Short Spinning Research Articles

The Effect of Application of Different Doses of Acid Mixture Seed Coating Method on Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Yield and Fiber Technological Characteristics

This study was carried out to determine the effects of different rates of seed coating of an organic acid mixture (citric acid, glutamate, and proline) on the yield and technological characteristics of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Before seeding, cotton seeds were coated with an organic acid mixture product [0.75% citric acid, 0.25% glutamate, 0.25% proline, and 98.75 inert ingredients (water)], in six different doses (500, 1000, 1500, 2000, and 2500 cc) to compare with control (uncoated). Seed cotton yield, fiber yield, plant height, number of monopodial branches, number of sympodial branches, number of nodes of the first fruiting branch, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, boll seed cotton weight, first picking percentage, 100 seeds weight, fiber fineness, fiber length, fiber strength, fiber elongation, fiber uniformity ratio, short fiber index, fiber yellowness (+ b), fiber reflectance (Rd) and spinning consistency index (SCI) values were examined. The results of statistical analysis indicated that there were significant differences between treatments in terms of seed cotton yield, fiber yield, boll weight, boll seed cotton weight, first picking percentage, and the number of nodes of the first fruiting branch, while there was a non-significant association in terms of other examined observations and fiber technological characteristics. The highest seed cotton yield was obtained from 1500 cc application doses as 5073.80 kg ha-1 which was 19,78% (838.00 kg ha-1) higher than that of the control (4235.80 kg ha-1). In conclusion in light of the information obtained from this study, a remarkable increase in yield was obtained as a result of coating the cotton seeds with the product containing organic acid mixtures (citric acid, glutamate, and proline) at different doses. For this reason, it was concluded that it may be recommended to cover the seeds with the aforementioned mixtures before sowing.

Study of yarn properties and displacement deviation of acceleration points based on the novel drafting system

Drafting process plays an important role in spinning systems as it is closely linked with yarn qualities. Therefore, a novel drafting system (NDS) is applied in short staple spinning, which shows innovations in the friction field and the floating zone. This article compared the traditional drafting system (TDS) and novel drafting device by spinning four kinds of yarns (in partI). The experimental results demonstrate that NDS produces yarns with better properties with regard to the yarn evenness, imperfections and strength compared to TDS, indicating the varietal adaptability of the novel drafting device. Besides, a comparative analysis of the displacement deviations of acceleration points produced by NDS was performed in terms of the different fibers and varied tracing fiber lengths (in partII). The differences in displacement distributions between polyester and cotton fibers were investigated, showing that even under the same normal pressure distribution, different internal friction fields of fibers lead to different displacement distributions for acceleration points. The displacement distributions of different tracing fiber lengths embedded in the roving reveal that the longer the fibers, the more concentrated the acceleration points.

INTRODUCTION OF DIGITAL MANAGEMENT METHODS IN THE TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES OF FLAX TOW YARN PRODUCTION

The ways of automating the process chain in a short spinning system, when producing combed yarn, are described in the article. The degree of automation of all stages of the process chain is the subject of the article. In particular, the introduction of digital control methods, when using an automatic layer forming hopper of the production line (the device is protected by a patent of the Russian Federation), which increases the quality of semi-finished products by reducing long sliver unevenness and, consequently, by aligning the sliver coils by mass; application of the automatic sliver levelling system, which allows to increase the evenness of the formed sliver, on the card; possibility to equip the spinning rotor with breakage sensors and the pneumatic autolevelling system, which allows to increase the productivity and to reduce the down time, increasing the ratio of the useful time of the spinning machine.

Research on yarn qualities modified by mechanical false-twisting device

In the ring-spinning process, the area between the front roller nip and twisting point is spinning triangle, and its geometry influences the fiber tension distribution in the spinning triangle directly and determines the properties of spun yarns. Therefore, in the paper, one kind of mechanical false-twisting device was introduced on the ring spinning, which can affect the twist propagation and change the spinning triangle geometry actively. First, the modification of the false-twisting device on the DTM129 ring-spinning frame was introduced. Taking the medium cotton yarn spinning as an example, corresponding ring yarn, Sirospun yarn, compact yarn were spun on the modified spinning frame under different designed twist factors, and the applicability of the false-twisting device on different spinning method was discussed. It is shown that comparing with the common yarn, the Hairiness and Strength of the modified yarns are all improved, and the effect of false-twisting device on yarn qualities is more effective for the low-twist yarn. Comparing with the ring spinning, the improvement degree of the modified compact spinning is a little smaller. Then, the long-staple cotton ring yarn, polyester and medium cotton blend ring yarn, polyester ring yarn were spun on the modified spinning frame under different designed twist factors, and the applicability of the false-twisting device on different fibers was discussed. It is shown that the influence of the false-twisting device on the long-staple cotton yarn and polyester yarn is little. That is, the false-twisting device given in the paper would be more applicable on the short fiber spinning under the low designed twist factor.

Analysis of Ring Yarn Properties Produced from Different Traveller Brands

A traveller is the tiny but significant part in ring frame in a short staple spinning mill. It is a small portion among all the parts of ring machine. It performs two most significant tasks like twisting without which spun yarn production cannot be imagined, and it aids in the winding of yarn on the cop. The traveller is one of the mechanical reasons for the hairiness properties of yarn. Two yarn of 30’s Ne KH (Card hosiery) was produced by using two same number of the traveller of different brands called Lakshmi Ring Travellers (LRT) and X-AXIS. All the processing parameters remained the same during the production of yarn. After that, Uster Evenness Tester 5 machine was used to determine the yarn properties such as unevenness percentage, imperfection index, hairiness, standard deviation of hairiness, standard deviation of hairiness in reference length 1 meter, and standard deviation of hairiness in reference length 3 meters. The end breakage rate was recorded through whole doff for the duration of the production of yarn in ring section. Statistical analysis used t-test to pair two samples to obtain the means for unevenness percentage, imperfection index, and hairiness. This was accomplished with Microsoft Excel 2013. Lakshmi Ring Travellers indicate better results than X-AXIS traveller. It can be decided from the t- test that there is no significant difference in unevenness and hairiness except imperfection index of two brands.

Study on moisture management properties of Micro-Pore Ring-Spun Viscose Yarn-plated knitted fabrics

Moisture management properties decide the comfort level of the fabric. The most important characteristics of a knitted structure to be used in next to-skin applications are concerned with two different fabric layers namely the separation and absorption layers. The present study attempts to study the moisture management properties of plated knitted fabrics developed from structurally modified Micro-Pore Ring-Spun Viscose Yarn (hydrophilic) as the outer layer and polypropylene (hydrophobic) yarn as the inner layer of fabric. The structurally modified Micro-Pore Ring Spun Viscose Yarn (MPRSVY) was produced by blending Viscose (V)/PVA (Poly-Vinyl Alcohol) fiber in short staple spinning system. PVA is removed by treating the fabric in hot water at a temperature of 900C for 20–30 minutes, followed by cold wash. The study reveals that the fabric plated with Polypropylene (PP)/ Micro-Pore Ring Spun Viscose Yarn (MPRSVY) and Polypropylene (PP)/Viscose (V) exhibits excellent moisture management properties with a higher bottom spreading speed, one way transport index, and overall moisture management capacity. Moisture management properties of PP/MPRSVY and PP/V plated knitted fabrics prove that they can be used to produce active wear fabrics.

The effects of processing parameters on the morphology of PLA/PEG melt electrospun fibers

AbstractElectrospinning of a polymer melt is an ideal technique to produce highly porous nanofibrous or microfibrous scaffolds appropriate for biomedical applications. In recent decades, melt electrospinning has been known as an eco‐friendly procedure as it eliminates the cytotoxic effects of the solvents used in solution electrospinning. In this work, the effects of spinning conditions such as temperature, applied voltage, nozzle to collector distance and collector type as well as polyethylene glycol (PEG) concentration on the diameter of melt electrospun polylactic acid (PLA)/PEG fibers were studied. The thermal stability of PLA/PEG blends was monitored through TGA and rheometry. Morphological investigations were carried out via optical and scanning electron microscopy. Based on the results, blends were almost stable over the temperature range of melt electrospinning (170 − 230 °C) and a short spinning time of 5 min. To obtain non‐woven meshes with uniform fiber morphologies, experimental parameters were optimized using ANOVA. While increasing the temperature, applied voltage and PEG content resulted in thinner fibers, PEG concentration was the most influential factor on the fiber diameter. In addition, a nozzle to collector distance of 10 cm was found to be the most suitable for preparing uniform non‐woven PLA/PEG meshes. At higher PEG concentrations, alterations in the collector distance did not affect the uniformity of fibers, although at lower distances vigorous bending instabilities due to polarity augmentation and viscosity reduction resulted in curly fibrous meshes. Finally, the finest and submicron scale fibers were obtained through melt electrospinning of PLA/PEG (70/30) blend collected on a metallic frame. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry

Mechanical and comfort properties of hydroentangled nonwovens from comber noil

Cotton is one of the most important commodity fibres and is widely employed in apparels. At present, the share of natural fibres in production of nonwoven fabrics is low and are used in opt applications. The cotton fibre is conventionally converted into woven and knitted fabrics by short staple spinning methods. The comber noil is short fibre waste produced when cotton yarns are combed. The aims of the current study were to employ comber noil for the preparation of hydroentangled cotton nonwovens at varying water jet pressures and conveyor speeds. The effect of these parameters was studied with respect to mechanical and comfort properties of the prepared fabrics. The results showed that these variables can help to manufacture fibrous assemblies with engineered properties, according to required application area.

An application of Pareto analysis and cause-and-effect diagram (CED) to examine stoppage losses: a textile case from Bangladesh

Spinning industries are facing challenges of improving productivity in the competitive market nowadays. Ring spinning, the most widely used yarn manufacturing process for short staple spinning, uses several types of machinery from blow room to ring frame for producing yarns from cotton fibers. An enterprise can improve utilization of resources by identifying unwanted machine stoppage and taking corrective actions at different points in the production cycle. This study focuses on the major six stoppage losses that are used to calculate Overall Equipment Efficiency (OEE) of ring frame section. The Pareto analysis reveals that idling and minor stoppage and breakdown losses are responsible 89.3% of total stoppage losses. According to cause-and-effect analysis, root causes for the stoppage losses are: high doffing time, high traveler changing time, broken end of yarn due to piles generation through the front roller, power failure and change in Draft Change Pinion (DCP) due to breakage of teeth of the gear during starting of machine by operators before lowering of ring rail and change of Twist Change Pinion (TCP) due to the displacement of TCP gear shaft. Finally, few recommendations are made to reduce stoppage losses and to increase the productivity of the ring frame section.

Energy Storage: Technology Applications and Policy Options

This paper presents technology applications and policy options related to energy storage in energy systems or grids. Energy storage technologies are promising tools to achieve a low-carbon future since they allow for the decoupling of energy supply and demand. Energy storage technologies could potentially be deployed across the supply, transmission, distribution and demand portions of an energy system or grid. The services they provide are either based on a power application or an energy application; and they range from long-term seasonal storage to short duration spinning and non-spinning reserves. In terms of energy storage technologies, pumped storage hydropower systems are a mature technology and comprise over 99% of the current total global installed capacity of energy storage technologies, which is evaluated at over 141 GW. In order to achieve widespread deployment, policy options should seek to enable compensation for the multiple services performed across the energy system.

Spinning of Staple Hybrid Yarn from Carbon Fiber Wastes for Lightweight Constructions

The reuse of CF-wastes (rCF) is desirable due to the energy-intensive manufacturing, high price and the disposal problem of carbon fibers. It is a challenging process to spin yarn from rCFs in a short staple spinning production line which ensures a much higher strength later in the manufacturing of CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced plastics) parts than that of the parts from rCF-nonwovens or, from short-fiber reinforced injection molded parts. This spinning technology consists of several subsequent processes such as carding, drafting and spinning on a flyer frame. It is possible to produce hybrid yarn up to 2000 tex, which fineness is similar like a roving. The machines used to produce yarn for this purpose were specially modified and adapted, so that the brittle CF can be processed smoothly. Carded and draw frame slivers with different fiber lengths and mixing ratios were produced and later the high-quality hybrid yarn has been spun with different yarn twists.

Prickle and handle properties of fabrics produced from specialty animal fibers

Specialty animal fibers are commercially valuable since they significantly enhance the comfort properties of apparel products. As they help to create niche products, use of special animal fibers has increased significantly. There are many types of specialty fibers, such as cashmere, mohair, alpaca, and angora rabbit fibers, that are natural, ecological, and sustainable. Each of them has distinguishing properties and increases the added value of garments. In this work, five different specialty animal fibers and wool were sourced from four different countries. Yarns were spun using two different spinning systems. In the first method, to spin the yarns in a short staple spinning system, animal fibers were blended with viscose fibers. In the second method, to produce fabrics from 100% animal fibers, core yarn spinning system was used. Later, the yarns were knitted in a single jersey structure. After the production of all fabrics, handle properties such as surface friction, stiffness, and prickliness were tested by using both subjective and objective measurement techniques. To measure inherent fabric prickle, a new objective measurement technique was developed. Subjective and objective evaluation results highly correlate and it is pointed out that the new technique could be an alternative method to test fabric prickliness. Fabrics produced from silk, angora, and cashmere fibers are found to have the smoothest, softest, and least prickly surfaces among the other researched fibers.

Optimization of the combing noil percentage for quality single and ply compact spun yarn

No doubt that ring spinning will continue to remain the important yarn manufacturing system for the short staple spinning. Innovation has occurred through the introduction of compact spinning, which offers superior quality and better fiber utilization. With this technology, the problematic spinning triangle has been minimized, resulting in ideal yarn structure which is marked by a low degree of hairiness and higher tenacity.This study focused on the investigation of the effect of changing the fiber properties through controlling noil percentage on the structure parameters of compact single and plies yarns. From the analysis of the results, the optimum combing noil percentage for the production of Quality fine compact yarns at 5% Uster level for single or ply yarns can be achieved.

Application of FXL Series High-Speed Gilling Machine on Flax Short Spinning

Selection and configuration of equipments in flax short spinning, performances of FXL series gilling machine, and its main parameters during processing were introduced in this paper. Discussion was also made on quality of sliver, machine operation and its deficiencies. Results show FXL series gilling machine could be used to produce flax short spinning generation-change products.

Application of air‐jet nozzle in short staple Siro spinning system

With the objective of reducing the hairiness of Siro spun yarns, two types of air‐jet nozzle differing in the angle of sub‐holes and suitable for an air vortex ring spinning system were designed and fabricated. The performance of the JetSiro spinning system on short staple fiber materials and the effects of the different parameters on the hairiness of JetSiro spun yarns, such as nozzle pressure of compressed air, distance between front roller nip and inlet of nozzle, and nozzle structure, were investigated using the Taguchi method. The physical properties of JetSiro spun yarns with those of conventional Siro spun yarns were compared. The results show that the parameters, air pressure and distance between front roller nip and inlet of nozzle have the strongest and weakest effect on yarn hairiness. In addition, the optimum spinning conditions were determined. The application of the air‐jet nozzle exhibits significant reductions in yarn hairiness of 40%. The results revealed no significant effect of the air‐jet nozzle on the yarn tensile properties and evenness.

Effect of Blending Factors on Eri Silk and Cotton Blended Yarn and Fabric Characteristics

AbstractEri cocoons were prepared into short fibers and subsequently blended with cotton fiber in order to develop the new fiber blended yarn in the short spinning system. The Eri and cotton fibers were blended using the drawframe blending with varying blending factors, viz. blending composition (0–100%) and yarn counts (30 and 50 tex). The results showed that Eri fiber which was longer and stronger than cotton fiber, affected the fiber distribution in the yarn cross‐section. The mechanical properties of the blended fibers and yarns increased with increasing silk content. Longer fibers of Eri silk tended to move towards the yarn core, especially at silk content higher than 50%. Moreover, stronger and more extensible Eri silk fiber gave an advantage to the improvement of mechanical properties of those blended yarns with silk content higher than 50%. However, with increasing silk content, the blended yarns were more irregular as shown in %CV. Concerning the yarn count effect, the higher yarn count of 50 tex resulted in a more regular yarn with higher yarn strength than that of 30 tex. The plain‐woven fabrics were prepared using the blended yarns as a weft yarn and the cotton yarn or silk yarn as a warp yarn. The mechanical properties of those woven fabrics were characterized in order to study the influence of silk contents. The results showed that tensile strength, %elongation and tear strength of woven fabrics using the blended yarn were increased with an increase in silk content. This is an advantage of Eri silk in the aspect of rendering the strength to the blended yarns and fabrics.

Evaluation of flax accessions for high value textile end uses

Due to recent changes in EC subsidies for flax cultivation it has been difficult to grow short fibre flax profitably in the UK. The Texflax project aimed to demonstrate that high quality flax fibre can be produced and processed on short fibre cotton spinning systems. Initially 92 flax accessions were cultivated on test sites in the UK over three growing seasons to explore the range of fibre diameter found in fibre flax. The efficacy of applying a translocating herbicide at different stages of plant maturity for optimum fine fibre production was explored. A range of factors indicated that application at the midpoint of flowering stage is favourable for the desiccation of flax and onset of retting. Fibre was caustic extracted using a laboratory method developed at De Montfort University, and fibre evaluated in terms of diameter, length, consistency and cleanliness. At the end of the project five accessions from the original 92 were chosen as producing optimal quality fibre suitable for high value textile end uses. Improved agronomy and subsequent processing enabled yarns with a 50:50 cotton:flax blend to be spun at 26 N m yarn count, the normal blend ratio for this count being 70:30. The yarn properties show an improvement when compared to standard products and finer quality fabrics have been prepared using the yarns.

Regressional Estimation of Ring Cotton Yarn Properties from HVI Fiber Properties

The main aim of the present study was to predict the most important yarn quality characteristics derived from cotton fiber properties that were measured by means of an HVI system. With this aim 15 different cotton blends were selected from different spinning mills in Turkey. The cotton fibers were processed in the short staple spinning line at Ege University Textile and Apparel Research-Application Center and were spun into ring yarns (20s, 25s, 30s and 35s). Each count was spun at three different coefficients of twist (αe 3.8, αe 4.2 and αe 4.6). Linear multiple regression methods were used for the estimation of yarn quality characteristics. Yarn count, twist and roving properties all had considerable effects on the yarn properties and therefore these parameters were also selected as predictors. After the goodness of fit statistics very large R2 (coefficient of multiple determination) and adjusted R2 values were observed. Furthermore, analysis of variance tables showed that our equations were significant at the α = 0.01 significance level.

THE EFFECT OF NAFTA ON THE US SPINNING INDUSTRY

Abstract The purpose of the research presented in this paper has been to examine the effects of NAFTA on the US short staple spinning industry. Yarn, particularly cotton, plays a critical role in the apparel supply chain, and therefore the factors that affect yarn, in turn, also affect apparel. Since the inception of NAFTA in 1994, many changes have taken place in the US short staple spinning industry, as well as the entire textile and apparel industry. However, this paper will examine current trends, which have resulted primarily from NAFTA, but also the Asian financial crisis. Specific focus will be given to yarn production levels, price, imports, exports and labor.

Effects of Apron Spacing and Break Draft on Double-Rove Yarn Quality in Short Staple Spinning

A study is reported of the effects of apron spacing and break draft in a ring frame on the tensile and regularity properties of a double-rove cotton yam, using a factorial analysis technique, produced on a short staple spinning system. The results show that the effect of apron spacing is less marked than that of break draft on the majority of the tensile and regularity properties studied. Overall, closer apron spacing and lower break draft in the ring frame improve all but one of the properties studied.