Short-term Experience Research Articles

Creating International Student Experiences Through Academic-INGO Partnerships.

Short-term experiences in global health (STEGH) provide nursing students with opportunities to develop global health competencies through immersion in another culture. Skills that students obtain by participating in STEGHs can inform future practice with diverse patient populations. However, educators encounter unique challenges to the quality and sustainability of STEGHs. This article describes an academic partnership between a baccalaureate nursing program and a community-based international nongovernmental organization (INGO), how the partnership informed development of STEGH for nursing students, the benefits of the program for students and community, and the lessons learned through the process. Academic-INGO partnerships provide unique benefits for creating sustainable, rigorous STEGHs that are informed and guided by the needs of the hosting community. By partnering with community-based INGOs, faculty can design STEGHs that offer robust learning opportunities that facilitate the development of global health competencies while providing thoughtful, sustainable outreach for communities.

Combined Utero-Ovarian and Round Ligament Oophoropexy for Recurrent Torsion of Normal Adnexa: A Case Series

Recurrent torsion of otherwise normal adnexa (not involving adnexal cysts) has been reported in young girls and adolescents. Previous ovarian fixation techniques (oophoropexy) such as plication of the utero-ovarian ligament appear to have limited efficacy in preventing recurrent torsion. A novel technique combining plication of the utero-ovarian ligament and suturing of the ovary to the round ligament has been recently described. In this study, we describe our short-term experience with the combined utero-ovarian and round ligament oophoropexy technique. Patients who underwent combined oophoropexy as a primary fixation technique or as a secondary fixation technique (i.e, after failure of a previous fixation) due to recurrent torsion of otherwise normal adnexa between January 2020 and December 2022 were included in this retrospective cohort study. Follow-up to assess for further torsion events was conducted by telephone interview. Ten patients underwent combined utero-ovarian and round ligament oophoropexy during the study period. In all cases, at least two episodes of torsion of otherwise normal adnexa were surgically diagnosed before oophoropexy (range, 2-4). The median patients' age at time of the combined oophoropexy was 21.8 years (range, 9.1 - 35.7 years), 3 were pre-menarchal and 7 were post-menarchal. After a median follow up of 19.1 months (range, 3.0 - 29.3 months), only one case of recurrent torsion occurred. Combined utero-ovarian and round ligament oophoropexy is novel oophoropexy procedure which may reduce the risk of recurrent torsion. However, longer follow-up is needed to determine its efficacy.

‘Send everyone, it’s my son’ – Combined Glaserian grounded theory and thematic analysis of paramedics attending their own families

Introduction Medical clinicians treating relatives is ethically complex; in paramedicine, the time-critical nature of pathologies often precludes alternative treatment without risking morbidity or mortality. Aims This project had three aims: firstly, to retrieve baseline data for thematic analysis on the experiences of paramedics who have attended their own families; secondly, to generate explanatory grounded theory; and finally, to translate these findings into recommendations for practice. Methods Glaserian grounded theory and thematic analysis methods were both undertaken using a realist perspective. Acquiescence, wording, and habituation heuristics were mitigated in the interview design. There were 44 responses ( n = 93 instances of treating family), with 21 participants ( n = 34) from three countries interviewed. Saturation was determined using both Guest et al.'s and Thorne's criterion. Semantic and latent themes were generated inductively via a five-step process, with grounded theory generated simultaneously via a three-step Glaserian process. Cohen's kappa ranged from 0.82 to 0.93. Results Incidents were both traumatic (hangings, stabbings, traumatic arrests) and medical (paediatric arrests, cardiac arrests, overdoses). The core concept-category was ‘conflict between the roles of clinician and relative’. Paramedics reported a sympathetic hyperarousal response that they quickly suppressed, a rapid transition into ‘work mode’, and difficulty obtaining their normal state of flow, balancing dual roles as clinician and relative, transitioning out of work mode and into becoming a carer, and simultaneously processing the event. Organisational responses were frequently described as inadequate. Paramedics reported short-term experiences consistent with an acute stress response, and a large proportion suffered long-term, life-altering consequences. It is theorised that this phenomenon disrupts professional detachment, increases outcome self-expectations, interrupts normal routines, and promotes overmedicalisation. Conclusion This research provides baseline data and theory on the experiences of paramedics attending their own families. Five themes and 24 subthemes were identified, an explanatory theorem proposed, and a preliminary set of eight recommendations for translation into practice provided.

Understanding the Process of Drug Addiction Recovery Through First-Hand Experiences: A Qualitative Study in the Netherlands Using Lifeline Interviews.

Understandings of drug addiction recovery are still being debated. Research on perspectives from first-hand experiences with recovery is rare and often contains short-term experiences in the context of a treatment setting. We aim to gain further understanding of recovery by analyzing autobiographical data from persons in different stages of drug addiction recovery who are not linked to any specific treatment service. We conducted 30 in-depth qualitative interviews with participants from various parts of the Netherlands. Participants self-identified as being "in recovery" or "recovered" from drug addiction for at least 3months. Men and women are equally represented, and the sample consists of an equal number of participants in early (<1year, n = 10), sustained (1-5years, n = 10), and stable (>5years, n = 10) recovery. We undertook a data-driven thematic analysis. Participants described that recovery is a broad process of change because addiction is interwoven with everything (theme 1); that recovery is reconsidering identity, seeing things in a new light (theme 2); that recovery is a staged long-term process (theme 3); and that universal life processes are part of recovery (theme 4). Thus, Drug addiction recovery is experienced as an interwoven long-term process, including identity change and common or universal life processes. Policy and clinical practice should therefore be aimed at supporting long-term tailored recovery goals and disseminating first-hand recovery experiences to enhance long-term outcomes and reduce stigmatization.

Effects of International Student Mobility on Post-Graduation Decisions: Evidence from Chinese Academic and Vocational Graduates

Scientific and technological development has brought greater demands for both general and skilled talents, which sets higher requirements for talent cultivation in higher education. As a vital component of higher education internationalization, international student mobility (ISM) is playing an increasingly important role in talent cultivation and supply. Using data from the Chinese National Graduate Sample Survey (CNGSS), this study explored whether ISM affects general and skilled talents’ post-graduation decisions. Due to the substantial differences in the content and form of ISM, the heterogeneous effects of ISM duration and the host institution's ranking were further analyzed. The results showed that ISM helped general talents receive further education and helped skilled talents find employment. Furthermore, for general talents, short-term experiences had a greater impact on pursuing advanced education than long-term ISM, while for skilled talents, long-term experiences had a greater impact on finding employment.

Structural and clinical changes in previously treated type 1 macular neovascularization in non-responder AMD eyes switched to brolucizumab.

To examine structural and clinical changes in previously treated type 1 macular neovascularization (MNV) in non-responder age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) eyes switched to brolucizumab. Subretinal hyper-reflective material (SHRM), intraretinal (IRF) and subretinal fluid (SRF) presence, fibrovascular-pigment epithelium detachment (PED) height and central macular thickness (CMT) variation were analyzed using optical coherence tomography (OCT). In this prospective study all patients underwent a complete ophthalmological evaluation including structural OCT at baseline (T0), one month (T1), three (T2), four (T3) and six months after switching to brolucizumab treatment (T4). Non-responder criterion was the persistence of IRF and SRF. Moreover, CMT and BCVA had shown worsening or no improvement before switching to brolucizumab. Clinical function and structural activity biomarkers were measured at each visit and changes were analyzed. P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Twenty eyes of twenty patients were enrolled. All the structural variables examined during the follow-up showed significant reductions. Decreases in IRF, SRF and PED were already significant at T1 (p < 0.05). SHRM was significantly reduced at T2 (p < 0.05). Structural biomarkers were absent at T3. At T4, all biomarkers remained stable while SHRM was no longer detectable in 18 patients. Changes in visual acuity from baseline to T4 were not significant. This short-term experience highlights that brolucizumab might be considered an effective treatment option in nAMD with type 1 MNV, as it can promote a reduction of structural activity biomarkers.

Mentoring is not “Short-Term”: effective continuing mentoring strategies for undergraduate short-term summer program participants after the research experience

Short-term summer research experiences are a “crash-course” in unique research and mentoring opportunities. Mentoring by research faculty is a key component to short-term summer undergraduate research experiences through laboratory training, one-on-one mentoring, and overall engagement in the program. Faculty members also encourage retention of these scholars in research areas. However, continuing mentorship beyond the brevity of the experience is often difficult for both the faculty mentor and the mentee, particularly if they are at different institutions. The UAB kidney, urology, and non-malignant hematology (KUH) undergraduate research experience (KURE) has been active since 2014 and since 2018 as an NIH-funded R25 Program focused on kidney research and interdisciplinary KUH experiences. UAB KURE has trained over 99 scholars (33% underrepresented in biomedical sciences) in individualized kidney physiology and pathophysiology research as well as clinical experiences. The KURE scholars were individually matched with a faculty mentor and daily supervisors or near peers to support the project and research experience. Over 32 UAB faculty members have mentored a KURE scholar in this short-term experience with 72% (23 of 32) faculty members being a mentor for 2 or more summer experiences. Many in the UAB KURE cohorts have developed a strong bond with the mentor and KUH community at UAB. Those scholars continue in research either at a distance or in future summers, a number return as gap year interns, and many are in communication for future career direction or support. This on-going mentoring and engagement with KURE Scholars as a near peer and a faculty mentor requires time and focus. Determining the most effective means and resources to continue mentoring summer scholars in the long-term is an important consideration. Continual mentoring of summer undergraduate KURE scholars has a critical impact in retaining these scholars and increasing the diversity of researchers and clinicians in the KUH larger community. Through one-on-one qualitative interviews and quantitative survey analysis, we investigated the key aspects of ongoing mentoring of short-term research scholars. We will present methods, metrics, and models for ongoing mentoring, as well as the complex nature and significance of this ongoing mentoring after the summer experience to those scholars who are underrepresented in medicine. Funded by R25 DK115353 This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Do Experiences of Success and Failure Influence Beliefs about Inequality? Evidence from Selective University Admission

Previous research suggests that beliefs about inequality are often biased in ways that serve people’s own interests. By contrast, people might uphold system-justifying beliefs, such as meritocratic beliefs. We test these assumptions against real-life experience of highly selective university admission. Using panel data on German medical school applicants allows us to measure belief changes through experiences of success or failure in admission. We find support that self-serving bias in beliefs outweighs the motivation for system justification: success strengthens the belief that admission depends on effort, while failure reinforces the belief that admission depends on luck. These patterns partly manifest themselves in beliefs about societal inequality. Additionally, we argue that previous experiences (long-term experiences of social upbringing and short-term experiences in university admissions) provide a frame for new experiences, examine respective effect heterogeneity, and discuss implications of our findings of diverging paths in inequality beliefs of winners and losers for the persistence of inequality.

Reconceptualizing Kolb’s Learning Cycle as Episodic and Lifelong

Kolb’s experiential learning cycle is typically applied in short-term, episodic snapshots of time, while understating the implications of continual, longer-term learning. This fixed-frame, episodic usage may diminish the knowledge that learners bring into an educational experience and the continued shaping of knowledge through future experiences. Thus, the purpose of this conceptual article is to explore how Kolb’s experiential learning cycle is currently utilized and to propose a reconceptualized model that emphasizes learning as a continuous process rather than a fixed mode of learning. A model that merges episodic and lifelong could aid practitioners and researchers in recognizing prior and future learning cycles outside of time-bound, structured learning. This research has implications for practice as the model can be used to address prior learning students are bringing with them, learning during the experience, and further transforming this learning beyond that of a short-term experience. Future research is recommended to explore prior and future learning based on this model as a metacognitive tool to prepare learners before engaging in an experience. Describing the learning process through the lens of experiential learning prior to an experience has the potential to develop a growth mindset in learners, in turn increasing self-efficacy.

Plen kak faktor vzrosleniya

The article is devoted to the fate of mountain children who found themselves in Russian captivity after the storming of rebellious villages. As a rule, children were left with their parents, who also found themselves in captivity. But there were orphans who were left without parents. When such children found themselves in the hands of Russian troops, their fate was decided at the legislative level. These legislative norms were first formulated at the level of the highest decrees in 1840 and subsequently repeatedly corrected. According to these norms, girls and boys who were orphaned were placed either in military cantonist schools or in a Moscow Orphanage. The main goal of this policy was not only to save children, but also their cultural and social adaptation. As archival documents show, this was a very short-term experience, which was abandoned in the second half of the 1850s.

Tocilizumab for treatment of chronic active antibody-mediated rejection in kidney transplant recipients.

The optimal treatment for chronic active antibody-mediated rejection (ca-AMR) remains unclear. Tocilizumab (TCZ), a monoclonal antibody against IL-6, has been proposed as a therapeutic option. We reported our experience treating ca-AMR with TCZ either as the first line option or as a rescue therapy. We studied 11 adult kidney transplant recipients with biopsy-proven ca-AMR and preserved kidney function (eGFR 57 ± 18) who were treated with TCZ (8 mg/kg IV monthly). All biopsies were prompted by abnormal surveillance biomarker testing with DSA and/or dd-cfDNA. Clinical monitoring included dd-cfDNA and DSA testing every 3 months during the treatment with TCZ. In this cohort, ca-AMR was diagnosed at a median of 90 months (range 14-224) post-transplant, and 4 of 11 patients had DSA negative ca-AMR. Patients received a minimum of 3 months of TCZ, with 6 patients receiving at least 12 months of TCZ. Dd-cfDNA was elevated in all patients, with a median 2.24% at the start of TCZ treatment. After 6 months of TCZ treatment, 8/11 patients had dd- cfDNA <1%, and 3/11 had values <0.5%. Among those who completed at least 12 months of TCZ, dd-cfDNA decreased by 29% at 6 months (p=.05) and 47% by 12 months (p=.04). DSA also stabilized and, by 12 months, was reduced by 29% (p=.047). Graft function remained stable with no graft loss during treatment. There was a nonsignificant trend towards proteinuria reduction. During the course of treatment with tocilizumab, two patients experienced moderate to severe infections. In our early short-term experience, TCZ appears to reduce graft injury as measured by dd-cfDNA and modulate the immune response as evident by a modest reduction in immunodominant DSA MFI. Allograft function and proteinuria alsostabilized.

Towards an evolutionary approach to learning from assumptions: Lessons from the evaluation of Dancing with Parkinson’s

This paper highlights how learnings from exploring assumptions can be strengthened by taking an evolutionary approach to theory building and analysis. We discuss theory-driven evaluation applied to a community-based intervention implemented by Dancing With Parkinson’s in Toronto, Canada, targeting Parkinson’s disease (PD), a neurodegenerative condition affecting movement. A major gap in the literature is understanding the mechanisms by which dance might make a difference in the daily lives of people living with PD. This study was an early exploratory evaluation to better understand mechanisms and short-term outcomes. Conventional thinking generally favors “permanent” over “transitory” changes, and “long-term” over “short-term” effects. Yet, for people living with degenerative conditions (and also people experiencing chronic pain and other chronic symptoms), transitory and short-term changes may be highly valued and welcomed relief. In order to study and link multiple longitudinal events to explore key linkages in the theory of change, we piloted the use of diaries, with brief entries filled out daily by participants. The aim was to better understand the short-term experiences of participants using their daily routines as a means of learning about potential mechanisms, what matters to participants, and to see if small effects could be observed on days when participants danced versus days when they did not dance and also longitudinally over several months. Our initial theoretical stance began with a view of dance as exercise and the well-established benefits of exercise; yet, we explored through the diary data collected, as well as client interviews and literature review, potential other mechanisms of dancing (such as group interaction, touch, stimulation by the music, and esthetics including “feeling lovely”). This paper does not develop a full, comprehensive theory of dance but moves towards a more comprehensive view that locates dance within the routine activities of participants’ daily lives. We argue that given the challenges of evaluating complex interventions comprising multiple, interacting components, there is a need for an evolutionary learning process to understand heterogeneities in mechanisms -- what works for whom -- when faced with knowledge incompleteness in the theory of change.

Short-Term (6 Weeks) Experience of a Modular Workcell for Hemostasis Testing Including an Intelligent Data Manager at a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Modular workcells could be a better solution than total laboratory automation (TLA) in hemostasis laboratories. Here, we evaluated the impact of implementing a modular workcell (HemoCell) with an intelligent data management facility (HemoHub). We compared the turnaround times (TATs), numbers of rerun samples, and rerun times pre- and postimplementation of the HemoCell at Gil Medical Center. Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), D-dimer, and fibrinogen were evaluated. The TAT standard deviations (SDs) and maximum TAT values decreased after HemoCell implementation, although the mean TATs for PT, aPTT, and D-dimer were increased. Numbers of rerun samples were increased (18.1/day vs 44.7/day). However, rerun times were reduced, and SDs were decreased during the post-HemoCell period compared with pre-HemoCell. Additionally, technologists needed smaller working space and less labor. The modular workcell could improve quality and efficiency by providing more consistent TATs and shorter rerun times in the hemostasis laboratory.

Surgeon experience in glioblastoma surgery of the elderly—a multicenter, retrospective cohort study

PurposeTo assess the impact of individual surgeon experience on overall survival (OS), extent of resection (EOR) and surgery-related morbidity in elderly patients with glioblastoma (GBM), we performed a retrospective case-by-case analysis.MethodsGBM patients aged ≥ 65 years who underwent tumor resection at two academic centers were analyzed. The experience of each neurosurgeon was quantified in three ways: (1) total number of previously performed glioma surgeries (lifetime experience); (2) number of surgeries performed in the previous five years (medium-term experience) and (3) in the last two years (short-term experience). Surgeon experience data was correlated with survival (OS) and surrogate parameters for surgical quality (EOR, morbidity).Results198 GBM patients (median age 73.0 years, median preoperative KPS 80, IDH-wildtype status 96.5%) were included. Median OS was 10.0 months (95% CI 8.0–12.0); median EOR was 89.4%. Surgery-related morbidity affected 19.7% patients. No correlations of lifetime surgeon experience with OS (P = .693), EOR (P = .693), and surgery-related morbidity (P = .435) were identified. Adjuvant therapy was associated with improved OS (P < .001); patients with surgery-related morbidity were less likely to receive adjuvant treatment (P = .002). In multivariable testing, adjuvant therapy (P < .001; HR = 0.064, 95%CI 0.028–0.144) remained the only significant predictor for improved OS.ConclusionLess experienced neurosurgeons achieve similar surgical results and outcome in elderly GBM patients within the setting of academic teaching hospitals. Adjuvant treatment and avoidance of surgery-related morbidity are crucial for generating a treatment benefit for this cohort.

SUBCUTANEOUS INFLIXIMAB IN REFRACTORY CROHN'S DISEASE PATIENTS AFTER THE MULTIPLE TREATMENT FAILURES - SHORT TREATMENT OUTCOMES

Abstract BACKGROUND Subcutaneous administration of infliximab shows an increased benefit in terms of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics effects compared to the intravenous infliximab. The practical question arises whether routine administration in refractory CD patients who have failed prior biological therapy will provide "biobetter" clinical efficacy. AIMS We propose a single center study designed to evaluate SC-IFX treatment outcomes in patients with active CD after the previous failures of other biologicals (TMAbs). Such a refractory CD cohort was chosen because there is currently insufficient appropriate medication therapy available for these patients and the identification of parameters predicting response to SC-IFX treatment could be of great benefit to some of them. PATIENTS &amp; METHODS A total of 32 CD patients were included, with the median age of 34.5 years and median CD duration of 11 years; &amp;gt;90% of them with stricturing and/or penetrating disease behavior, &amp;gt;80% with ileocolic involvement, and about 40% with the active perianal disease. Eighteen of 32 patients (56%) have failed on ≥3 previous TMAbs, the rest on 2 previous TMAbs. Twenty (62.5%) of n = 32 have had IV-IFX in past; in this sub-cohort, 85% of patients have positive anti-IFX antibodies (ATI). In ATI-positive sub-cohort, induction of SC-IFX was realized with four 120 mg SC doses weekly. Two induction IV infusions of 5 mg/kg IFX were administered in 2-week intervals in ATI-negative sub-cohort. Maintenance treatment in whole cohort consisted of 120 mg SC IFX bi-weekly. RESULTS Of the 32 patients, 7 individuals have failed the treatment during the induction phase: one because of heart disease progression, and 6 patients due to delayed hypersensitivity reactions with systemic manifestation. In 25/32 patients who continued their treatment up to W14, the initial median Harvey-Bradshaw index (HBI) of 6 (min 1, max 28) did not decrease significantly within the 14 weeks of treatment (p=0.067). However, both the serum CRP level (p=0.039) and fecal calprotectin level (p=0.027) have shown significant decrease. Median trough IFX levels have increased from 6 μg/mL at W2 to 10 μg/mL at W14 (p&amp;lt;0.001), and median ATI levels dropped from median of 38 ng/mL to 5 ng/mL (p= 0.0004). None of the patients with initial zero ATI levels have shown new ATI formation. Moreover, in 10 of 17 patients (59%) with the initial ATI positivity, ATI serum levels have decreased significantly even to the cut-off levels. The only risk factor for SC-IFX discontinuation before W14 was a high serum levels of ATIs (p &amp;lt; 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our short-term experience with SC-IFX shows the treatment efficacy and tolerability in complicated CD patients after multiple TMAbs failures.The research gap in information about biobetters in patients with IBD must be filled and predictive factors for the response to SC-IFX must be found.

Structural features of ghrelin-producing endocrine cells and their reactive changes after experimental stress

The work is devoted to the analysis of reactive changes in ghrelin-producing endocrine cells (HPEC) in the main areas of production of this regulatory peptide – in the stomach and hypothalamus during modeling of psycho-emotional stress and after replacement therapy. Reactive HPECs in experimental post stress disorder models have not previously been specifically studied. Meanwhile, the practice of modeling stress to establish the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions suggests the feasibility of obtaining new and informative criteria for assessing the degree of its impairment and therapeutic effect. The purpose of the study was to establish quantitative features and reactive changes in the GPEC of the stomach and hypothalamus in a model of psychogenic stress. Material and methods. We studied paraffin sections of the hypothalamus and the mucous membrane of the cardial part of the stomach in four groups of mature male rats. The first group (n=5) consisted of intact rats. The rest of the animals were subjected to a single emotional stress. In the nostrils of animals of two experimental groups (n=5 in each), 12 hours after stress, 20 μg of a solution of ghrelin (GHRL, Tocris, Gr. Brit.) and a peptide antagonist of ghrelin receptors ([D-Lys3]-GHRP-6, Tocris, Gr. Brit.). On the 4th day, animals were selected for the main control group (n=5). The number of endocrinocytes in the lateral part of the nuclei of the arcuate complex was counted over an area of 0,01 mm2, in the fundic glands of the stomach – over an area of 0,015 mm2; the area of endocrinocyte bodies was determined using the Imagescope program (Electronic analysis, Russia). The median, upper and lower quartiles, and the significance of their differences in the compared groups (using the nonparametric Mann–Whitney test) were measured using the GraphPad PRISM 6.0 program (GraphPad Software, USA). Differences were considered significant at p&lt;0,01. Results. During a short-term experience of psychogenic stress, the number of viable gastric and hypothalamic HPECs decreased by 2,5 and 3,8 times (respectively; p&lt;0.001), and their body area decreased by 1,5 and 1,6 times (p&lt;0,001). Pharmacological methods of correction did not significantly affect these parameters of HPEC (p&gt;0,05).

Short-term experience of intravitreal brolucizumab in treatment of diabetic macular edema

This study examines the efficacy and safety of brolucizumab in the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME) in real clinical practice in the Russian Federation. The study included 14 consecutive treatment-naïve DME patients, among them 7 males and 7 females (21 eyes in total) with mean age of 65.1±8.0 years. Patients underwent standard ophthalmological examination and multimodal imaging, including optical coherence tomography. All patients received intravitreal injections of brolucizumab every 6 weeks. A total of 73 injections were performed. A data analysis was performed for 10 eyes of 10 patients 6 months after initiation of the treatment. After 4 injections of brolucizumab, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) increased statistically significantly from 35.8±13.7 to 41.5±11.9 ETDRS letters (p=0.03), central retinal thickness (CRT) and macular volume (MV) decreased from 411.5±107.4 to 280.2±64.6 microns (p=0.014) and from 7.39±0.92 to 6.16±7.37 mm3 (p=0.0006), respectively. The average gain of visual acuity was 5.7±7.0 letters, average decrease of CRT was -131.3±91.2, and average decrease of MV was -1.21±0.75 mm3. There were no adverse events associated with intraocular inflammation. Intravitreal injections of brolucizumab provide significant anatomical and functional improvement to DME patients in real clinical practice with results comparable to that of randomized clinical trials.

Реставрация матрицы традиционного сознания в России: возможности и перспективы

The article deals with the topical socio-philosophical and socio-anthropological problem of restoration of the matrix of traditional consciousness in modern Russian society. With the help of structural and functional analysis of Russian traditional consciousness and socio-anthropological model of 10 degrees of freedom as autonomy the system of basic practical principles is presented. These principles are actualized precisely in emergency situations and contribute to the reduction of the degree of freedom of the whole society. Restoration of the matrix of traditional consciousness becomes a complicated, dialectical problem for the Russian power (“paternal”) vertical, since it requires a significant restriction of opportunities for free self-realization of most citizens and even comes into conflict with the basic values of the “mother vertical” - preservation and continuation of the race. The long-term presence of society in such forced tension can cause social upheaval, while the short-term experience of an emergency situation suggests the development of ways of ideological adaptation in the form of such practical attitudes as “moderate fatalism,” “personal non-resistance to evil,” “harmony with nature” and “I can be useful to others. These attitudes allow us to build our own variable model of adaptation to the sharp decrease in the degree of personal and social freedom and to preserve the inner potential for a further return to a full creative life. The article also considers the possible prospects of the modern implementation of the updated principles of the matrix of traditional consciousness, and identifies the most problematic and dangerous trends.

Значение системы нейропептида грелина в механизмах адаптации после экспериментального стресса

The work is devoted to the analysis of indicators of the reactivity of the ghrelin system in the model of psychogenic stress. In recent years, it has been shown that the significance of the ghrelin system of the brain is not limited to the regulaexperience is expressed by erosive inflammation of the mucous membrane, the death of many mucous cells, as well as an increase in the degree of mucoid cell differentiation of exocrinocytes. Along with other peptide regulatory systems, it plays an important role in the mechanisms of stress, reinforcement and addiction. Therefore, it is advisable to consider the elements of this system, first of all, as molecular targets of pharmacological action in order to correct the states of addiction and post-stress disorders. Using histological, immunohistochemical and morphometric methods, reactive changes in ghrelin-producing endocrinocytes of the stomach and hypothalamus, as well as elements of the inner part of the gastric mucosa, were established in the model of psychogenic stress and after replacement therapy. The short-term experience of psychogenic stress in the experimental model is expressed by persistent degenerative changes in GPEC (ghrelin-producing endocrine cells), erosive inflammation of the gastric mucosa, the death of many mucous cells, and an increase in mucus production in viable epithelial cells. Neuropeptide regulatory systems (ghrelin, kisspeptins, orexins, dynorphin, and others) are increasingly involved in physiological and pharmacological experiments on modeling the development of an organism at different levels of its organization and a number of major functional disorders (memory, satiety, stress, addictions).

MEASURING PERSONALITY IN DAILY LIFE: EVIDENCE FROM AN AGE-HETEROGENEOUS ADULT SAMPLE

Abstract Research on personality has theorized that repeated short-term experiences can lead to changes in personality traits across years or decades. Whereas much research on these short-term experiences relevant to personality has been done in samples of college students, this study intended to measure personality-relevant short-term experiences among an age-heterogeneous sample of adults. As part the Effects of Stress on Cognitive Aging, Physiology, and Emotions study, 260 participants (Mage=46.49 years, range=25-65 years) completed a measure of Big Five personality traits before completing a 14-day ecological momentary assessment (EMA) period during which participants reported their momentary negative and positive thoughts, emotions, and social interactions up to six times per day on study-provided smartphones. We hypothesized that these EMA reports could be used as daily markers of trait extraversion and trait neuroticism such that these daily experiences could be interpreted as manifestations of personality traits in daily life. Results of parallel multilevel confirmatory factor analyses showed good model fit (extraversion: CFI=0.96; TLI=0.95; RMSEA=0.03; neuroticism: CFI=0.95; TLI=0.94; RMSEA=0.04). For both extraversion and neuroticism, the latent trait factor and the latent daily-marker factor were positively correlated (extraversion: r=0.36; SE=0.07; p&amp;lt;.001; neuroticism: r=0.45; SE=0.07; p&amp;lt;.001). Results suggest that among an age-heterogeneous adult sample, momentary thoughts, feelings, and behaviors across a two-week period represented expressions of extraversion and neuroticism in daily life. Measuring these short-term experiences is meaningful for understanding how personality changes across adulthood, and future work can use longitudinal data to test if daily markers of personality are sensitive to fluctuations and changes in personality.