Short-Term International Research Articles

Capacity Building Contributions of Short-Term International Volunteers

Previous research suggests that international volunteer service may have both positive and negative effects on host organizations. Applying a capacity-building perspective, this study uses semistructured interviews to ask staff in hosting organizations to identify the main outcomes of short-term volunteer service. These views were compared with perspectives of staff from matched organizations that do not host international volunteers. Findings suggest that international volunteers may increase organizational capacity by supplying extra hands, providing technical and professional skills, contributing tangible resources, and enhancing intercultural understanding. Volunteers may also challenge organizations as they absorb staff time and resources. Staff members from both types of organizations identify individual and institutional variables that may affect the quality of these outcomes, including volunteers' language capacity and the intensity of the service placement.

The Ethics of Short-Term International Health Electives in Developing Countries

With increased globalization, and a desire by educators to develop culturally competent, compassionate physicians, there has been an exponential increase in the number of medical students involved in International Health Electives (IHE). Evaluation of many of these experiences is strongly positive for the students, but there has been virtually no academic assessment of the impact — positive or negative — on the host community. The ethics of affecting locals, frequently a vulnerable population or community utilized for training, as well as the ethics of physical or emotional harm to the students have not been carefully examined. This article details some of the ethical issues that must be considered in establishing or continuing rotations for medical students in developing countries, reviews the data in the current medical literature related to these issues, and ends with recommendations for educators in the ethical development and evaluation of international health electives.

The Psychological Well-Being and Sociocultural Adaptation of Short-Term International Students in Ireland

This article reports on an empirical study of the psychosocial adaptation of international students in Ireland. Using measures of social support, loneliness, stress, psychological well-being, and sociocultural adaptation, data were obtained from international students and a comparison sample of Irish students. The study found that, although international students had high levels of social support and low levels of loneliness and stress, students were experiencing high levels of sociocultural adjustment difficulties and psychological distress. Significant differences invariables were reported across time, whereas differences between international and Irish students were also discovered. Suggestions for further research and for individuals working with international students are proposed.

Ethical Challenges and Considerations of Short-Term International Medical Initiatives: An Excursion to Ghana as a Case Study

Medical students, physicians, nongovernmental organizations, and military personnel have participated in short-term international medical initiatives to the developing world for decades. Interest in international medical endeavors, particularly in the field of emergency medicine, has only increased with time and ease of transport. Despite our good intentions, ethical challenges frequently pervade the provision of care in these settings. Through the example of a 2-week medical initiative to Ghana, this article explores the ethical subtleties that underlie those challenges and proposes potential avenues by which to address them.

The European position on accounting for joint ventures

This paper analyses the European response to the changes proposed by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) regarding accounting for joint ventures, which have to be placed within the context of the short-term International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs)?US General Accounting Principles (GAAP) convergence project. This study makes a comparative qualitative analysis of the appropriate technical literature and discusses the relevant legislation in the field of consolidations and the IASB's recently published Exposure Draft on Joint Arrangements (ED 9). The authors conducted a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the reactions to the ED based on the comment letters received by the IASB. The objective of this study is to highlight the implications of the proposed changes to accounting for joint ventures on consolidated financial reporting from the viewpoint of different categories of organisations.

A Model for Sustainable Short-Term International Medical Trips

The health status of many people in developing countries is often dismal compared with the norms in industrialized countries. Increasingly, medical practitioners in the United States and other industrialized countries have become interested in global health issues, an interest that often takes the form of short-term international medical trips. We discuss several ethical issues associated with participation in such trips and use our experiences in developing the Children's Health International Medical Project of Seattle (CHIMPS) to outline and illustrate a set of 7 guiding principles for making these trips. CHIMPS is a resident-run, faculty-supported international medical program founded in 2002 by pediatric residents at the University of Washington in Seattle. Members of CHIMPS work with a rural community in El Salvador to support ongoing public health interventions there and provide sustainable medical care in collaboration with the community and a local nongovernmental organization. The 7 principles developed as a result of this work-mission, collaboration, education, service, teamwork, sustainability, and evaluation-can be used as a model for health practitioners as they develop or select international medical trips. The importance of partnering with the community and working within the existing medical and public health infrastructure is emphasized. Many of the challenges of doing international medical work can be overcome when efforts are guided by a few specific principles, such as those we have outlined.

A Program for Congregation-Based Short-Term International Evangelistic Campaigns

A Program for Congregation-Based Short-Term International Evangelistic Campaigns

Understanding Globalization through Short-Term International Field Experiences

The process of globalization is contested terrain across the globe. Social work practice is affected by this process, since globalization has led to a widening of the gap between rich and poor and has increased the number of people living in poverty. Social workers must understand economic globalization in order to be able to contest its effects on our personal and professional lives. This article examines the process of economic globalization. It offers a case example of a short-term international field program, the Sin Fronteras Chile Project, which shows how social work education in the United States can help prepare social workers to be actors in a world affected by economic globalization. It also offers recommendations for strengthening undergraduate social work education, based on students' experiences with Sin Fronteras.

Implications of Short-term International Assignments

Increasingly, multinational companies, faced with cost issues and rising staff immobility, are substituting or complementing traditional expatriate assignments with other types of international assignments. These so-called non-standard international assignments include: short-term, commuter, rotational, contractual and virtual assignments. The most popular form of non-standard assignments continues to be the short-term assignment. However, this important organizational activity has received limited attention compared to the burgeoning literature on traditional expatriate assignments. In this paper, we use data from an exploratory study of 11 large Finnish multinationals to explore aspects relating to short-term international assignments. While there are similarities to traditional long-term assignments, the differences pose special HR challenges.

Short-Term International Medical Service

There are many opportunities for short-term medical service internationally. Prerequisite preparation must include consideration of motivation, flexibility, culturally sensitive health care, and problems in communication and patient approach. Practical considerations require recognizing the importance of choice of locale, lack of materials and equipment, health concerns, travel, and expenses. A reference for opportunities available and a list of articles suggested as supplementary reading are provided.

Short-Term International Medical Service

Short-Term International Medical Service

Planning, Organizing, and Executing Short Term International Exposures for U.S. Students of Marketing and Business: An Alternative Method

This paper discusses issues involved with the creation and offering of short term international study programs. The multi-city programs identified by Gordon and Smith (1992) and Schuster (1993) are examined and compared to a single-city model The alternative model combines a home campus research class with an intensive cultural immersion experience.

Planning, Organizing, and Executing Short Term International Exposures for U.S. Students of Marketing and Business

(1992). Planning, Organizing, and Executing Short Term International Exposures for U.S. Students of Marketing and Business. Marketing Education Review: Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 47-53.

Teachers as Short-Term International Sojourners: Opening Windows on the World

Teachers as Short-Term International Sojourners: Opening Windows on the World

Short-Term International Capital Flows and the Effectiveness of Monetary Policy in an Open Economy: The German Case

Kurzfristige internationale Kapitalbewegungen und die Wirksamkeit der Geldpolitik in einer offenen Wirtschaft - aufgezeigt am Fall Bundesrepublik Deutschland Dieser Beitrag entwickelt ein Modell, um die Fähigkeiten einer Währungsbehörde in einer offenen Wirtschaft zu bestimmen, diskretionären Einfluß auf die inländische monetäre Basis bei einem System fester Wechselkurse auszuüben. Eine vereinfachte Gleichung wurde von dem Modell abgeleitet und dient zur direkten Schätzung der Auswirkungen geldpolitischer Eingriffe auf Kapitalbewegungen mittels Veränderungen in der inländischen Mindestreserve. Dem Modell liegt die Annahme zugrunde, daß in einer Periode kurzfristigen Kapitalmarkgleichgewichts eine Veränderung im inländischen Kreditnachfrageüberschuß, die durch eine Veränderung der Bankenliquidität verursacht wird, sich in Kapitalströme niederschlägt, da Inländer zwischen ausländischen und inländischen Finanzaktiva und -passiva in ihrem Wertpapierbestand substituieren. Diese Veränderungen in den heimischen Wertpapierbeständen treten wahrscheinlich vor den Veränderungen zwischen Rentenwerten, Geldbeständen und Gütern auf. Das Modell wurde für die deutsche Wirtschaft für den Zeitraum von November 1962 bis Mai 1971 angewandt. Danach übernahm die Bundesrepublik Deutschland das System flexibler Wechselkurse. Monatliche Daten wurden bei der empirischen Berechnung des Modells zugrunde gelegt. Da ein wichtiges Instrument deutscher Geldpolitik - nämlich die Veränderung der Mindestreserveanforderungen institutionell nur am 1. eines jeden Monats zum Einsatz kommt, kann der Gebrauch monatlicher Daten das Problem des Simultangleichungs- Bias zwischen den geldpolitischen Veränderungen in der Geldbasis und den daraus resultierenden kurzfristigen Kapitalströmen lösen helfen. Monatliche Daten sind auch besser als Quartalsdaten für den Beweis der Wirkungsdichtung zwischen Kapitalströmen und geldpolitischen Veränderungen der Geldbasis geeignet. Die empirischen Ergebnisse dieses Beitrages zeigen, daß Reaktionen der kurzfristigen internationalen Kapitalbewegungen auf geldpolitische Veränderungen in der Kapitalbasis größenteils innerhalb eines Monats beendet sind, und daß solche Kapitalströme reagieren, um zumindest 57 bis 59 Prozent der geldpolitischen Veränderungen der Geldbasis auszugleichen. Da der Ausgleich nicht vollständig ist, werden die deutschen Währungsbehörden durch die kurzfristigen internationalen Geldströme nicht daran gehindert, eine unabhängige Geldpolitik in einem System fester Wechselkurse zu verfolgen, obgleich es möglich ist, daß gelegentliche Neubewertungen dann vorgenommen werden müssen, wenn diese Unabhängigkeit nur aufrecht erhalten werden kann, wenn es weitverbreitete Erwartungen einer Paritätsänderung gibt.

Der kurzfristige internationale kapitalverkehr der kreditinstitute der Bundes-republik Deutschland 1960–1970

Short-term International Capital Movements in the German Federal Republic’s Credit Institutions from 1960 to 1970 — An Econometric Approach.-The attempt is made in this paper to analyse the factors determining the shortterm international assets and liabilities of the Federal German credit institutions for the period from July 1960 to March 1970, and at the same time to quantify the force of their influence.