Shortage Of Funds Research Articles

Relevance of the ancient Indian curriculum and pedagogic approaches in the present context with reference to NEP 2020

The current study's goal is to examine, using relevant literature critically, the curricula and pedagogical practices used in ancient India and, as a result, determine their applicability in the current NEP 2020 framework. Research questions about curriculum analysis, pedagogical approaches, their applicability in NEP 2020, and the difficulties that may arise from putting them into practice were formulated based on the objectives. The study is analytical in nature and is review-based. The thorough literature analysis shows that the curriculum is made up of scriptures that teach about human values and a noble existence. Tarka Shastra, Upanishads, Vedangas, Darshans, Puranas, and four Vedas make up this system. The outcome also shows that Chintan and the oral teaching approach were widely employed. Additional methods of learning included debates, lectures, storytelling, and discussions. Life-related knowledge was given. The investigation revealed that their implementation in the current NEP 2020 will be significant and productive. Life-related learning can be obtained through activities and experiential learning. Experiments will help us understand things better. Schools are able to use oral teaching methods. Sanskrit knowledge is to be taught in schools. Additionally relevant is critical thinking. Regarding the implementation, there are a number of obstacles that must be overcome, including a shortage of funding, government backing, a shortage of qualified teachers, and many more. Therefore, by overcoming them and putting the same into practice, we can provide our children with education that is effective, relevant, engaging, and student-centric.

Abstract TP132: Safety-net Hospitals in the U.S. Have Worse Outcomes than Non-safety Net Hospitals for Ischemic Stroke

Background: Safety-net hospitals (SNHs) are crucial in serving uninsured, underinsured, and socioeconomically disadvantaged populations, who often face financial limitations and resource shortages compared to their counterparts. We hypothesized that patients with ischemic stroke treated at SNHs would have inferior outcomes compared to non-SNHs, which may be related to the patient's socioeconomic status and care allocation. Methods: The National Inpatient Sample Database was queried to identify adult patients (≥18 years) who were hospitalized for ischemic stroke from 2016 to 2019. Patients with safety-net features were those with Medicaid or no insurance. Hospitals were ranked based on the percentage of patients with safety-net features. Hospitals in the top quartile were defined as SNHs, and the remaining hospitals were defined as non-SNHs. The characteristics and outcomes of the patients with or without safety-net features treated at SNHs vs non-SNHs were compared after adjusting for patient and hospital characteristics. A composite overall outcome variable was also generated to include in-hospital mortality, acute renal failure, tracheostomy, and sepsis. Results: We identified a weighted total of 1,823,985 patients, including 501,345 treated at SNHs and 1,550,100 at non-SNHs. The patients treated at SNHs were more likely to be non-white, had lower socioeconomic status but higher neurological severity, and more frequently required endovascular thrombectomy. They were associated with higher in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09-1.19, p<0.001) and composite outcome (aOR 1.17, 95% CI 1.14-1.19), and longer hospital length of stay (5.6±7.7 vs 4.5±5.4 days, p<0.001) (Figure 1). Patients without safety-net features who were cared at SNHs had higher neurological acuity and worse outcomes compared to those treated at non-SNHs including in-hospital mortality (aOR 1.14, 95% CI 1.09-1.19), acute respiratory failure (aOR 1.24, 95% CI 1.20-1.29), tracheostomy (aOR 1.45, 95% CI 1.30-1.63), acute renal failure (aOR 1.16, 95% CI 1.13-1.19), and sepsis (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.33-1.51) (Figure 2). Conclusions: Patients treated for ischemic stroke at SNHs, regardless of their socioeconomic status and safety-net features, have higher in-hospital mortality and an increased risk for composite adverse outcomes. These findings support changes in resource allocation and efforts to improve the care of ischemic stroke in SNHs.

P-469. Evaluation of the HIV biobehavioral surveillance system for key populations in the Kyrgyz Republic, 2024

Abstract Background New HIV infections are growing in Kyrgyzstan. Key populations (KP), including men who have sex with men (MSM), sex workers (SW), people who inject drugs (PWID), transgender people (TG), and labor migrants (LM) are disproportionately burdened by HIV. Biobehavioral surveillance is essential because routine HIV testing and treatment data in Kyrgyzstan does not adequately capture KP data due to stigma. A surveillance evaluation had not been conducted to identify system gaps and strengths.Table 1.Summary of HIV biobehavioral surveys among key populations in the Kyrgyz Republic Methods Using U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention published guidelines for evaluating public health surveillance systems, we conducted an evaluation of Kyrgyzstan’s biobehavioral surveillance system from February to April 2023. We reviewed protocols, survey tools, data and reports from 2003 to 2023. Results Biobehavioral surveys are conducted every 3 years. From 2003-2023, 34 studies were completed which included 1,806 MSM in 10 studies, 6331 SW in 11 studies, 8,772 PWID in 11 studies, 56 TG in 1 study and 945 migrants in 1 study. Population size estimations, which are useful for strategic planning, were 16,900 MSM, 7,100 SW, and 25,000 PWID. Protocols and tools were revised and sampling strategies updated before each survey. This helped ensure high quality standards and demonstrates the systems’ flexibility but limits the usefulness of data for comparing trends over time. Recent surveys for each KP failed to reach desired sample size; the TG study reached just 72% of target. Under-sampling, coupled with inherent bias introduced from the quasi-random sampling strategies used, may result in the data not being fully representative. Stability and timeliness were weaknesses; no surveys were conducted 2016-2021 due to funding shortages and the COVID-19 pandemic. Data quality was high. The recent SW survey (n=520) had high completeness of data (91%) and low error measured as invalid/not logical responses to questions (2%). Conclusion The biobehavioral surveillance system for key populations in the Kyrgyz Republic is useful, flexible and of high quality. Important gaps in timeliness, stability, and representativeness could be addressed through stable financing for more surveys conducted at regular intervals. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Overview of the e-Fuels Market, Projects, and the State of the Art of Production Facilities

E-fuels, or synthetic fuels produced from green hydrogen and captured CO2, are a promising solution for achieving climate neutrality by replacing fossil fuels in transportation and industry. They help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and efficiently utilize renewable energy surpluses. This study aims to assess the current state and future potential of e-fuel production technologies, focusing on their scalability and market integration. A comprehensive literature review and market trend analysis, including modeling based on historical data and growth forecasts, were used to estimate market penetration. Results indicate that e-fuels could reach a 10% market share within the next 5 years, potentially reaching 30% in 20 years, particularly in aviation, maritime transport, and the steel industry. Ongoing projects expected to be completed this decade may cover about 20% of the global liquid fuel demand for transportation. However, challenges such as high costs, scalability, and recent project terminations due to funding shortages highlight the need for substantial investment, regulatory support, and innovation. Global collaboration and policy alignment are essential for the successful development and integration of e-fuels as a critical pathway to decarbonization.

Post-award grant collaboration: facilitators and hindrances to cross-disciplinary authorship

Granting agencies often require cross-disciplinary team composition to be competitive for funding. However, to what extent do research teams have cross-disciplinary authorships after they win an award, given that grants are not contracts? This mixed-method study examined the degree to which cross-disciplinary composition translated into cross-disciplinary authorship in grant-funded teams and the factors motivating cross-disciplinary collaboration. We found that after receiving a grant award, nearly 90% of investigators chose to collaborate across disciplines, with 80% working with researchers from fields very different from their own. Interviews uncovered facilitators and hindrances to continued collaboration. Facilitators included strong interpersonal relationships, shared goals, and openness to new ideas. Common hindrances involved funding shortages and limited face-to-face interactions. What defined success in cross-disciplinary collaboration were not only research outputs but learning opportunities, highlighting the intangible benefits of cross-disciplinary research. Researchers stressed the importance of integration and resource availability for deeper collaboration across disciplines.

"It Would Help If We Actually Knew about the Initiative": The Barriers Female Refugees Face in Accessing Incentive Teacher Training in Ethiopia

Since the early 2000s, the Ethiopian government and global actors in education in emergencies have made significant investments in training refugees to become primary school teachers who deliver education to refugees in Ethiopia. These investments include an incentive teacher training initiative in the country's refugee-hosting regions. This initiative was enhanced in 2018, when the Ethiopian government, supported by global education funding, began offering scholarships to refugees so they could study at teacher training colleges to become qualified primary school teachers. The initiative has faced major challenges in recruiting participants, particularly female refugees. In February and March 2020, a team of 22 researchers conducted a situational needs assessment at 14 refugee camps in Ethiopia. The assessment included focus groups, surveys, and semistructured interviews that were used to collect data from 685 participants. We identified three initiative-specific barriers and four associated structural barriers that were hindering the participation of female refugees. Initiative-specific issues included poor recruitment, a lack of awareness of the initiative among female refugees, and delays in training and scholarships due to funding shortfalls. Structural barriers included the low incentive payment, a shortage of national teachers, limited opportunities for career progression, and a scarcity of eligible refugee girls. My aim in this article is to increase female refugees' participation in the initiative and improve retention rates for both trainees and teachers by providing evidence-based and participant-driven recommendations to address these barriers.

The Private Undergraduate Colleges in China: The Development, Challenges and Opportunities

The structure of private undergraduate colleges in China can be confusing because it includes two distinct types: Independent Colleges and Minban Undergraduate Colleges. Research on their development, challenges, and opportunities remains limited. This study uses qualitative document analysis to examine the history, challenges, and prospects of private undergraduate colleges. The findings show that Independent Colleges, which emerged during the late 20th century under the Open-Door Policy, grew quickly but faced criticism for disrupting the balance with Minban Undergraduate Colleges. In response, the Chinese government implemented policies to transform Independent Colleges and support the growth of Minban Undergraduate Colleges, creating a fairer and more competitive environment. Despite these improvements, private undergraduate colleges still face challenges such as funding shortages, limited research capacity, and high faculty turnover. However, changing market conditions and supportive policies offer significant opportunities for growth. This study provides useful insights for policymakers and educators, highlighting the potential of private undergraduate colleges to strengthen China’s higher education system and meet the needs of a rapidly changing economy.

The role of exchange-traded funds (ETFS) in financing sustainable infrastructure projects: a conceptual framework for emerging markets

Sustainable infrastructure development is critical for addressing emerging markets' economic, social, and environmental challenges. However, significant financing gaps hinder the progress of such initiatives. This paper explores the role of exchange-traded funds (ETFs) as innovative financing instruments for sustainable infrastructure projects in these regions. It begins by outlining the unique challenges and opportunities in sustainable infrastructure financing, highlighting the importance of financial markets in bridging funding deficits. The paper then delves into ETFs' structural features and mechanisms, emphasizing their potential to support long-term, diversified, and accessible investments. A conceptual framework is proposed, linking ETF design to the specific requirements of sustainable infrastructure while addressing critical factors such as regulatory support, ESG integration, and investor education. The framework also identifies potential risks and barriers, such as market maturity and transparency concerns. Finally, actionable recommendations are provided for policymakers, financial institutions, and stakeholders to optimize the deployment of ETFs for financing sustainable infrastructure. By leveraging ETFs effectively, emerging markets can enhance their resilience and achieve balanced development aligned with global sustainability goals. Keywords: Sustainable infrastructure, Exchange-traded funds, Emerging markets, ESG integration, Green finance, Financial innovation.

Debt sustainability analysis and its policy implications for Ukraine

Since the outbreak of the russian invasion in 2022, Ukraine’s public debt has risen sharply, and debt sustainability turned out to be a matter of concern. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive debt sustainability analysis (DSA) for Ukraine, focusing on probabilistic judgments about the trajectory of public debt, the government’s gross financing needs in the 2025–2028 period, and essential policy measures to prevent an unsustainable debt situation. The DSA incorporates references to quantitative debt-related benchmarks and assessments of performing a debt treatment and changing the structure of budget deficit financing. Four medium-term scenarios are run: a baseline scenario, a negative scenario, a positive macro-scenario, and a policy shock scenario. The first three scenarios yield public debt stocks from 94.8% to 128.8% of GDP in 2028, above the intermediate threshold of 82% and far above the final threshold of 65%. Even under the baseline projections, public debt trajectory and gross financing needs magnitudes deviate considerably from the benchmark levels. Only the policy shock scenario is compatible with ensuring public debt sustainability, being conditional on a substantial extension of foreign grants, and applying a significant haircut through the second debt restructuring. The results suggest that avoiding public debt crisis while meeting recovery and reconstruction needs would require raising the share of grants up to around 45% in the structure of foreign official financing and debt reduction by at least 50% in the framework of new foreign debt restructuring, covering official bilateral debt and euro-bonds’ debt. Acknowledgment This study is published as an output of the EURIZON project “Ukraine’s Foreign Financing Needs and the EU’s Role in Restoring External Sustainability and Long-Term Growth of the Ukrainian Economy,” which is funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement No. 871072.

Evolutionary Features, Content Characteristics, and Inheritance Strategies: A Study on Nanfeng Nuo Dance

Nanfeng Nuo Dance is a traditional folk dance originating from ancient Chinese sacrificial rituals, specifically from Nanfeng county in Jiangxi province, China. This study aims to examine the evolutionary features, content characteristics, and inheritance situation of Nanfeng Nuo Dance. Through literature review, field research, and interdisciplinary analysis, this research explores the evolutionary features and content characteristics of Nanfeng Nuo Dance, while proposing strategies for its inheritance and development. The findings indicate that the evolutionary trajectory of Nanfeng Nuo Dance has transformed from a witchcraft ceremony into a form of cultural heritage, with each phase displaying distinct evolutionary features. In terms of content characteristics, the dance is primarily characterized by the expression of primitive desires, diverse deity worship, and unique local belief legends. However, regarding its inheritance, Nanfeng Nuo Dance faces challenges such as the deterioration of its cultural ecosystem, a shortage of successors, insufficient funding, and inadequate institutional support. The study suggests that to ensure the sustainable transmission of Nanfeng Nuo Dance, it is crucial to foster a supportive cultural ecosystem, cultivate inheritors, increase investment, and improve policies. In practical terms, the research proposes the establishment of a Nuo Dance Learning Center focused on education, performance, exhibition, and academic exchange. These measures aim to create new avenues for the protection and transmission of Nanfeng Nuo Dance, ensuring that its unique charm continues to thrive in contemporary society.

External Financing, Governance, and Infrastructure Development: Evidence From Sub-Saharan Africa

Infrastructure development in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) requires diversified financing strategies to address a significant funding shortfall that cannot be met by domestic resources alone. This research evaluates the contributions of external financing—namely Official Development Assistance (ODA), Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), and Private Participation in Infrastructure (PPI)—in complementing domestic efforts to advance infrastructure in SSA. It examines their influence, alongside governance, on the development of physical and social infrastructure components. Employing methodologies such as Panel-Corrected Standard Errors (PCSE) and System Generalized Method of Moments (SGMM) across 43 SSA economies from 2000 to 2022, the analysis reveals that FDI substantially enhances physical infrastructure development but does not significantly impact social infrastructure. In contrast, ODA is shown to have a negative direct effect on overall infrastructure development, whereas PPI shows no significant direct influence. However, when considering indirect effects mediated by governance, all external financing sources positively affect both types of infrastructure, except for PPI’s influence on social infrastructure. Theoretically, this study reinforces the critical roles of economic growth, institutional quality, and external financing in supporting infrastructure development, as suggested by related theories. The study recommends that SSA authorities should focus on attracting more foreign investment, particularly in physical infrastructure projects, and encourage a broader diversification of external financing sources beyond FDI alone. Moreover, enhancing governance practices is essential for effective resource allocation and utilization. The study also advocates for improved public spending efficiency through enhanced project prioritization and governance reforms to foster sustainable infrastructure development in the region.

A study on entrepreneurial competencies, challenges and enhancing opportunities for rural empowerment

Entrepreneurship plays a vital role in driving economic development and empowering rural communities. This study examines the competencies, challenges, and opportunities among rural entrepreneurs in Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu. A survey methodology was used with a sample of 200 rural entrepreneurs from industries such as textiles and automobiles.The study assessed entrepreneurial competencies based on gender, education, and business background, revealing notable differences. Male entrepreneurs outperformed females in competency measures, highlighting gender disparities. Educational qualifications significantly impacted competencies, with school-educated entrepreneurs achieving the highest mean scores. Entrepreneurs from business families demonstrated greater competencies compared to first-generation entrepreneurs.Key challenges identified include financial constraints, infrastructural deficits, and technological barriers, while opportunities lie in digital platforms and government initiatives. The findings underscore the importance of targeted interventions to address these challenges, enhance entrepreneurial capacities, and promote sustainable development. Empowering rural entrepreneurs is crucial for fostering economic growth and rural prosperity.

URGENSI MEMAHAMI PERWALIAN NASAB BAGI CALON PENGANTIN DALAM PENYULUHAN AGAMA DI KUA KEC. TANETE RIATTANG BARAT

The urgency of the marriage guardian is one of the determinants of the validity of the marriage. The presence of a guardian's blessing which is manifested in the form of a willingness to become a marriage guardian will open up household blessings and enthusiasm (motivation) to achieve sakinah mawaddah warahmah. The importance of a marriage guardian in relation to household happiness is that the guardian becomes a household helper in times of difficulty. You can imagine if a marriage was carried out without a guardian, then during the marriage the household which was thought to be happy turned out to be experiencing problems, for example experiencing financial shortages, lack of medical expenses and care for serious illnesses and the lack of a house or vehicle. The aim of this research is to find out how important it is to understand lineage guardianship for the prospective bride and groom before carrying out the wedding. Research in this journal uses qualitative research methods. The type of research carried out is the library research method, namely by reading books, journals or research related to the research title. The process of collecting data related to this research, and the data collection technique used is document analysis by looking for sources from books, journals and research that has already been carried out. Then connect it with the research title in this journal by conducting an interview with one of the staff at the District Religious Affairs Office. West Tanete Riattang. The results of this research are that religious counseling regarding the guardian of the lineage in marriage is someone whose guardianship rights are based on the existence of a blood relationship, in this case what is meant is the biological father, grandfather, biological brother, etc. However, in the case of a prospective bride's lineage towards her biological father, it can only occur and can be formed in three ways, namely through a legal marriage, through a fashid or vanity marriage, including in this case a private marriage, and through dubious sexual relations. Meanwhile, a person's relationship with his mother occurs due to pregnancy outside of marriage.

Does the University Have a Future?

Although this article examines the problems facing modern universities such as their loss of independence and shortage of funding, similar problems faced universities throughout the 20th century. The focus is on the post-war generation, the creation of new universities and the political and economic changes that were brought about by Thatcherism. In the growth period between 1945 and the 1970s, many working-class children gained social mobility through the expansion of the university sector. This period also attracted large numbers of exiles from Europe. The contemporary demographic challenge to universities in terms of the shrinkage of the population of eligible students is critical. Universities have responded by recruiting primarily Chinese and Indian students. This challenge joins other modern problems: bureaucracy, managerialism, rising costs, the loss of academic independence, stagnant wages, declining opportunities and the threat of AI. Can we imagine and build the post-university? Is the cafe as a meeting place a possible model of a global online intellectual hub?

The impact of external borrowings on the Ukrainian economy

In current environment, external borrowings have a significant impact on the domestic economy. On the one hand, they are an important tool for the development and stabilisation of Ukraine’s economy, as, if used rationally, they will help maintain budgetary stability and implement the necessary reforms. On the other hand, such borrowings may pose certain risks in the form of an increased debt burden, dependence on creditors, and even a threat to financial independence. For Ukraine, this issue is of particular relevance. Sources of external borrowing include various entities, including: The International Monetary Fund (IMF), the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), the World Bank, individual states, etc. The overarching processes of globalisation are leading to an increase in the economic and political interdependence of states. The presence of external debts affects not only the economic component but also the social sphere. In recent years, Ukraine has been experiencing an upward trend in its external debt. External debt affects debt security, and thus economic and national security in general. The main reasons for the emergence and growth of Ukraine’s public debt include the state budget and balance of payments deficit. Yes, borrowing is tangible and helps to balance the state budget, but it should be noted that this is a temporary measure. In the future, constant borrowing will only increase the debt burden. This leads to negative consequences for the population, in particular in terms of increased taxation. It should be noted that external debt requires repayment, which means regular payments from the budget. The need for such payments causes a shortage of funds for the country’s development and a reduction in funding for relevant government programmes. This suggests that a rational plan for repayment should be developed to minimise the impact of negative consequences on the financing of state development. In addition, the use of borrowed funds should be strictly controlled and used exclusively for the necessary needs. Debt repayment will help create conditions for economic growth, restore confidence in the financial system, attract foreign investment, etc.

The “Water Problem” in the Congo River Basin

Throughout the period of independent development of African nations, the peoples inhabiting them have been experiencing recurring political and socio-economic cataclysms, among which the problem of water scarcity has been gaining in prominence in recent decades. Despite the fact that Africa, especially the Congo River basin, possesses abundant water resources including full-flowing rivers, lakes, wetlands and groundwater, due to the lack of proper management and the shortage of qualified personnel and funds to develop adequate water intake and distribution infrastructure, the issue of providing the population with drinking water has become a major issue in almost all countries of the continent, including the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 98% of whose territory is located in this basin, which ranks second in the world in terms of the volume of discharge after the Amazon. The present article provides a description of the hydrological features of the Congo River basin and discusses the causes of the water shortages observed in the DRC, which have a negative impact on the development of not only the country’s economy and the provision of public services, but also on the health of the population. It is also noted that, unlike other regions of the continent, in the Congo basin there are no conflicts over access to water resources between the riparian states and, moreover, there is a permanent consensus among them on the issues of water use and recognition of the leading role of the DRC in their resolution.

Artificial Intelligence in Education, Bridging Community Gap: A Phenomenological Approach

Integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education holds transformative potential for bridging community gaps, particularly in under-resourced and marginalized communities. This study explores the multifaceted ways AI technologies can enhance educational accessibility, quality, and equity, thereby fostering inclusive community development. The educational disparity between under-resourced and resourced communities in Nigeria is a pressing issue, primarily driven by unequal funding, insecurity, corruption, resource allocation, and teacher shortages. This gap affects academic performance and limits future opportunities for learners in the under-sourced communities. The study delves into AI-driven initiatives to reduce the digital divide, such as deploying AI-powered educational tools in underserved communities with limited access to quality education, which is imminent. By leveraging AI, this research underscores the potential to democratize education, offering tailored learning experiences that can adapt to students' diverse needs across different geographical locations in Nigeria. The study's core objective is to bridge the community gap via AI in education using a phenomenological approach. The qualitative study adopted a phenomenological approach. The population comprised all secondary school teachers in Nigeria. Fifteen public school teachers from under-resourced communities constituted the study's sample and drew purposively based on availability. The qualitative data were thematically evaluated, and three themes (i.e., learning assistance, quality education, and infrastructural deficiency) emerged from the research. This study's findings indicate that AI can provide learning assistance and improve quality education. While AI may potentially enhance learning experiences, stakeholders must quickly address the concerns about infrastructural deficiency, insecurity, corruption, and the impediment of social interaction in education. The study concluded that incorporating AI-based technology into under-resourced communities will bridge the community gap and enable all learners to compete favourably, regardless of where they reside.

The stability of the treasury system as a result of treasury risk management

Relevance. The fundamentals of control activities are based on effective risk management. The main burden on the internal control system is aimed at ensuring compliance by the audit subject with regulatory and legislative acts governing the activities of treasury bodies, timely detection and prevention of treasury risks in order to implement the necessary preventive measures aimed at minimizing the likelihood of the occurrence of negative consequences associated with them for the activities of the department.The purpose of the study is to assess the stability of the treasury system as a result of treasury risk management.Objectives: consideration of theoretical and organizational and legal aspects of budget execution, assessment of the treasury system, determination of areas for improving treasury control as a factor in operational efficiency in managing the budget process at the regional level.Methodology. The authors used general scientific methods of research, vertical and horizontal analysis, comparison, summary and grouping, generalization of scientific practice, forecasting.Results. The conducted research allowed to form and highlight the following scientific results: to determine the role of treasury bodies in the system of state financial control at the regional level, to conduct a general analysis of the activities of the Federal Treasury Department in the Kursk Region and to analyze the treasury execution of the budget of the Kursk Region, to identify risks for the treasury system when introducing the digital ruble.Conclusions. Control is the main procedure of the treasury system of budget execution. Cash servicing of budget execution involves the implementation and accounting of cash transactions on income and expenses and sources of financing deficits. The Federal Treasury Department in the Kursk Region plays an important role in the financial system of the region and contributes to sustainable development. The use of a risk-oriented approach by treasury bodies involves the selection of objects of external control of entities of audit activity based on the analysis of the risks of their activities, the application of international audit standards, which is aimed at reducing the audit time, reducing duplicate control functions, forming a unified management paradigm of public management applied in related control and supervisory bodies in the financial and budgetary sphere of Russia.

The Priority Implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals in Underdeveloped Mountain Regions

ABSTRACTAt the midpoint of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development implementation, over half of the targets remain unmet due to insufficient government funding and tradeoffs among the sustainable development goals (SDGs) globally. The shortage of government funding and tradeoff between goals is a major bottleneck affecting SDGs realization. Underdeveloped mountain areas face multiple challenges such as weak infrastructure, shortage of human capital, and slow economic development, which may hinder achieving the goal of “No one left behind.” In underdeveloped mountain regions with limited financial input for sustainable development, prioritizing the SDGs through research can optimize government funding efficiency, promoting synergies between goals and reducing tradeoffs, and accelerate progress toward local SDGs. Lincang city is a typical underdeveloped mountainous region; thus, the cost‐benefit maximization criterion, correlation analysis, cluster analysis, and progress evaluation are adopted to propose priorities for advancing the SDGs in three stages: 2010–2015, 2016–2020, and 2010–2020. The findings reveal that the environmental and social dimension goals in underdeveloped regions have made positive progress, while the economic dimension goals are relatively lagging behind. Economic goals take precedence over environmental and social goals in underdeveloped regions. The specific order of priority is as follows: SDGs 9, 7, 11, 15, 4, 17, 12, 13, 16, 1, 6, 3, 8, 2, 10, and 5. Through developing green economies such as organic agriculture, clean energy, and eco‐tourism, the ecological environment advantage is transformed into an economic development driving force, and enhancing institutional support and implementation is crucial for promoting sustainable development in underdeveloped mountainous areas.

Exploring the preparedness of hospital pharmacists practising in Southwest London for implementing pharmacogenomics testing.

Pharmacogenomics (PG), the study of how genetic variations impact individual responses to drugs, has seen significant advancements globally in recent years. Hospital pharmacists play a crucial role in multi-disciplinary teams and understanding their preparedness to deliver PG services is essential for successful integration into the healthcare systems. This study evaluates their knowledge, training and seeks their views on PG testing implementation. A cross-sectional study was conducted on hospital pharmacists practising in Southwest London with the sample size determined as 137. The study was ethically approved. A structured, self-administered questionnaire was initially piloted, then distributed using emails with a link to Microsoft Form over a three-month period. It comprised 31 questions covering training levels, confidence, knowledge, perceptions, barriers to implementation and demographics. A total of 46 responses were received achieving a response rate of 33.6%. The study revealed that 65% of participants had limited familiarity or understanding of PG. Over 50% indicated not receiving previous undergraduate or postgraduate training relevant to PG and accordingly their responses to the PG knowledge questions were lacking. Pharmacists with postgraduate training demonstrated better awareness and knowledge. An overwhelming number of participants envisaged carving a role for themselves favouring those that would complement their expertise in medicine management such as recommending appropriate treatment and dosages and suggestions based on PG testing results. Barriers identified were mostly concerning financial cost and shortage of trained staff to support PG services. Most surveyed pharmacists were not prepared to deliver PG services and thus require tailored training; nonetheless, they exhibited a positive attitude towards PG suggesting a willingness to bridge learning gaps. This presents an opportunity for relevant organisations to provide necessary training and for universities to enhance the curriculum enabling pharmacists to be involved in PG implementation.