Fertilizer Shortage Research Articles

Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Requirements in No‐Tillage and Conventionally Tilled Corn

AbstractThe response of corn (Zea mays L.) to four rates each of N, and P, and three rates of K fertilizer was determined under no‐tillage and conventional tillage culture. The soil type was Jefferson silt loam, an infertile, acid soil. The experiments were conducted during 3 years of above‐average rainfall for the location. In conventional tillage culture the fertilizer was broadcast on turnplowed soil and disked in, while in no‐tillage culture it was broadcast and left on the soil surface. The objective was to clarify the relative fertilizer requirements of corn grown by the two tillage methods. Yield, nutrient element removal by the crop, and residual levels of nutrient elements were used to evaluate results. Results obtained by yield and nutrient removal criteria agreed with each other except at the higher rates of P, and K. In these cases considerable P, and K were absorbed without corresponding yield increase. Corn maturity was hastened by no‐tillage. It was concluded that at the highest rate of N, and all rates of P, and K tested, no‐tillage culture increased the efficiency of the applied fertilizers. The highest yield producing 3‐year total rates of N, P, and K tested with no‐tillage were 470.8, 67.3, and 215.2 kg/ha, respectively. At these rates the grain yield increases over conventional tillage receiving the same rates were 19.1, 18.3, and 14.6%, respectively. These increases in fertiliezr efficiency are of special value in times of food and fertilizer shortages, such as presently exist.

Fertilizer shortage may ease by 1978

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTFertilizer shortage may ease by 1978Cite this: Chem. Eng. News 1974, 52, 36, 9–10Publication Date (Print):September 9, 1974Publication History Published online7 November 2010Published inissue 9 September 1974https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v052n036.p009Copyright © 1974 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views3Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (528 KB) SUBJECTS:Crops,Grain,Minerals,Phosphates,Plant derived food Get e-Alerts

A World Food Action Program

We have been waging a battle to improve the quality of life in the developing world for twenty-five years. Today this battle is being lost. As the world's military powers seek to reduce the risks of nuclear holocaust, new dangers to political and economic stability have arisen.The threat of widespread famine is on the increase. Fertilizer shortages grow, and the affluent continue to consume a disproportionate amount of the world's food resources. Worldwide inflation continues to take a heavy toll on the developing and the developed countries alike. This erodes political stability and depletes what little hard currency the poor nations have amassed.

Phosphate fertilizer shortage is worldwide

Phosphate fertilizer shortage is worldwide

India aims to remedy fertilizer shortage

India aims to remedy fertilizer shortage

近代村落成体前における入会林野の解体 (その2)

River sediment at the foot of mountains makes rolling terrace with thick gravel beds and poor soil. These areas were neglected by farmers as waste land or were used as common forests. But when reclamation became active in the late Shogunate, such poor land also was expected to be reclaimed. The following example shows the process of reclamation of such areas.Kikyogahara, located on the south side of Matsumoto Basin, Nagano Prefecture, is a big compound fan made of sediments of two rivers. Nine villges are distributed on the terminal of this alluvial terrace, along the rivers and at the foot of the mountain. In the Shogunate Era, most parts of the fan were covered with common forest kept by these nine villages.Reclamation of the area began early in the Shogunate. The feudal authorities of Matsumoto ordered reclamation but farmers who used Kikyogahara as hay and grass fertilizer source rejected the order. The authorities at that time perceived that farmers reclaimed secretly the areas adjoing village settlements. The authorities ordered that reclamation was to be carried out openly and offered land tax reduction as an inducement. But such secret reclamation was just temporary cultivation by farmers in order to alleviate food shortages, because fertility was too poor to permit cultivation as permanent fields. Such fields were returned frequently to grassland. Howevere, when developed, the authorities would not allow them to exist as no tax fields. Farmers were always afraid of tax on such poor unstable fields. From the early to the middle past of the Shogunate, tactical negotiation between the authorities and farmers continued.After the Meiji Restoration the reclamation was obliged to be planned again under the new circumstances. The feudal restrictions were abolished and viewpoints toward reclamation of common forests were revised, village farmers began to consider use of the common forest for mulberry fields or orchards rather than for paddy fields. Thus the forest was divided and distributed to each village concerned, and central parts of the forest, wilder areas, also were given to imigrants from other districts. About the same time mixed fertilizer was introduced and the value of the common forest was not the same as before except forests for house-fuel.The dissolution of common forests in the Shogunate Era took the form of reclamation, although it was always restrained by grass fertilizer shortages. Another big obstacle which made reclamation difficult were feudal restrictions on land use and choice of occupation. In any case of dissolution, forestry was out of consideration. Even if fish and other mixed fertilizers bccame gradually popular, it was difficult for poor farmers to purchase them. So grass fertilizer was still important.Such a process was a conspicuous characteristic in the dissolution of common forest in the Shogunate Era.

近代村落成体前における入会林野の解体 (その1)

The writer (Oguri) covered, in the previous reports, the dissolution of common forest after the Meiji Restoration, especially after the reorganization of towns and villages. Dissolution, however, did not always start after the Restoration or under the new village system. In the late Shogunate Era, increases of population required development of new fields for food. Those newly developed fields were formerly forests, grasslands or shallow waters. And reclaimed forests and grasslands belonged, in many cases, to common forests. But reclamation of common forests brought on grass fertilizer shortages. Therefore, resistance to reclamation often occured among people of villages concerned. Popularization of fish and mixed fertilizer in the late Shogunate Era could have relieved fertilizer shortages. But farmers who use them must purchase them in cash. They were generally poor and fish or mixed fertilizer were often expensive for them. Therefore, reclamation of common forests was pushed under the balance between food demand and farmers' economic power.Yugi and Tadao, located in the Tama Hills in the western suburbs of Tokyo, consist of 17 buraku which were old villages in the Shogunate Era. Large parts of forest area in the late Shogunate were under private ownership while common forests were distributed in a small scale. Farmers used rice-bran and ash for fertilizer besides grass from common forests.When the common forest which belonged to 3 buraku was partly reclaimed in 1779, two of them did not join in the reclamation in order to keep their fertilizer source, one buraku alone which held another common forest in Sagamino terrace reclaimed forest area adjoing the buraku. At that time the rejection of reclamation was expressed in the opinion of all farmers of the two villages. Although reclamation owing to population pressure had to be pushed, the significance of common forest as a fertilizer source did not change. In the late Shogunate Era, however, the significance was rather different. When some other buraku reclamed their communal forest within their buraku area in 1856, some farmers did not agree with it. Their excuse for rejection did not originate from lossing a fertilizer source, but from much expense and overload to them to carry on; they were afraid of labour shortage for old fields, then, in general, they were poor.As above mentioned, farmers used rice-bran and ash as fertilizer, but when those fertilizer were not sufficient, they had to depend upon fish fertilizer, although they wanted the larger food supply which could be obtained from developed fields. In short, the key of reclamation was dependent upon economic power of farmers, not solely upon demand and supply of grass for fertilizer.Hilly lands like Tama Hills were almost completely reclaimed before the Restoration and only narrow stripes of common forest remain on the top of hills.

THE USE OF SEWAGE AS FERTILIZER

To the Editor: —The present world crisis calls for the exertion of every effort to meet the unusual demands made on the people of our nation. Nowhere is this realized with greater force than in the matter of food production. On the one hand, the demands of our allies and our own demands call for a great increase in production. And on the other hand, the problems of transportation, labor and fertilizer are all working to make the task of increased production more difficult. Of the latter, the matter of fertilizer has become an acute problem. In the first place, intensive farming calls for an increase in the amount of fertilizer used. And in the second place there is a serious shortage of fertilizer due to the fact that America has been dependent for so long a time on that imported from Germany. The supply from Germany being cut off,