 58, 23.2%) and “Renters” (n = 52, 20.8%) based on predictor importance. Renters were younger, more likely to smoke, have a medical card (an indicator of social disadvantage) and have poorer dietary quality and dietary inflammatory status (as indicated by lower Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015) and higher energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII) scores) compared to other clusters (all p &amp;lt; 0.01). Offspring of Renters were more likely to have lower BW (-259.26g, p &amp;lt; 0.01) and shorter birth length (-1.31cm, p &amp;lt; 0.01) and head circumference (-0.59cm, p = 0.02) compared to offspring of Married Homeowners. Conclusions Results suggest associations of SES (particularly housing status) with birth, but not placental, outcomes and less favourable lifestyle factors, which may have multi-behavioural and multi-sectoral policy implications. Key messages • Associations between low SES, adverse lifestyle behaviours and birth outcomes highlight the importance of a multi-sectoral public health strategy. • Placental outcomes should be examined in further studies.

Risk Factors for Stunting in Toddlers in the Public Health Center Working Area Embo Jeneponto, South Sulawesi

Stunting is still a nutritional problem in Indonesia, including in South Sulawesi. The impact of stunting is very broad, starting from the individual, family, community, and country levels. This study aims to analyze the risk factors for stunting incidents in the Embo District Health Center Work Area, Jeneponto. The type of research used in this research is observational with a "Case-Control Study" (case-control) approach, namely the status of the research design carried out by identifying subjects in the form of cases, using primary data through interviews with questionnaires. The variables studied included maternal education, birth weight, birth length, and exclusive breastfeeding. The sampling technique uses simple random sampling. The number of samples in this study was 136 samples which included 68 case groups and 68 control groups. The results of the study showed that the variables that were risk factors for stunting were maternal education (OR= 9.758), birth weight (OR= 5.590), body length (OR= 8.065), and exclusive breastfeeding (OR= 4.286). Therefore, efforts are needed to increase the knowledge of every prospective mother by providing education on nutritional requirements for pregnant women so that they can prevent low birth weight and short birth length as well as postpartum education for exclusive breastfeeding.

Hubungan Status Gizi, Panjang Badan Lahir Dan Pemberian Asi Eksklusif Dengan Kejadian Stunting Pada Anak Usia 24-59 Bulan Di Kecamatan Medan Belawan

Introduction: The incidence of stunting in North Sumatra Province reached 25.8% and is the 17th province with the incidence of stunting in Indonesia. Stunting in Medan City is spread across 63 urban villages and 20 sub-districts with the area that has the highest stunting rate is Medan Belawan Sub-district. Purpose: This research was conducted to assess the relationship between nutritional status, birth length and exclusive breastfeeding with the incidence of stunting in children aged 24-59 months in Medan Belawan District in 2023. Method: This research uses an observational study research design with a cross sectional design approach. carried out in the work area of ​​the Medan Belawan District Health Center. The sample was children aged 24-59 months who were recorded at the Medan Belawan District Health Center in 2023 who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria during the research period with a total sample of 44 people. Results: A total of 5 children (29.4%) with good nutrition experienced stunting, 11 children (68.8%) with poor nutrition experienced stunting and 11 children (100.0%) with poor nutrition experienced stunting with a p-value of 0.001. A total of 4 children (33.3%) with normal birth length experienced stunting and 22 children (59.4%) with short birth length experienced stunting with a p-value of 0.002. As many as 10 children (45.5%) who received exclusive breast milk experienced stunting and as many as 17 children (77.3%) who did not receive exclusive breast milk experienced stunting with a p-value of 0.030, which means p-value &lt; 0.005. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between nutritional status, birth length and exclusive breastfeeding with the incidence of stunting in children aged 24-59 months in Medan Belawan District in 2023.

HUBUNGAN KEKURANGAN ENERGI KRONIS PADA IBU HAMIL DENGAN KEJADIAN STUNTING PADA BAYI BARU LAHIR DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS RAMBIPUJI KABUPATEN JEMBER

Maternal health and nutritional conditions before and during pregnancy and after delivery such as anemia and chronic energy deficiency (KEK) affect fetal growth and the risk of short birth length. Chronic Energy Deficiency (KEK) is a nutritional problem that often occurs in pregnant women. This study aims to determine the relationship between chronic energy deficiency in pregnancy and the incidence of stunting in newborns This study was a correlation design with a cross sectional approach. The population in this study were all pregnant women with SEZ in the working area of ​​the Rambi Puji Health Center, Jember Regency, involving as many as 84 participants. The sampling technique used is accidental sampling. Data were collected using a data collection sheet. Data were analyzed using Predictive Analytics SoftWare Version 18 with a chi square test at a significance level of &lt;0.05.The results showed that most of the pregnant women did not experience chronic energy deficiency (84.5%) and most of the newborns did not experience stunting or had normal body length (84.5%). Based on the results of the analysis, it is known that there is a relationship between chronic energy deficiency in pregnant women and the incidence of stunting in newborns (p-value = 0.001 (α&lt;0.05) and X2 = 0.403). Pregnant women with chronic energy deficiency are at risk of giving birth to stunting babies 14 times (OR=14,167).

Growth hormone treatment in small for gestational age children. Experience in one center.

Introduction. Small for gestational age (SGA) children usually have a final height of 1 SD below the mean. Three groups are established based on anthropometric characteristics at birth: low birth weight (LBW), short birth length (SBL), or both. Objectives. To describe the characteristics of SGA patients seen at the Department of Pediatric Endocrinology of a tertiary care hospital and to analyze the course of SGA children without catch-up growth at 4 years of age who were receiving treatment with growth hormone (GH), according to their diagnosis. Methods. Retrospective study of SGA patients seen between 2004 and 2021. Results. A total of 89 SGA children were studied; 44/89 started treatment with GH (11/44 LBW, 8/44 SBL, and 25/44 both). Their mean age at diagnosis was 3.87 years; their mean height at treatment initiation was -2.99 SD in SGA children diagnosed by LBW, -2.85 SD in those with SBL, and -3.17 SD in those with both LBW and SBL. Their final height was -1.77, -1.52, and -1.23 SD, respectively, with a total gain of 1.22, 1.33, and 1.93 SD, respectively, thus reaching their target height with a difference of 0.36 ± 0.08 SD. Conclusion. Less than half of SGA children referred to the clinic required treatment with GH because they were not yet 4 years old or had not completed their catch-up growth. SGA patients according to birth weight and length had worse percentiles at diagnosis and a greater response to GH.

Exploring Factors Associated with Stunting in 6-Month-Old Children: A Population-Based Cohort Study in Sulawesi, Indonesia.

Stunting in children under the age of two is a significant global concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like Indonesia. Intervention efforts often come too late as many of the underlying causal factors have already occurred earlier. While antenatal multiple micronutrient supplements (MMS) have demonstrated positive effects on pregnancy outcomes, their impact on infant growth in the first six months remains inadequately explored in epidemiological studies. This study aims to identify factors associated with stunting at six months in infants whose mothers received MMS. A population-based cohort study was conducted in four subdistricts of Banggai, Indonesia. Pregnant women were recruited in their third trimester and followed up until their children were six months of age. Validated questionnaires were employed to gather data on social determinants of health and diet, and standardised methods were utilised for anthropometric measurements. Stunting was determined based on the WHO child growth standards. The analysis comprised data from 152 mother-child pairs. The prevalence of stunting during early infancy (first two months) was 18.4%, which decreased to 15.8% in later infancy (at six months). Factors such as small-for-gestational-age (AOR = 11.29; 2.73-46.66), preterm birth (AOR = 6.33; 1.25-31.97), short birth length (AOR = 4.31; 1.11-16.78), maternal mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) below 23.5 cm, and female infants (AOR = 3.27; 95%CI: 1.04-10.27) were associated with stunting at six months. This study highlights that stunting in the first six months is present at birth, with small-for-gestational-age (SGA) as a strong predictor. In addition, there was a trend to improved growth (-0.30 [-0.79 to 0.18]) in infants born to mothers who received MMS supplementation pre-pregnancy rather than during pregnancy, although it was not statistically significant.

Higher free testosterone in the third trimester was associated withlower abdominal circumference at birth in boys: Odense childcohort.

To investigate associations between maternal testosterone status and offspring birth anthropometrics. Population-based prospective cohort study. University Hospital. 1486 mother-child dyads from Odense Child Cohort. Maternal blood samples were collected at gestational weeks 27-30 and free testosterone (FT) levels were calculated using the Vermeulen equation from total testosterone (TT) analysed by mass spectrometry and sex hormone binding globulin. Associations between FT or TT levels and birth anthropometrics were analysed with multiple linear regression models according to offspring sex with adjustment for maternal age, parity, smoking and educational level. Analyses were repeated with polycystic ovary syndrome as exposure for offspring birth anthropometrics. Offspring birth weight (BW), birth length, abdominal and head circumferences. Maternal mean (SD) age was 30.2 (4.5) years and pre-pregnancy body mass index was 23.5 (5.3) kg/m2 . In boys (n = 787), higher FT was associated with lower birth weight (adjusted doubling constant = -65.53, P = 0.010), shorter birth length (adjusted doubling constant = -0.43, P < 0.001), and lower abdominal circumference (adjusted doubling constant = -0.39, P < 0.001); Higher TT was associated with lower abdominal circumference (adjusted doubling constant = -0.25, P = 0.028). In girls, no associations were found between maternal FT or TT and offspring anthropometrics. Higher maternal free testosterone exposure was linked to reduced birth weight, length and abdominal circumference in boys, whereas girls were not susceptible to maternal testosterone exposure.

OR19-02-23 Higher Dietary Inflammatory Index Scores During Pregnancy Are Associated With Shorter Birth Length

OR19-02-23 Higher Dietary Inflammatory Index Scores During Pregnancy Are Associated With Shorter Birth Length