Short-term Intensive Intervention Research Articles

취학계층 아동의 기초학력 증진을 위한 교육 중재 프로그램 참여효과 연구

Objectives This study aimed to analyze the variations in the impact of an educational intervention program de-signed to enhance basic academic skills among vulnerable elementary school students. The analysis considered factors such as weekly participation frequency and grade. The primary goal was to gather evidence for assessing performance and enhancing the program, ultimately improving participation outcomes.
 Methods Using the BASA test results (reading, writing, and mathematics) of 173 elementary school students who participated in the basic academic intervention program at the City Dream Start Center A in Gyeonggi Province from 2016 to 2022, we conducted a pre-post test difference analysis (t-test), a covariance analysis based on weekly participation frequency (1 and 2 sessions), and Analysis of Covariance(ANCOVA) based on grade level (1st-2nd grade, 3rd-4th grade, and 5th-6th grade).
 Results Children who participated in the basic academic intervention program showed the following results: Firstly, based on weekly participation frequency, higher effects were observed in reading and mathematics when participating twice a week compared to participating once a week. Secondly, based on grade level, reading showed higher effects in 3rd-4th, and 5th- 6th grades compared to 1st-2nd grades, while mathematics showed higher effects in 1st-2nd grades compared to 3rd-4th grades. However, there were no significant differences in writing based on participation frequency and grade level.
 Conclusions According to these findings, educational intervention programs conducted on a one-on-one basis for vulnerable elementary students need to consider individualized tailored lessons. Therefore, it is necessary to differentiate between short-term intensive interventions and long-term systematic interventions, considering the students' weak subjects and grade levels. Also, the development of diagnostic methods and the restructuring of the curriculum are required to enhance participation outcomes.

Targeting treatment-resistant effects of trauma for promoting social adjustment: An intervention mapping protocol augmented by empirical pilot studies.

Interventions that are successful in improving posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are not necessarily effective for promoting social adjustment of traumatized individuals. The lack of specific evidence-based interventions for treatment-resistant effects of trauma on social adjustment is an important research gap. This study proposes the protocol of a theory-and evidence-based intervention based on a series of literature reviews, meta-analytical and pilot mixed methods studies. The intervention mapping protocol was utilized to develop a short-term intensive intervention for social adjustment of young adults with a history of trauma. The process of intervention mapping consists of 6 steps: (1) explaining the logic and needs for the intervention, (2) determining change objectives, (3) selecting effective theory/evidence-based strategies, (4) developing the protocol of the intervention, (5) planning for intervention implementation, (6) planning for evaluation strategies. Following the intervention mapping protocol and the results of our empirical pilot studies, we developed an integrative short-term intervention (consisting of approximately 20 sessions). The main purpose of this intervention is to rebuild the psychological capacities of social adjustment that have been impaired due to experiencing trauma. We introduced a plan to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of the intervention with the flexibility for further development and tailoring. Based on preliminary evaluation, the intervention is feasible to be implemented within regular mental health services for youth with a trauma history. The preliminary intervention protocol needs further testing and modification through rigorous evaluation.

Remission of Type 2 Diabetes Following a Short-term Intensive Intervention With Insulin Glargine, Sitagliptin, and Metformin: Results of an Open-label Randomized Parallel-Design Trial.

The aim of the study was to evaluate remission of type 2 diabetes following a short-term intervention with insulin glargine, sitagliptin/metformin, and lifestyle approaches. In this open multicenter trial, 102 patients with type 2 diabetes were randomized to 1) a 12-week intervention with sitagliptin/metformin, insulin glargine, and lifestyle therapy or 2) control group. Participants with HbA1c <7.3% (<56 mmol/mol) at 12 weeks were asked to stop diabetes medications and were followed for evidence of relapse over 52 weeks. Diabetes relapse criteria included HbA1c ≥6.5% (≥48 mmol/mol), ≥50% of capillary glucose readings >10 mmol/L over 1 week, and reinitiation of diabetes medications with or without abnormal fasting plasma glucose (FPG) or 2-h plasma glucose on an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Time-to-relapse analysis was conducted to compare the treatment groups with (primary analysis) and without (supplementary analysis) FPG/OGTT relapse criteria. With the FPG/OGTT relapse criteria included, the hazard ratio (HR) of relapse was 0.72 (95% CI 0.47-1.10) in the intervention group compared with the control group (primary analysis), and the number of participants remaining in remission was not significantly different between treatment groups at 24, 36, 48, and 64 weeks. In the supplementary analyses without these criteria, HR of relapse was 0.60 (95% CI 0.39-0.95), and the number of participants remaining in remission was significantly higher (26 vs. 10%) in the intervention group at 36 weeks. Although our primary outcome was not statistically significant, the tested approach deserves further study with further optimization of its components.

Intensive Training with Virtual Reality on Mobility in Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy-Single Subject Design.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of a short-term intensive virtual reality intervention in adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP). Methods: Single-subject design, type A–B-follow-up, with four participants (P) with CP, 15–18 years, GMFCS level II. A two-week intervention phase was performed with twelve Nintendo® Wii games in six sessions (90 min) per week. Outcome variables were semi-static balance (Pressure Center Oscillation—PCO), gait speed (Ten Meter Walk Test at usual speed—TMWT-U; and fast speed—TMWT-F), mobility (Timed Up and Go test—TUG), endurance (sit-to-stand test 5 times—STS-5), and gross motor activity (Gross Motor Function Measure—GMFM). Results: Statistical improvements were observed in GMFM-D (P2–P3), TMWT-F (P2–P3–P4) and TMWT-U (P2), STS-5 (P3–P4), TUG (P3), and PCO (P2–P3), assessed by level, trend, latency, and visual inspection to analyze change. Conclusions: This study shows that a short-term intensive intervention using Nintendo® Wii-based games in adolescents, GMFCS level II, can be an effective therapy, leading to some recovery of functioning in these young people.

Remission of Type 2 Diabetes Following a Short-term Intervention With Insulin Glargine, Metformin, and Dapagliflozin.

To examine diabetes remission following a short-term intensive metabolic intervention combining lifestyle and glucose-lowering approaches. We conducted an open-label, randomized controlled trial in 154 patients with type 2 diabetes up to 8 years in duration on 0 to 2 glucose-lowering medications. Participants were randomized to (a) a 12-week intensive intervention comprising lifestyle approaches and treatment with insulin glargine, metformin, and dapagliflozin or (b) standard diabetes care. At 12 weeks, diabetes medications were discontinued in participants with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C) < 7.3% (56 mmol/mol). Participants were then followed for diabetes relapse until 64 weeks. The primary outcome was complete or partial diabetes remission (HbA1C < 6.5% [48 mmol/mol] off chronic diabetes drugs) at 24 weeks. Main secondary outcomes were complete or partial diabetes remission at 36, 48, and 64 weeks. The primary outcome was achieved in 19 (24.7%) intervention group participants and 13 (16.9%) control group participants at 24 weeks (relative risk [RR] 1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8-2.7). The relative risks of remission at 36, 48, and 64 weeks were 2.4 (95% CI, 1.2-5.0), 2.1 (95% CI, 1.0-4.4), and 1.8 (95% CI, 0.7-4.7), respectively. In an exploratory analysis, the intervention reduced the hazard of diabetes relapse with overt hyperglycemia by 43% (hazard ratio 0.57; 95% CI, 0.39-0.81). Our primary outcome of diabetes remission at 24 weeks was not statistically significantly different. However, our overall results suggest that some patients with early type 2 diabetes are able to achieve sustained diabetes remission following a short-term intensive intervention. Further studies are needed to optimize the combined therapeutic approach used.

Long term weight maintenance after advice to consume low carbohydrate, higher protein diets – A systematic review and meta analysis

BackgroundMeta analysis of short term trials indicates that a higher protein, lower carbohydrate weight loss diet enhances fat mass loss and limits lean mass loss compared with a normal protein weight loss diet. Whether this benefit persists long term is not clear. Methods and resultsWe selected weight loss studies in adults with at least a 12 month follow up in which a higher percentage protein/lower carbohydrate diet was either planned or would be expected for either weight loss or weight maintenance. Studies were selected regardless of the success of the advice but difference in absolute and percentage protein intake at 12 months was used as a moderator in the analysis. Data was analysed using Comprehensive Meta analysis V2 using a random effects analysis. As many as 32 studies with 3492 individuals were analysed with data on fat and lean mass, glucose and insulin from 18 to 22 studies and lipids from 28 studies. A recommendation to consume a lower carbohydrate, higher protein diet in mostly short term intensive interventions with long term follow up was associated with better weight and fat loss but the effect size was small-standardised means of 0.14 and 0.22, p = 0.008 and p < 0.001 respectively (equivalent to 0.4 kg for both). A difference of 5% or greater in percentage protein between diets at 12mo was associated with a 3 fold greater effect size compared with <5% (p = 0.038) in fat mass (0.9 vs. 0.3 kg). Fasting triglyceride and insulin were also lower with high protein diets with effect sizes of 0.17 and 0.22, p = 0.003 and p = 0.042 respectively. Other lipids and glucose were not different. ConclusionThe short term benefit of higher protein diets appears to persist to a small degree long term. Benefits are greater with better compliance to the diet.

Importância da orientação nutricional e do teor de fibras da dieta no controle glicêmico de pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 sob intervenção educacional intensiva

To evaluate the importance of nutritional counseling within a set of multidisciplinary interventions. Forty-seven patients with type 2 diabetes and hyperglycemia (A1C ≥ 8%), treated conventionally (n = 19, GC) or intensively in six weekly visits (n = 28, GI) were analyzed. We evaluated mean weekly blood glucose (MWG) at baseline and after 6 weeks in both groups. GI reduced caloric (p = 0.001), carbohydrate (p = 0.004), and fat (p = 0.001) intake, and increased fiber consumption, while GC reduced fiber intake (p = 0.018). Glycemic control (MWG ≤ 150 mg/dL) occurred in 75% of GI patients and in 31.6% of CG patients (p = 0.003), with negative correlation between changes in fiber intake and MWG values (r =-0.309; P = 0.035). Results were maintained after 12 weeks. Educational short-term intensive intervention was more effective than conventional treatment to achieve glycemic control. Our results also indicate that a more appropriate fiber content in the diet contributes for better blood glucose control in these patients.