Targeting treatment-resistant effects of trauma for promoting social adjustment: An intervention mapping protocol augmented by empirical pilot studies.

Abstract

Interventions that are successful in improving posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are not necessarily effective for promoting social adjustment of traumatized individuals. The lack of specific evidence-based interventions for treatment-resistant effects of trauma on social adjustment is an important research gap. This study proposes the protocol of a theory-and evidence-based intervention based on a series of literature reviews, meta-analytical and pilot mixed methods studies. The intervention mapping protocol was utilized to develop a short-term intensive intervention for social adjustment of young adults with a history of trauma. The process of intervention mapping consists of 6 steps: (1) explaining the logic and needs for the intervention, (2) determining change objectives, (3) selecting effective theory/evidence-based strategies, (4) developing the protocol of the intervention, (5) planning for intervention implementation, (6) planning for evaluation strategies. Following the intervention mapping protocol and the results of our empirical pilot studies, we developed an integrative short-term intervention (consisting of approximately 20 sessions). The main purpose of this intervention is to rebuild the psychological capacities of social adjustment that have been impaired due to experiencing trauma. We introduced a plan to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of the intervention with the flexibility for further development and tailoring. Based on preliminary evaluation, the intervention is feasible to be implemented within regular mental health services for youth with a trauma history. The preliminary intervention protocol needs further testing and modification through rigorous evaluation.