Short Cycle Time Research Articles

Bioinformatics-based drug repositioning and prediction of the main active ingredients and potential mechanisms of action for the efficacy of Dan-Lou tablet

Drug repositioning is gaining attention as a method for developing new drugs due to its low cost, short cycle time, and high success rate. One important approach is to explore new uses for already marketed drugs. In this study, we utilized the strategy of drug repositioning, focusing on the Dan-Lou tablet. We predicted the efficacy of Dan-Lou tablet against non-small cell lung cancer based on gene expression similarity and verified it by in vitro experiments. Next, we performed further analysis and validation using network pharmacology, molecular docking and molecular dynamics. Based on the results, it was concluded that Dan-Lou tablet mainly acted through nine compounds, Quercetin, Luteolin, Scoparone, Isorhamnetin, Eugenol, Genistein, Coumestrol, Hederagenin, Succinic Acid, and mainly targeted CCL2, FEN1, TPI1, RMI2 by six pathways. This discovery not only provides a new idea for the development of Dan-Lou tablet but also provides useful predictive information for clinical treatment. The method we adopted has great development prospects as a way to predict the efficacy of new drugs and their main mechanisms of action, and it has a positive impact on the research and development of new drugs using drug repositioning and the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine.

Progress in the Study of Quality and Mechanical Properties of Selective Laser Melting Molded Parts

Abstract: Selective laser melting (SLM) is considered to be a widely promising additive manufacturing technology with the advantages of high machining precision, high manufacturing freedom, and short cycle time, which is widely used in aerospace, the integration of medicine, and industry, chemical, and other fields. The research progress on the temperature field, stress field, forming quality, and mechanical properties during the SLM manufacturing process is reviewed. The study aims to systematically analyze how SLM process parameters affect the temperature field, stress field, forming quality, and mechanical properties, and to discuss the importance of the selection of process parameters and performance regulation to achieve high-quality, highperformance metal parts. The effects of SLM process parameters on temperature field, stress field, surface roughness, densification, hardness, strength, and fatigue properties are analyzed and summarized. The importance of process parameters in the SLM forming procedure in the quality of formed components is emphasized, and conducting an in-depth study on the optimization and performance regulation of the process parameters is of great significance in achieving the high quality and performance of metal parts. With the rapid advancement of technology, the potential of SLM technology in terms of molding quality and mechanical performance has become increasingly significant, heralding significant breakthroughs. These potential breakthroughs will greatly promote the widespread application of SLM technology in various industries, thus more efficiently meeting the growing needs and expectations of industries such as petrochemicals, transportation, aerospace, nuclear energy, as well as food and medical sectors.

Cumulative creep response of viscoelastic lumbar tissue as a function of work-rest schedule

We explore the effect of stress-recovery schedule on the cumulative creep response of lumbar tissues. Twelve participants performed a 48-minute protocol that consisted of 12 min of full trunk flexion and 36 min of upright standing. Two stress-recovery (work-rest) schedules were considered: a) three minutes of full trunk flexion followed by twelve minutes of upright standing (3:12), and b) one minute of full trunk flexion followed by four minutes of upright standing (1:4). Lumbar kinematics and EMG activity of erector spinae muscles were collected. Cumulative creep deformation was explored by considering the changes in peak lumbar flexion angles during full flexion and changes in the angles of flexion-relaxation (EMG-off) of the lumbar extensor musculature after the 48-minute protocol. The results of time-dependent lumbar flexion angle during full flexion revealed a noticeable creep response in both work-rest schedules, but the cumulative creep response was significantly greater in the 3:12 schedule (Δ3.5°) than in the 1:4 schedule (Δ1.6°). Similarly, the change in the EMG-off lumbar flexion angle in the 3:12 schedule was significantly greater than in the 1:4 schedule (Δ2.5° vs −Δ0.2°, respectively). These results indicate that the passive lumbar tissues recover their force producing capability more rapidly with shorter cycle times.

조선후기 한성부의 가옥 및 空垈 매매와 그 특징

This study aims to analyze the patterns and characteristics of house transactions in the Hanseong-bu area during the late Joseon. The main data that the investigator consulted came from the documents related to house transactions housed at Kyoto University of Japan. They are part of Korea's old documents taken out of the country to Japan during the colonial years. The focus was on the transaction records for houses and vacant lots within the five sections of Hanseong-bu between the middle 17th century and the middle 19th century. As for transaction methods, they showed a tendency of Gyeonggwan transactions(經官賣買) to have them notarized by the Hanseong-bu office until the middle 18th century. This characteristic was different from other areas where Baekmun transactions(白文賣買) completed only with a contract between the parties were common for land and houses with Gyeonggwan transactions generally implemented for servant transactions. As for the content of transactions, transaction sizes were about 50~60 rooms(間) in general. It was the most prominent that the same transaction items were traded consecutively at a short time cycle. Transactions were frequent. There were three cases in which it took less than a year to resell a house after its purchase. It took less than three years to resell in 50% of the cases. Gyeonggwan transactions and short transaction cycles were attributed to various causes including the shortage of hoses and lots and diverse ways of dwelling due to frequent population movement. Considering that the same phenomenon was found in land transactions in Hanseong-bu, there is a need to broaden the scope of finding the causes to the degree of urbanization or commercialization and differences in the perceptions of houses and land as one's property.

High‐Throughput Indirect Gravure Printing Applied to Low‐Temperature Metallization of Silicon‐Based High‐Efficiency Solar Cells

Herein, this work is dedicated to a both exotic and promising printing technique in silicon (Si) photovoltaics (PV). Indirect gravure printing is investigated as a metallization technique focusing on low‐temperature applications, such as Si heterojunction (SHJ) and perovskite Si tandem solar cells. One advantage of this rotary printing technique is that its components are very durable. From graphical industry, it is known that gravure cylinders show almost no wearing during multiple printing. Additionally, rotary printing techniques offer great throughput. Therefore, indirect gravure printing can reduce costs significantly in PV production. In this work, short process cycle times of 0.9 s cell−1 for industrial wafers (edge length of 156.75 mm) are demonstrated. Using an appropriate production platform even enables cycle times of down to 0.5 s cell−1. Busbarless SHJ half cells with non‐optimized gravure‐printed front grids reach a mean photoconversion efficiency that is (1.7 ± 0.5) %abs lower compared to screen‐printed reference samples, however, cycle time is reduced. The metal contacts exhibit a mean shading width of (65 ± 16) μm and an average height of (5 ± 1) μm. Applied to SHJ solar cells’ rear, such metallization can replace screen‐printed contacts with 0.1%abs efficiency loss only, as device simulations reveal.

Advancements in Data Analysis for the Work-Sampling Method

The work-sampling method makes it possible to gain valuable insights into what is happening in production systems. Work sampling is a process used to estimate the proportion of shift time that workers (or machines) spend on different activities (within productive work or losses). It is estimated based on enough random observations of activities over a selected period. When workplace operations do not have short cycle times or high repetition rates, the use of such a statistical technique is necessary because the labor sampling data can provide information that can be used to set standards. The work-sampling procedure is well standardized, but additional contributions are possible when evaluating the observations. In this paper, we present our contribution to improving the decision-making process based on work-sampling data. We introduce a correlation comparison of the measured hourly shares of all activities in pairs to check whether there are mutual connections or to uncover hidden connections between activities. The results allow for easier decision-making (conclusions) regarding the influence of the selected activities on the triggering of the others. With the additional calculation method, we can uncover behavioral patterns that would have been overlooked with the basic method. This leads to improved efficiency and productivity of the production system.

Very high cycle fatigue assessment of thermoplastic-based hybrid fiber metal laminate by using a high-frequency resonant testing system

The prolonged fatigue lifetime of fiber metal laminates (FML) compared to monolithic metals is a key aspect for safety-relevant components, where detailed knowledge about the fatigue properties up to the very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) regime is necessary. For thermoplastic-based FMLs, offering formability, recyclability, and mass production due to short consolidation cycle times, this knowledge needs to be established.In this study, FML containing AA6082 sheets and unidirectional glass and carbon fiber-reinforced polyamide 6 was investigated. Fatigue tests up to max. 109 cycles were conducted on a servo-hydraulic and a high-frequency resonant fatigue testing system with frequencies of 10 Hz and 1,000 Hz. Frequency-induced self-heating was evaluated and limited using air-cooling to maintain the matrix properties. Fatigue progress was monitored through high-speed optical deformation analysis.Compared to HCF loads, VHCF loads lead to reduced crack and delamination occurrence. Changes in microstructure are dominated by singular crack initiation and propagation within the aluminum. The FML’s S-N curve shows a significant flattening from the HCF to the VHCF regime, simplifying the predictability of the fatigue life. By using post-stretching, the VHCF strength can be increased by over 60 %, making this thermoplastic-based FML a considerable competitor in the field of FML.

Toward Cleaner Production by Evaluating Opportunities of Saving Energy in a Short-Cycle Time Flowshop

Energy efficiency is a critical component in cleaner production, and evaluating the opportunities for saving energy could improve energy efficiency by reducing electricity consumption and increasing competitiveness. In this context, the aim of this study is to examine different scenarios that can lead to better energy efficiency in a short-cycle time flowshop, which is performed with the aid of digital manufacturing software. It has been widely acknowledged in the literature that changing the energy state of machines in short-cycle time flowshop manufacturing is impossible due to the high production volume, which requires the machines to operate full time. We used computational simulation, via digital manufacturing software, to examine the potential for improvements in energy indicators through various scenarios. The scenarios were built using energy and manufacturing data from a real system. The main contribution is in showing that, by controlling the buffers’ occupation, the feeding systems of the machines and planned introduction stop. In addition, it is possible to consider new energy states for the machines and, consequently, enhance the energy, as well as the sustainability, indicators in this type of manufacturing process.

Polyphenolic Platform Ameliorated Sanshool for Skin Photoprotection.

Natural evolution has nurtured a series of active molecules that play vital roles in physiological systems, but their further applications have been severely limited by rapid deactivation, short cycle time, and potential toxicity after isolation. For instance, the instability of structures and properties has greatly descended when sanshool is derived from Zanthoxylum xanthoxylum. Herein, natural polyphenols are employed to boost the key properties of sanshool by fabricating a series of nanoparticles (NPs). The intracellular evaluation and in vivo animal model are conducted to demonstrate the decreased photodamage score and skin-fold thickness of prepared NPs, which can be attributed to the better biocompatibility, improved free radical scavenging, down-regulated apoptosis ratios, and reduced DNA double-strand breaks compared to naked sanshool. This work proposes a novel strategy to boost the key properties of naturally occurring active molecules with the assistance of natural polyphenol-based platforms.

Mental healthcare systems research during COVID-19: Lessons for shifting the paradigm post COVID-19

The mental health effects of the Covid-19 pandemic across the globe have been significant, are ongoing, and will persist for a long time. Mental healthcare systems (MHS) to address these effects have been stressed beyond their limit. They have had to: (a) sense the developments and respond to the changing needs quickly, (b) be agile in obtaining feedback and learning from it in very short cycle times, and (c) immediately integrate their personal local experience, the reported global experience and translate the learning to practice. This intense learning cycle has spawned an enormous corpus of research on MHS during COVID-19 and shifted the paradigm of research. Lessons from the paradigm shift should be embraced and normalized in the roadmap for MHS research post COVID-19. This paper presents an ontology of MHS as a framework to systematically: (a) visualize in structured natural-English the dimensions, elements, and narratives of MHS research, (b) map the emphases and gaps in the research during COVID-19, and (c) develop a roadmap to shift the future research paradigm.

Force and Pressure Dependent Asymmetric Workspace Research of a Collaborative Robot and Human

This article discusses creating a methodology for the asymmetric measuring of values and processes of collision forces and pressures of the collaborative robot dependent on time. Furthermore, it verifies the usefulness of this methodology in practice by successfully performing the experimental measurement and verifying the possibility of using these results by analysing and stating the collaboration level for a robot of the given type. According to the suggested methodology, the measurement results are a specific output based on real measured data, which can be easily rated and can quickly determine the collaborative level of any robot. Measurements were aimed at determining the values of pressure and force with which the robot acts at certain speeds related to distance from the base. Due to the controlled symmetrical impact of the robot on the measuring device, the transfer of energy from the robot to the human body was guaranteed. In theoretical terms, this article primarily provides the assembly of the theoretical foundation of the collaborative environment between humans and robots, and a comprehensive overview of the possibilities of using the technical specification ISO/TS 15066:2016 when deploying a robot in collaboration with humans in a collaborative environment. This new information is highly valuable for both manufacturers and users of collaborative robots. The presented article analyses the possibilities of measuring collaboration and safety elements in cooperation with a robot. The most significant practical benefit is the presentation of a methodology for measuring robot collaboration and verifying its functionality by conducting experimental measurements of robot collaboration according to this methodology. The measurement was performed on a robot made by Universal Robots, model UR10. The measurement coordinates were stationed in a way to create a spatial measurement model. Boundary coordinates of the spatial model were as follows: [450; 200], [450; 500], [850; 200], and [850; 500]. Collisions were measured at 8 different speeds for each coordinate (20 mms−1, 50 mms−1, 100 mms−1, 200 mms−1, 250 mms−1, 300 mms−1, 350 mms−1, and 400 mms−1) to enable the observation of changes in accordance with speed. The measured values indicate a significant fact: the closer the collision is to the robot’s base, the higher the collision forces. An important aspect is that the measured values were only for speeds up to 400 mms−1, which is a very low value for industrial use to meet the desired cycle time. It can be stated with absolute certainty that speed has the greatest impact on collision force values. The speed of the collaborative robot arm can therefore be considered a limiting factor for use in industrial applications with a requirement of a short cycle time. Focusing on the results of the measured values, it can be stated that a new finding is the correct design of robotic movements in relation to possible contact with humans is crucial. The result of the measurement according to the proposed methodology is a specific output of realistically measured data, which can be easily evaluated and the level of collaboration of any robot can be quickly determined. The measured data will also serve as a basis for further processing and preparation of new simulation software. It will be possible to use the intended software for detecting and predetermining the safe asymmetric movements of the collaborative robot already at the stage of production preparations, unlike the method of measuring force and pressure on robots which can be used until the time of implementation into production. In the future, this software may also allow users of collaborative robots to easily and quickly evaluate the robots specified.

A rapid and accurate method for evaluating the degradation of pan-Akt in cells by PROTACs using NanoLuc luciferase.

Proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) is a protein degradation technique that has been increasingly used in the development of new drugs in recent years. Akt is a classical serine/threonine kinase, and its role outside of the kinase has gradually gained attention in recent years, making it one of the proteins targeted by PROTACs. Currently, there are many methods used for the evaluation of intracellular protein degradation, but each has its own advantages or disadvantages. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of evaluating the degradation of pan-Akt proteins in cells by PROTACs (MS21 and MS170) using the NanoLuc luciferase method. After conducting a thorough comparison between this method and the classical western blot assay in various cells, as well as testing the stability of the experiments between multiple batches, we found that NanoLuc luciferase is a highly accurate, stable, low-cost and easy-to-operate method for the evaluation of intracellular pan-Akt degradation by PROTACs with a short cycle time and high cellular expandability. Given the numerous advantages of this method, it is hypothesized that it could be extended to evaluate the degradation of more target proteins of PROTACs. In summary, the NanoLuc luciferase is a suitable method for early protein degradation screening of PROTAC compounds.

A design framework for shuttle-based automated storage systems

Shuttle-based automated storage systems are blooming in modern companies as well as research interest in these systems due to their high storage density, flexibility, and short cycle time. This study aims to introduce a novel design framework exploring different layout configurations affecting system performance under three main dimensions: racks, material handling vehicles, and buffer areas. This taxonomy supports the definition of a standard notation and increases the awareness of future industrial and academic research regarding variant design configurations. A review of the literature reveals the state-of-art and existing gaps.

AI-driven pharmaceutical manufacturing : Revolutionizing quality control and process optimization

The Integrating AI into pharmaceutical production processes represents a paradigm change for the pharmaceutical sector. This article examines the role of AI in pharmaceutical production, focusing on its potential to improve productivity, cut costs, and guarantee the highest standards of product quality and safety in quality control and process optimization. AI technologies, including machine learning, computer vision, and natural language processing, are increasingly being employed to analyze large volumes of data generated throughout the pharmaceutical manufacturing lifecycle. Risks related to production anomalies can be reduced and regulatory compliance can be ensured with the help of these smart systems’ real-time monitoring, early identification of deviations, and predictive maintenance. AI-driven technologies are revolutionizing quality control processes by allowing for the automated screening of pharmaceutical items at lightning speeds and with pinpoint accuracy. Better product quality and fewer cases of batch rejection are the results of AI systems’ superiority over conventional approaches for detecting tiny faults, ensuring uniformity, and identifying potential contamination. In addition, AI is improving manufacturing processes by analyzing large data sets for trends, tweaking settings, and maximizing output. Pharmaceutical companies save money as a result of streamlined production processes, shorter cycle times, and better resource utilization.

Enhanced dropwise condensation on downward-facing cross-shaped pillar-structured surfaces with mixed wettability

In this paper, a novel downward-facing cross-shaped pillar-structured surface with mixed wettability is conceived for enhancing dropwise condensation. A three-dimensional thermal lattice Boltzmann model is employed to investigate the condensation performance on the downward-facing cross-shaped pillar-structured surface with mixed wettability and the associated enhancement mechanism of dropwise condensation. The numerical investigation shows that the cross-shaped pillar-structured surface with mixed wettability exhibits much better condensation performance than the square pillar-structured surface with mixed wettability and the flat surface with mixed wettability due to the synergistic effects of structural effects and mixed wettability, which can promote the droplet nucleation and accelerate the condensate removal. Moreover, for different contact angles of the pillar top (θtop), there exists a competition between the droplet nucleation and the condensate removal on the downward-facing cross-shaped pillar-structured surface. It is found that, when θtop=60°, an optimal droplet dripping rate can be achieved due to a suitable balance between a relatively large mass of detached droplets and a short condensation cycle time. Furthermore, the aspect ratio (γ) has an important influence on the droplet dripping rate, i.e., as γ increases, the droplet dripping rate first exhibits small fluctuations, then increases rapidly before γ=1.0, and after that experiences a slight variation. The large droplet dripping rate achieved at γ=1.0 is mainly attributed to the fact that an optimum structure of the concave corner can promote the droplet nucleation, increase the length of the triple-phase contact line, advance the appearance of droplet coalescence, and finally accelerate the condensate removal.

Establishment of diabetes mellitus model using Bombyx mori silkworms in a low-temperature environment.

Due to the high prevalence of diabetes mellitus, researchers have conducted numerous experimental animal studies. However, the mammalian diabetes model is cumbersome and expensive to operate, while the cheap and simple common silkworm diabetes model has the disadvantage of a short cycle time. Since the growth of silkworms is greatly affected by environmental factors, we extended the five-age cycle of silkworms by lowering the ambient temperature to establish a novel low-temperature silkworm diabetes model. Our goal was to determine whether the low-temperature feeding of a high-sugar diet to silkworms could serve as an effective animal model for diabetes. Also, we aimed to resolve certain issues concerning the normal temperature silkworm diabetes model, such as the short time frame for experiments and erratic fluctuations in blood sugar levels. Silkworms weighing between 0.9 and 1.0 g at the beginning of the fifth instar were selected, and we created diabetic silkworms by feeding mulberry leaves containing 4% glucose daily in a 16-20°C environment. When the silkworms were kept at a cooler temperature, the fifth instar stage lasted for an additional 9-11 days. In the model group, 83.3% of the silkworms had blood glucose levels greater than 7.8 mmol/L, while the total prevalence of diabetic silkworms was 89.8%. Moreover, JNK phosphorylation expression rose in the model group, while PI3K expression fell. Additionally, the JNK and PI3K signaling pathway expressions matched diabetic signals. Therefore, using silkworms to create a diabetes model in a cool environment is a straightforward and cost-effective approach to studying diabetes in animals.

Evaluating the Practical Viability of Aluminum-Air Batteries in Real-World Applications

The growing global population and petroleum use are contributing factors to serious environmental issues like climate change. Reducing dependency on petroleum can be achieved, for example, by producing big-capacity batteries that can be used in electrical applications. Because aluminum-air batteries have a theoretical energy density of 8.1 kWh kg1 , which is far higher than that of present lithium-ion batteries, they are considered promising for use in next-generation energy storage applications. An aluminum-air battery, which is a promising form of energy storage, uses aluminum as the anode and ambient air as the cathode. This abstract emphasizes the key characteristics of aluminum-air batteries while highlighting their potential advantages, challenges, and applications. These batteries appeal to a range of enterprises due to their high energy density, lightweight, and environmental friendliness. However, there are issues that need to be resolved, such as impediments to real-world deployment and short cycle times. Research to improve the performance and economic viability of aluminum-air batteries is underway, with a focus on uses in electric vehicles, portable gadgets, and renewable energy systems. This abstract provides a concise overview of this revolutionary energy storage technology with insights into its current state and potential. Key Words: Aluminum, Graphite, Non-toxic, Sodium Hydroxide, Eco- friendly, non-rechargeable.

Optimization of alkalinity supplementation in the AnSBBR using acidified cassava starch wastewater

In aiming to enhance performance and minimize costs, it is important to conduct research centered on the significance of alkalinity supplementation in anaerobic reactors. This study evaluated the impacts of alkalinity supplementation in the methane production, in a second-stage anaerobic sequencing batch biofilm reactor (AnSBBR) fed by acidified cassava wastewater. The AnSBBR was operated at 30 °C, cycle time (CT) of 8 and 6 h and sodium bicarbonate (gNaHCO3.gCOD[chemical oxygen demand]−1. L−1) of 1, 0.66, 0.33 and 0. The organic loading rate (OLR) were 17.1 and 22.8 gCOD.L−1d−1 for the CT of 8 and 6 h, in that order. The results showed that the reactor has been able to supply the alkalinity demand in the system, presenting removal of COD higher than 70%, even without alkalinity supplementation in the influent. The methane production rates (MPR) reached 3.42 ± 0.21 LCH4 L−1d−1 in the condition with 1 gNaHCO3.gCOD−1. L−1, with CT of 6 h. The main soluble metabolite was acetic acid and butyric acid. There was a decrease in methane production and greater instability in the reactor monitoring parameters without NaHCO3 supply. However, the degree of acidification was low, compared to the conversion of organic matter in all conditions. Thus, the AnSBBR maintained stable up to the ratio of 0.66 gNaHCO3.gCOD−1. L−1. Conditions with 1 gNaHCO3.gCOD−1. L−1. (CT 8 and 6 h) exhibited notable energy potential (≥90.2 KJ.d−1), underscoring their capacity for energy generation, even within shorter CT (6 h), thus rendering them suitable for application in industrial facilities.

Thermo-accelerated curing of transparent glass-glass bondings through in-situ heat generation in the adhesive joint

ABSTRACT Bonding glass is challenging due to the brittle properties of the material. At the same time, it is interesting for transparent architectural applications, as the entire construction appears as a uniform surface without disturbance. Many adhesives are available for this purpose, whereby epoxy resins and polyurethanes fulfill the highest structural requirements due to their crosslinking properties. In addition, the curing of both can be accelerated by heat, so that short economic cycle times can be achieved. However, in conventional heating the entire construction element, often several meters long, has to be placed in an oven. This results again in long curing cycles, high-energy consumption and high costs. Induction or resistance methods achieve more targeted heating, but these require components at the adhesive joint that can be activated. Electrically conductive or magnetizable fillers are non-transparent and metallic substrates such as brackets or fixings do not exist on glass-glass bondings. Therefore, this study investigated heat generation on little-visible, metallic inserts and glass coatings. Different adhesives were analyzed for their accelerated heat curing properties and the resulting bond strength. A fast cured, highly transparent joint could be achieved with the combination of an epoxy resin and the resistant heating of a silver coating.

Effects of poling camber angle on the biomechanics of cross-country sit-skiing

Cross-country sit-skiers use double poling (DP) technique to drive the slide. The aim of this study is to analyze how poling camber angle affect the capacity of power output and biomechanical parameters of the DP process. Twenty-four non-disabled college students (24.67 ± 1.46 years old) were recruited to perform three successive 30-s maximal effort tests with different poling camber angles of 0°, 15°, 24° and 30° using a sit-skiing ergometer. The biomechanical parameters, output power and muscle activation of the subjects were analyzed. The results showed that DP output power increased with the increase of poling camber angle at 15° (597.78 ± 150.31 J), 24° (610.94 ± 158.96 J, P = 0.011) and 30° (629.10 ± 168.78 J, P < 0.001) compared with 0° (590.65 ± 148.95 J). However, effective output power decreased with the increase of camber angle. Poling with camber angle of 24° had the shortest cycle time 1.53 ± 0.17 s, compared with other abduction angle (0°, 1.57 ± 0.19 s, 15°, 1.55 ± 0.16 s, and 30°, 1.56 ± 0.19 s). Compared with 0° (1.02 ± 0.14 m), the cycle distance significantly increased at poling camber angles of 24° (1.07 ± 0.12 m, P = 0.029) and 30° (1.11 ± 0.13 m, P < 0.001). With the increase of poling camber angle, the shoulder and elbow joint range of motions and joint moments were significantly increased. This study found that poling with shoulder abducted increased the output power but decreased the efficiency. By analyzing the poling angle and poling force, we find that the optimal poling camber angle may depend on the terrain or the skiing speed. These results may guide the competition techniques and tactics in the matches, and may further influence the strength-training programs of cross-country sit-skiing athletes.