Shortage Of Medical Personnel Research Articles

Reducing reflex first-line prescriptions in a surgical pathology laboratory: toward sustainable practice with positive economic and clinical effects.

In surgical pathology departments, reflex first-line techniques (RFLTs) are aimed at reducing workloads and addressing recent shortages of medical personnel. However, the impacts thereof on economic and diagnostic factors have been poorly addressed. Also, in the era of global warming, environmental considerations are crucial. This study assessed the economic and diagnostic efficacies of routine pathological RFLT and the quality of care and sustainability. Ten RFLTs of the Bordeaux University Hospital pathology department (six special stains, one cytology technique, and three immunohistochemical tests) were studied. First, a retrospective economic analysis evaluated the average cost of these RFLTs per slide and per year. Second, diagnostic relevance was prospectively surveyed. Third, the effects of changes made were analyzed over 2years. The ten RFLTs were associated with average annual costs of €46,708. Diagnostic relevance analysis indicated that most stains were unnecessary; only 17% were requested as second-line techniques. Elimination of 7/10 tests afforded annual cost savings of €22,522 and reduced the workload by 5568 tests/year, without compromising the workflow or diagnostic quality. Seven of ten RFLTs could be eliminated without compromising diagnostic quality or the workflow. This afforded not only financial benefits but also positive social and environmental impacts. We offer valuable insights into appropriate practices in surgical pathology laboratories. Collaboration between the medical and technical teams was crucial; other healthcare sectors would also benefit from our approach.

SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN PENENTUAN STATUS GIZI BALITA PADA DINAS KESEHATAN KABUPATEN ALOR MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA C4.5

Assessment of nutritional status plays a very important role in monitoring children's nutrition. If the assessment of nutritional status is carried out correctly and accurately, signs or symptoms of impaired growth and development in children can be identified early so that mitigation and prevention can be carried out in an effort to improve the nutritional status of children under five. And the occurrence of nutritional problems can be minimized. For this reason, determining the nutritional status of toddlers must be done quickly and accurately. Puskesmas as the technical implementer of the Health Service, has the main task of collecting data and assessing the nutritional status of toddlers and submitting the results of the assessment to the Health Service. The determination of nutritional status that has been carried out is by looking at and calculating the standard anthropometric table for assessing the nutritional status of toddlers according to the Decree. Minister of Health Number: 1995/Menkes/SK/XII/2010. However, Puskesmas are often slow in treating large numbers of patients and also have limited resources, especially in areas where there is a shortage of medical personnel. So this also influences the results of the assessment of determining the nutritional status of toddlers. For this reason, the Health Service needs to provide an optimal method for determining the nutritional status of toddlers to be used by Community Health Centers to determine the nutritional status of toddlers quickly, precisely and accurately. So researchers have conducted research and produced a decision support system for determining nutritional status in toddlers using the C4.5 algorithm. Test results to measure algorithm performance using the Confusion Matrix, Accuracy, Precision and Recall testing method, it is known that the C4.5 algorithm has an accuracy value of 72.13 %, Precision value 71.43% and Recall value 22.73% Keywords : Decision Support, Nutritional Status, Toddlers, C4.5 Algorithm

REFINING METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO ENHANCE TEACHING QUALITY AT THE DEPARTMENT OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES WITH EPIDEMIOLOGY

Reforming Ukrainian higher medical education is imperative, not only to address issues related to the recognition of Ukrainian diplomas abroad and to enhance the competitiveness of Ukrainian medical institutions and their graduates on the European and global job markets, but also to elevate the efficiency and quality of education. Furthermore, the recent full-scale invasion has resulted in the loss of a significant potential in medical universities across the southeastern region of Ukraine.
 Amidst the ongoing reform of the Ukrainian higher education system, all institutions are transitioning towards a competency-based approach. This approach aims to cultivate and foster specific types and subtypes of competencies in students by ensuring comprehensive assimilation of essential knowledge and practical methodologies.
 The training of highly skilled medical professionals encompasses multidisciplinary education, extending beyond therapy to encompass knowledge spanning over two dozen specialties. Of utmost importance is the ability to diagnose and treat patients with acute and chronic therapeutic and surgical conditions, as well as to provide urgent medical assistance.
 The epidemiological landscape concerning numerous infectious diseases in various countries remains volatile. Incidences of viral hepatitis, tuberculosis, influenza, SARS, AIDS, Lyme borreliosis, among others, continue to rise in Ukraine and neighboring regions. A completely new challenge for the world community is the outbreak of Ebola fever in West Africa, monkeypox and its spread around the world. The appearance of pathogens of infectious diseases resistant to previously developed effective drugs is a cause for concern. Nowadays, the global crisis precipitated by the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, underscores the urgency for education on emerging and re-emerging infections.
 Given these challenges, the qualification level of future specialists in infectious diseases and epidemiology assumes paramount importance. These professionals must be equipped to organize and deliver medical care under adverse conditions such as war, pandemics, shortages of medical personnel and medications, and a dearth of theoretical and practical knowledge, especially in the face of new infections. To facilitate optimal learning amidst such crises, a phased approach is proposed that includes centralized distance education, methodological support, and practical skill acquisition. By implementing these measures, the assimilation of material and the quality of education can be enhanced for those seeking education during times of crisis.

El Hospital Militar de Cartagena durante la insurrección cantonal (1873-1874)

In the context of social instability during the First Republic, two civil conflicts developed simultaneously in Spain: the Third Carlist War and the cantonal rebellion. The cantonal rebellion had the epicentre inCartagena, which withstood several months of siege by the army loyal to the government of the First Republic. The city was able to treat the wounded from the conflict with the Hospital de Caridad, a civilian building that was rendered unusable by the bombardments, and mainly by the Military Hospital. In this article we describe how health care was provided in this hospital in a war context with intense artillery fire for several months. The work has been carried out through the analysis of primary sources consulted in the Naval Archive of the Arsenal of Cartagena and, after transcribing the primary source found “Statistical Memory”; a letter sent by Captain General of the Department in March 1874 to the Government of the Republic, reporting the events that took place in the Military Hospital during the conflict, where there was a shortage of medical personnel, medicines and food, among others.

Improving the effectiveness of legal regulation of targeted training of medical workers as a way to solve the problem of shortage of medical personnel

The shortage of medical workers is the most serious challenge of modern healthcare. The article considers the issues of improving the legislation as one of the ways to solve the problem of insufficient supply of doctors.

Моделирование процесса привлечения кадров в медицинские организации, оказывающие медицинскую помощь сельскому населению.

The shortage of medical specialists and their disproportionate distribution both across territories and specialties is a global health problem. According to the Russian Federal State Statistics Service, the shortage of medical personnel as of 2022 is 84.7 thousand people, of which 26.5 thousand are doctors; compared to 2021, the problem of shortage of nursing staff is less acute, but the shortage of doctors remains. An integral part of personnel policy is the process of retaining qualified specialists. The complex motivations of employees to stop or continue working in an organization interact with the personnel decisions of a healthcare organization, which in turn requires a joint study of both the characteristics of the employees and the characteristics of the organization. Purpose of the study is to model the process of attracting personnel to medical organizations providing medical care to the rural population. Materials and methods. Data on 151 students of targeted training who entered the Orenburg State Medical University in 2011 were studied. Using machine learning methods, a mathematical model was built that allows identifying students of targeted training with a higher probability of attraction to the medical organization. Results. The presented data set is unbalanced in terms of the target variable, since only 16.8% of students continued to work in the organization. Among all the options, the most optimal in cross-validation was the use of a decision tree using weights to balance the classes. All studied medical organizations can be divided into 3 groups: organizations with a low level of attraction of specialists, organizations with an average level of attraction of specialists and organizations with a high level of attraction of specialists. Based on the data obtained and analysis of publications, measures were proposed to improve the personnel policy of medical organizations of each type. Findings. Therefore, healthcare organizations have the opportunity to monitor the attraction process of targeted students through factors related to the characteristics of the organization, such as working conditions, reputation and image, career opportunities, and others.

Особенности заболеваемости детей болезнями костно-мышечной системы и соединительной ткани в Чеченской республике.

Pathology of the musculoskeletal system is of great medical and social importance and is one of the ten most common diseases. The high prevalence of diseases is due to a variety of risk factors. Polyethics, Cultural, Territorial and Demographic Features of the Chechen Republic (high birth rate, high proportion of the child population, predominance of rural residents, shortage of medical personnel), are reflected in the specifics of the provision of medical care to the population, and the analysis of the incidence of diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue in children is of interest and the need for detailed consideration. The purpose of the study: to determine the peculiarities of primary and general morbidity of diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue in children in the Chechen Republic. Materials and methods. Primary and general morbidity rates of children with musculoskeletal and connective tissue diseases were assessed and analyzed according to official statistical reports and publications of the Federal State Statistics Service and the Ministry of Health of Russia for the Chechen Republic in dynamics for 2016–2022. Statistical processing was performed in MS Office‑2016 program (Word, Excel). Results. The study showed a low incidence of musculoskeletal and connective tissue diseases in children in the Chechen Republic. The incidence of children in the groups of 0–14 and 15–17 years for the last 7 years has generally had a decreasing dynamics, with a change of trend: a decrease in 2016–2019 and an increase in cases of most nosologies in 2020–2022. Against the background of the COVID‑19 pandemic, there was a significant increase in deforming dorsopathies and arthropathies in general, including reactive arthropathies and juvenile arthritis. At the same time, no such correlation was found in rheumatoid arthritis: against the background of the pandemic, the downward trend in the registration of cases was continued. Conclusions. When organizing medical care for children with diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue, the prevalence of pathology, the level of medical staffing and the age composition of the child population should be taken into account. During 2016–2022, a decrease in primary morbidity prevailed in children 0–14 years of age, and in adolescents – in total morbidity. The COVID‑19 pandemic (the virus itself, decreased physical activity, and conditions limiting the availability of ambulatory care) contributed to the increase in most arthropathies and deforming dorsopathies. On the contrary, the incidence of rheumatoid arthritis in children has been steadily decreasing for 7 years.

Показатели и направления оптимизации первичной медико-санитарной помощи в Южном федеральном округе.

The study of indicators and directions for optimizing primary health care in the regions of the Russian Federation allows us to assess the effectiveness of the functioning of the first and basic level of contact of patients with the health care system. The purpose of the work is to study indicators and directions for optimizing primary health care in the Southern Federal District. Materials and methods: A theoretical analysis of literature, statistical information and documents related to indicators and optimization of primary health care in the Southern Federal District was performed. For a comparative assessment of the dynamics of indicators, the growth (%) was calculated. Results. The supply of local therapists in the Southern Federal District is lower than the national average. It was revealed that the Republic of Kalmykia, Astrakhan region and Rostov region have a negative increase in the provision of local therapists for 2016 and 2021: –6.1; –20.9 and –22.2% respectively. In terms of the number of local pediatricians, a negative increase (9.0%) is observed only for the Rostov region. An analysis of directions for optimizing primary health care showed that in the regions of the Southern Federal District programs are being implemented to improve the infrastructural organization and equipment of primary health care, as well as to eliminate the personnel shortage of medical personnel. However, the reports indicate only indicators of the number of doctors per 10 thousand population without highlighting primary health care workers. Conclusion. The key problem of the Southern Federal District is the shortage of doctors in the field of primary health care. The dynamics of the health care situation in the Southern Federal District have not been sufficiently studied. It is necessary to continue: improving the material and technical equipment of the industry, including in hard-to-reach areas, carrying out preparatory work with students in medical institutions, improving working conditions and offering attractive labor financing for workers and organizing social assistance.

Sustainable development and the health care system in Poland – an outline of the problem

One of the goals of sustainable development specified in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is to ensure “healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages health”. And while great progress has been made in recent years in improving people’s health situation, inequalities in access to health care still exist. The goal of reducing inequalities in access to health care is not easy to achieve, which is also evident in Poland, where, as in many other European countries, the health care system is under pressure due to rising costs and demand for services from an aging population. The consequences of this, for example, are shortages of medical personnel and problems with access to health care and long waiting times for health services. The shortage of medical professionals is a worldwide phenomenon. However, the ratio of physicians per 1,000 inhabitants is lower in Poland than in most Western European countries. The level of public funding is also lower. Additional efforts are therefore needed, on the way to the universal availability of medical services, and thus the realization of sustainable development goals. The aim was to introduce the topic and analyze the health care system in Poland from the perspective of sustainability issues, particularly access to health care.

필수의료 개념규정에서의 모호함이 초래한 위기

Korean society is currently experiencing a crisis in essential healthcare. While the government has expanded essential healthcare, it has been unable to provide essential medical services through private medical institutions due to a shortage of public medical institutions. Legislators have proposed a bill to resolve the shortage of medical personnel, but the obscurity of some of the key concepts contained in the bill has so far prevented it from becoming law. One fundamental problem in solving the current crisis is that there seems to be no agreement on what essential healthcare is. Widely understood concepts help form the basis for communication and empathy, reduce conflicts, and lead to efficient discussions on policymaking. This commentary argues that to overcome the current crisis all relevant parties must come to an agreement on what essential healthcare is.

Legal and ethical principles governing the use of artificial intelligence in radiology services in South Africa.

Artificial intelligence (AI) will drastically change the healthcare system. Radiology is one speciality that is most affected as AI algorithms are increasingly used in diagnostic imaging. AI-enhanced health technologies will, inter alia, increase workflow efficiency, improve diagnostic accuracy, reduce healthcare-related costs, and help alleviate medical personnel shortages in under-resourced settings. However, the development of AI-enhanced technologies in healthcare is fraught with legal, ethical, and human rights concerns. Currently, the use of AI in South African healthcare is not governed by sui generis legislation or ethical guidance focused exclusively and specifically on AI, although various provisions and principles from law and ethics find application. This article outlines these normative principles and explains their relationship with the extant legal obligations and regulatory framework as applied to the use of AI in radiology services in South Africa. The article concludes with three key recommendations for radiology practitioners using AI in South Africa. These are the need for: vigilant monitoring of AI use in practice, reforms to the liability framework, and appropriate guidance from local regulators and the Health Professions Council of South Africa on the ethical use of AI.

Особенности советской политики медицинского присутствия на Ляодунском полуострове (1947-1951 гг.)

The aim of the study is to identify the features peculiar to the emergence of the “soft power” element of Soviet policy on the Liaodong Peninsula (Northeast China), which was achieved through the activities of Soviet-Chinese hospitals organized by the USSR. The paper analyzes certain aspects of the work of these hospitals, which makes it possible to determine whether the “soft power” of Soviet medicine was part of a purposeful policy or whether it arose only through the efforts of doctors. The analysis focuses on the economic features of the functioning of hospitals, the data on which are contained in the reports of their management. The scientific novelty of the study lies in providing insight into the specifics of the “soft power” based on the activities of Soviet medicine and the conditions in which it could arise by analyzing a separate case of the Soviet presence on the territory of another state (China) as an example. The results of the study allow the researcher to conclude that the effect of the “soft power” of Soviet medicine on the Liaodong Peninsula was achieved due to the professionalism of doctors and their dedication to the spirit of internationalism, but was not the result of a special policy of the Soviet leadership to promote and popularize Soviet medicine. Problems with the supply of hospitals reflected in a constant lack of medicines and equipment, a shortage of medical personnel, along with other features of the hospitals’ activities, indicate that the Soviet leadership had little interest in spreading its influence among the Chinese population through medicine.

Reconstructing Legal Frameworks: Central-Local Government Collaboration during the Pandemic in Indonesia

This research discusses the issue of centralization and decentralization in handling the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the Indonesian context. Criticism of decentralization in COVID-19 was conveyed by Smith (2012), who considered it a form of centralization that strengthens narrow interests and threatens the public interest. This research also looks at the implementation of health decentralization in Natuna, which is experiencing severe challenges such as a shortage of medical personnel, lack of timely available funds, and inadequate availability of vaccines and medical materials. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has raised challenges in coordinating and managing responses in various countries, with some adopting a centralized approach and others favoring decentralization. This research tries to explore the legal links between the central and regional governments in handling COVID-19 in Indonesia, with a focus on the impact of existing regulations such as Law No. 24 of 2007 concerning Disaster Management, Law No. 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government, and Law no. 6 of 2018 concerning Health Quarantine regarding cooperation and coordination between the central and regional governments in handling the pandemic. This research is vital because COVID-19 is a global health crisis affecting various social, economic, and political aspects. With a better understanding of the legal relationship between central and regional governments in handling the pandemic, it is hoped that response coordination and effectiveness can be improved, thereby saving lives and reducing adverse social and economic impacts. This research has the advantage of focusing on the legal relationship between the central and regional governments in handling the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia and recommendations for reconstructing this legal relationship by referring to the 1945 Constitution. Good collaboration between the central and regional governments is considered vital in handling the COVID-19 pandemic -19 in the future.

Autonomous Oropharyngeal-Swab Robot System for COVID-19 Pandemic

The outbreak of COVID-19 has led to the shortage of medical personnel and the increasing need for nucleic acid testing. Manual oropharyngeal sampling is susceptible to inconsistency caused by fatigue and close contact could also cause healthcare personnel exposure and cross infection. The innate deficiency calls for a safer and more consistent way to collect the oropharyngeal samples. Therefore a fully autonomous oropharyngeal-swab robot system is proposed in this paper. The system is installed in a negative pressure chamber and carrying out a standardized sampling process to minimize individual sampling differences. A hierarchical throat detection algorithm is presented and multiple modality sensory information are fused to safely and accurately localize the optimum sampling location. Also, a force/position hybrid control method is adopted to ensure both accurate sampling and subject comfort. The robot system described in this paper can safely and efficiently collect the oropharyngeal sample, providing a scalable solution for large-scale Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Molecular sample collection for various respiratory diseases. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Note to Practitioners</i> —During the COVID-19 pandemic, pre-diagnostic is essential for both prevention and treatment. Existing approaches, including nasal swab and oropharyngeal-swab, require extensive medical worker training and increase the chance of cross-infection. The robot system introduced in this paper can take oropharyngeal-swab samples from subjects with minimum human intervention, reducing medical worker exposure, alleviating the work pressure of medical staff, and speed up large quantity of sampling plan. The robot will first guide the subject into position with vocal commands, and automatically detect the optimum sampling location with a real-time machine learning algorithm. A dedicated control strategy aiming at minimizing discomfort and uniforming sample quantity is then applied to safely collect nucleic samples from the throat. Eventually, while the swab is being stored in the culture medium, a disinfection process is carried out simultaneously to prepare the robot for the next subject. Preliminary clinical trials show that our robot system can safely and accurately collect samples from subjects.

A Secure Ensemble Learning-Based Fog-Cloud Approach for Cyberattack Detection in IoMT

The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) effectively tackles several shortcomings of conventional healthcare systems. It includes medical personnel shortages, patient care quality, insufficient medical supplies, and healthcare expenditures. There are several advantages of using IoMT technology for enhanced treatment efficiency and quality, thus improving patient health. However, the frequency and magnitude of cyberattacks on IoMT are increasing at a breakneck pace. Therefore, this article proposes a cyberattack detection method for IoMT-based networks using ensemble learning and fog-cloud architecture to address security issues. The ensemble technique employs a set of LSTM networks as individual learners at the first level and stacks a decision tree on top of them to classify attack and normal events. In addition, we present a framework for deploying the proposed IoMT-based approach as Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) in the cloud and Software as a Service (SaaS) in the fog. The proposed method is evaluated on the ToN-IoT dataset, and the outcomes reveal that it surpasses the baseline approaches in terms of precision by 4%.

The characteristics and problems of professional activity of medical workers in conditions of COVID-19 pandemic

The article is based on the results of sociological survey of medical workers of the Republic of Bashkortostan in 2021. The approaches to issues of their professional activities are analyzed. It is argued that the COVID-19 pandemic has aggravated a number of systemic problems accumulated in health care system in last years. The main difficulties are associated with shortage of medical personnel, increased workload, low remuneration of labor of medical workers, unpractical work organization decreasing quality of medical care, etc. The majority of respondents (68.4%) are not satisfied with their salaries. The highest percentage of negative assessments is fixed among physicians and paramedical personnel. The amount of average monthly salary of junior medical personnel is so low that it does not correlate with the minimum wage accepted in the Republic. The study discovered sufficiently high occupational risk, determined by biological production factor related to possibility COVID-19 contamination. The assessment of occupational morbidity demonstrated that at present the most widely-spread occupational pathologies in medical workers are infection with COVID-19 (70.2%) and emotional burnout syndrome (67.2%). Such measures as annual dispensarization, provision of medical workers with sanatorium-and-spa vouchers are obviously insufficient. Only 14.1% of respondents could underwent annual medical examination. Only 13.8% of respondents had opportunity to take advantage of sanatorium-and-spa vouchers. The study revealed deficiency of personnel in medical organizations among paramedical and junior medical personnel and physicians as well.

Genesis and prospects of the shortage of specialist physicians in Italy and indicators of the 39 schools of hygiene and preventive medicine.

In Italy, the number of physicians decreased in recent years due to retirements not being replaced by young specialists. To address this shortage of medical personnel, proper planning is needed, taking into consideration the number of accesses in medical schools and residency contracts. The main objective of this study is to deepen the data on the number of physicians, provide a prospective picture and make some suggestions for future planning. Materials and Methods: Estimates of the number of physicians, contracts, assignments, and abandonments for specialist schools are based on data from the General Medical Council, the Ministry of University and Research, Eurostat and the "Associazione Liberi Specializzandi". Results: Estimates of the number of physicians for the period 2023-2032 predict the minimum availability of active doctors between 2028 and 2029. While there has been an increase in the number of contracts for residents in recent years, there are concurrently high dropout rates and non-assignment of contracts, varying across Schools of Specialization. An examination of the available data for the 39 Schools of Specialization in Hygiene and Preventive Medicine shows lower than-average abundance rates. Conclusions: In recent decades, poor planning and early retirement have led to a shortage of doctors, particularly specialists, that will not be resolved until after 2030. Proposed solutions to this 'health emergency' include importing doctors from abroad, delaying the retirement age, recruiting junior doctors to the National Health Service and changing the distribution of junior doctor contracts.

Review of foreign healthcare systems and ongoing reforms in China and Vietnam

The article is devoted to the review of some aspects of health care reform abroad, the emphasis is placed on the study of measures to achieve universal health coverage (HEU) in China and Vietnam. There is a significant similarity of problematic issues in the health care of most countries, which include ensuring equal access to quality medical care, shortage of medical personnel, financing of medical care. A review of the studied reforms showed that those that are addressed to a specific health problem achieve greater success, especially in the field of public health reform. The experience of reforms in China and Vietnam in the field of increasing the availability of medical care demonstrates the importance of improving the financing of the medical industry in the implementation of most reforms. Both countries have implemented reforms in the field of health insurance, but in China basic health insurance was introduced, while in Vietnam more attention was paid to vulnerable groups of the population. Despite the fact that the two countries have made progress in health coverage, inequality in access to medical care has been significantly reduced in Vietnam. It is concluded that the effectiveness of reforms will be more successful if such measures as the use of strategic procurement, improvement of primary health care, improvement of the quality of services, provision of political support and increased financing of health care are implemented.

Brief description of current problems and ongoing reforms of healthcare systems in Greece, Bulgaria a nd Spain

The article is a description of the problems and reforms of the healthcare systems of Greece, Bulgaria, Spain. The range of existing problems includes the imperfection of management and financing of healthcare in these countries, which leads to a high level of co-financing of medical care by the population itself, a shortage of medical personnel and their uneven distribution within countries, the predominance of inpatient medical services, reduced availability (waiting time for medical care). In addition, Greece and Bulgaria have a high prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases with weak or no screening programs. The countries listed above are implementing a number of reforms related to the management and financing of healthcare, and the availability of medical care. However, significant results of reform, with the exception of Spain, are not observed in these countries, including due to the lack of political agreement on the implementation of the necessary reforms.

Analysis of the Healthcare System in Romania: A Brief Review.

This manuscript provides a brief review and analysis of the healthcare system in Romania. This study aims to comprehensively analyse the healthcare system in Romania, evaluating its strengths, weaknesses, and impact on the population's access to quality healthcare services. Within the framework of the Romanian healthcare system, a multitude of pressing challenges endure. These encompass insufficient funding, shortages of medical personnel, and ineffectiveness in the provisioning of services. These impediments substantially hinder the accessibility of healthcare services, particularly in outlying and pastoral regions, thereby rendering the system susceptible and underserving certain demographics. Our investigation presents three hypotheses. The opening conjecture proposes that inadequate funding has a negative impact on the availability and standard of healthcare facilities in Romania. In addition, another hypothesis assumes that insufficient medical staff plays a considerable role in inequalities in access to and delivery of healthcare. Moreover, the existence of inadequacies in service provision serves as a significant barrier, obstructing the timely and efficient delivery of healthcare to those who need it. Our research encompasses a comprehensive analysis of key aspects of the Romanian healthcare system, ranging from healthcare infrastructure and financing mechanisms to service delivery and healthcare outcomes. Through a blend of qualitative and quantitative data sources, including government reports, academic studies, and statistical data, we have endeavoured to provide an in-depth evaluation. The analysis encompasses various aspects, including healthcare infrastructure, financing mechanisms, service delivery, and healthcare outcomes. Romania has a mixed healthcare system with both public and private providers. The primary level of care is delivered by family doctors, while hospitals and specialised medical centres provide secondary and tertiary care services. This research underlines the criticality of significant alterations being implemented in the healthcare system of Romania to address the issues arising from insufficient funding, a shortage of medical personnel, and shortcomings in service delivery. It is vital to tackle the obstacles presented by insufficient funding, the dearth of healthcare staff, and inadequacies in service delivery to attain impartial and reachable healthcare. By implementing these essential transformations, Romania can pave the way towards a healthcare system that efficaciously caters to the diverse requirements of its populace and guarantees the provision of prompt and superior healthcare services.