Short-range Wireless Technology Research Articles

Research on Detection System for Machinery Parts Based on ZigBee Technology

ZigBee technology is a low-power, low-cost, short-range wireless communication technology for various IoT (Internet of Things) applications. Machinery parts detection system monitors the quality, size, shape, and other parameters of machinery parts in real time to ensure the accuracy and quality of the production process. In this article, we propose a machinery parts detection scheme based on ZigBee technology. By deploying wireless sensor networks, the detection data concerning machinery parts could be transmitted in real time, thus reducing the complexity of wiring and improving detection efficiency. ZigBee based machinery parts detection system would provide an efficient and convenient means of detection for the manufacturing industry, thus enjoying a wide range of application prospects.

Access Control, Key Management, and Trust for Emerging Wireless Body Area Networks.

Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) are an emerging industrial technology for monitoring physiological data. These networks employ medical wearable and implanted biomedical sensors aimed at improving quality of life by providing body-oriented services through a variety of industrial sensing gadgets. The sensors collect vital data from the body and forward this information to other nodes for further services using short-range wireless communication technology. In this paper, we provide a multi-aspect review of recent advancements made in this field pertaining to cross-domain security, privacy, and trust issues. The aim is to present an overall review of WBAN research and projects based on applications, devices, and communication architecture. We examine current issues and challenges with WBAN communications and technologies, with the aim of providing insights for a future vision of remote healthcare systems. We specifically address the potential and shortcomings of various Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) architectures and communication schemes that are proposed to maintain security, privacy, and trust within digital healthcare systems. Although current solutions and schemes aim to provide some level of security, several serious challenges remain that need to be understood and addressed. Our aim is to suggest future research directions for establishing best practices in protecting healthcare data. This includes monitoring, access control, key management, and trust management. The distinguishing feature of this survey is the combination of our review with a critical perspective on the future of WBANs.

The application of bluetooth technology in the internet of things

With the development of the Internet of Things, Bluetooth technology has gradually become one of the most important means of communication between IoT devices. It is a short-range wireless communication technology. This paper summarizes the existing research results and technological applications, and explores the application prospects of Bluetooth technology in the Internet of Things. Firstly, the basic principles and standards of Bluetooth technology are introduced, including Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) and Bluetooth Classic. Then, the application schemes and implementation methods of Bluetooth technology in smart homes, smart cities, and smart healthcare are explained separately. Finally, this article analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of Bluetooth technology in the Internet of Things, and puts forward future development trends and challenges for Bluetooth technology, such as improving communication distance and transmission speed, enhancing security and privacy protection, etc. This research has a certain reference value for promoting the application and development of Bluetooth technology in the Internet of Things.

The role of technology in the care of diabetes mellitus in pregnancy: an expert review

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most commonly encountered pregnancy complications and is associated with multiple adverse perinatal outcomes. Technology has progressed to address the unique challenges patients face in managing diabetes mellitus in pregnancy. Technology has bolstered diabetes mellitus education with smartphone applications focused on nutrition counseling and carbohydrate intake advice. Continuous glucose monitors and insulin infusion systems have shown benefit by simplifying glycemic monitoring and insulin administration. Improvements in glycemic control and perinatal outcomes have been seen with continuous glucose monitor use when compared with intermittent blood glucose monitoring, and more pregnant people are using insulin pumps instead of multiple daily insulin injections. Hybrid closed-loop systems are emerging and are able to integrate continuous glucose monitoring and insulin pump technologies while maximizing automated features in the nonpregnant population, but these have not been endorsed for use in pregnancy yet. Applying telehealth practices has been associated with high patient satisfaction among those with diabetes mellitus in pregnancy, and leveraging remote patient monitoring through telehealth platforms and short-range wireless technologies can reduce the burden of patient visits. As technology becomes more integrated into routine management of diabetes mellitus in pregnancy, practitioners should emphasize individualized counseling and device selection to ensure patient autonomy and safety.

Análisis del cumplimiento de Bluetooth 5 con los requisitos de IoT de la UIT

Bluetooth is an open, short-range, and low power Wireless technology, which aims to simplify communication between different kinds of devices. Bluetooth has five versions, divided into two main operation modes, Classic Bluetooth and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE). BLE is designed for the use of IoT (Internet of Things) applications. The fifth version of Bluetooth improves all the features to surpass other technologies that want to be the base of IoT communications. Bluetooth 5 achieves greater range, higher data transmission speed, improved support for advertising, and energy efficiency than previous versions. The new mesh topology feature makes Bluetooth a good candidate for IoT communications since it allows decentralized architectures. In this work, a revision of the Bluetooth version 5 is carried out. Furthermore, the IoT's operating requirements, based on the recommendations of ITU (International Telecommunication Union), are presented. The contribution of this work is the analysis of the characteristics of Bluetooth 5 to determine whether or not they meet the IoT requirements proposed by the ITU. The analysis results indicate that Bluetooth 5 meets the high-level requirements and approximately half of each category's standard IoT requirements.

산업현장에서의 실내외 연속측위를 위한 GNSS-UWB 하이브리드 측위 시스템

In this paper, we propose a GNSS-UWB hybrid positioning system for indoor and outdoor seamless positioning. Fusion of GNSS and inertial sensors has been widely used as a method for estimating positions in places where GNSS reception sensitivity is low, and UWB technology, which started as a short-range wireless communication technology, is widely used indoors where GNSS is completely blocked. This paper proposes a method of mutual correction and fusion of the location information collected through GNSS and the location information collected from the UWB indoor positioning system when indoor and outdoor work occurs continuously and repeatedly, such as in an industrial site.

Internet of things in low-power wide area network and short range network: A review

In the digital age, people may not be able to live without smart devices because they easily adopt them. IoT has made smart devices possible, which consist of sensors, connectivity, the cloud, and user interfaces. IoT research places sensors at the forefront of smart devices. IoT sensors are efficiently used in different IoT applications to develop smart environments in all fields. These sensors act like human sensing organs that collect real-time information from physical objects or the environment and convert it into electronic signals for processing in the IoT. Normally, two types of networks are applied in IoT: long-range low-power wide area networks and short-range networks. This review aims to assist researchers in understanding IoT applications and protocol classifications using short-range and long-range wireless technology that can communicate wirelessly within regions that facilitate IoT communication from a minimum distance of one millimeter to a few kilometers. This paper presents the types of sensors and various applications of IoT, as well as the energy requirements of different protocols and applications. Each network type has its own unique characteristics regarding energy consumption in the IoT network.

Zigbee-Based Low Power Consumption Wearables Device for Voice Data Transmission

Short-range wireless technologies can transmit real-time voice, audio, picture, and video communications. Such networks’ energy usage and transmission reach are crucial, especially for portable and power autonomous devices. Voice over Zigbee technology’s goal is to create a competitive service that excels in these performance factors. IEEE standard 802.15.4 specifies two layers for low-rate WPANs: the physical layer and the media access control layer, with a data rate limit of 250 kbps. This partnership used low-level PHY and MAC layers as the foundation for developing the Zigbee network protocol, security, and applications. To overcome the problem of lowering costs and power usage to make this technology more accessible to the general public. This system displays the network’s operational data, such as wireless voice communication. This effort was made to minimize the overall cost of manufacturing such gadgets that contribute to home automation systems and related projects. The primary goal of the research was to communicate voice through low-power microcontrollers such as 8-bit microcontrollers using Zigbee. In this study, we developed a wireless sensor network (WSN) communication system based on Zigbee to securely transfer speech data over a medium-range distance (medium) and lower the equipment cost and communication expenses by 30% without compromising the data integrity. A testbed has been established to validate the fundamental functionality of the proposed ZigBee-based home network system. The suggested system’s network coverage capabilities were evaluated, as well as its packet loss and energy savings in long-term wireless network monitoring duties.

Priority-Based Resource Allocation and Energy Harvesting for WBAN Smart Health

With the emergence of new viral infections and the rapid spread of chronic diseases in recent years, the demand for integrated short-range wireless technologies is becoming a major bottleneck. Implementation of advanced medical telemonitoring and telecare systems for on-body sensors needs frequent recharging or battery replacement. This paper discusses a priority-based resource allocation scheme and smart channel assignment in a wireless body area network capable of energy harvesting. We investigate our transmission scheme in regular communication, where the access point transmits energy and command while the sensor simultaneously sends the information to the access point. A priority scheduling nonpreemptive algorithm to keep the process running for all the users to achieve the maximum reliability of access by the decision-maker or hub during critical situations of users has been proposed. During an emergency or critical situation, the process does not stop until the decision-maker or the hub takes a final decision. The objective of the proposed scheme is to get all the user processes executed with minimum average waiting time and no starvation. By allocating a higher priority to emergency and on data traffic signals such as critical and high-level signals, the proposed transmission scheme avoids inconsistent collisions. The results demonstrate that the proposed scheme significantly improves the quality of the network service in terms of data transmission for higher priority users.

Application of New Sensor Technology and Few-Shot Learning in Education Based on IoT Era.

In recent years, with the rapid development of emerging Internet of Things technology and short-range wireless communication technology, smart healthcare monitoring network technology has become a research hotspot. It provides convenience for people and enhances the development of people's own healthcare awareness. This paper aims to study how to make its application in the field of smart healthcare education more applicable through the use of related technologies in the Internet of Things era and few-shot learning. For this reason, this paper proposes to optimize and improve the new sensor technology and the algorithm of few-shot learning, and to adjust some parameters as a whole. At the same time, related experiments and analysis are designed for the improved algorithm to study and understand its performance. The experimental results in this paper show that the improved algorithm improves its application effect by 36.9% and is relatively more applicable than the unimproved algorithm.

Networking in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANET) for Accident Prevention

Abstract: VANET (Vehicular Ad Hoc Network) is an emerging technology for intelligent inter-vehicle communications. It is a specialized derivation of pure multi-hop ad hoc networking that is currently undergoing industrial prototyping; however, the dreamed idea of a general purpose vehicular ad hoc network is still a long way off. For the past few years, vehicular communication has been a hot topic. The VANET objective is to use short-range wireless technology to provide road safety and commercial comfort applications. Many routing protocols have been designed specifically for such networks, with the majority of them attempting to make use of information that may be available at the vehicle by the time a routing choice is required. We have investigated the AODV and GPSR in this study. Keywords: AODV, GPSR, Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks, Ad-Hoc Routing, Routing Protocols.

Design and Application of Interactive Music Equipment Based on Wireless Wearable Sensors

The fusion of emerging technology, means, and music has provided a diversified development direction for the performance form of electronic music. Interactive electronic music has become a hot form of music performance in recent years and is widely used in various art exhibitions. In this paper, we will briefly explain the basic principles and practical applications of wireless wearable sensing devices, sort out the development of interactive platforms and sensors, and study the application value of wireless wearable sensing devices in interactive electronic music works. Near-field communication (NFC), as a short-range radio technology, can realize wireless energy and data transmission simultaneously. By integrating NFC modules, electrochemical sensing circuits, and flexible electrodes, it is possible to ensure complete electrochemical sensing functions while maximizing the miniaturization, flexibility, and integration of the system. Therefore, this paper constructs a series of wireless passive flexible electrochemical sensing systems based on NFC technology, electrochemical sensing technology, and flexible electronics, and uses these systems to realize a series of innovative applications, aiming to guide the creation of higher quality interactive music artworks as well as explore the artistic and esthetic experience brought by interactive music functions, and provide theoretical references for virtual art interactive music creation and practice.

Low-Power Wide-Area Networks: A Broad Overview of Its Different Aspects

Low-power wide-area networks (LPWANs) are gaining popularity in the research community due to their low power consumption, low cost, and wide geographical coverage. LPWAN technologies complement and outperform short-range and traditional cellular wireless technologies in a variety of applications, including smart city development, machine-to-machine (M2M) communications, healthcare, intelligent transportation, industrial applications, climate-smart agriculture, and asset tracking. This review paper discusses the design objectives and the methodologies used by LPWAN to provide extensive coverage for low-power devices. We also explore how the presented LPWAN architecture employs various topologies such as star and mesh. We examine many current and emerging LPWAN technologies, as well as their system architectures and standards, and evaluate their ability to meet each design objective. In addition, the possible coexistence of LPWAN with other technologies, combining the best attributes to provide an optimum solution is also explored and reported in the current overview. Following that, a comparison of various LPWAN technologies is performed and their market opportunities are also investigated. Furthermore, an analysis of various LPWAN use cases is performed, highlighting their benefits and drawbacks. This aids in the selection of the best LPWAN technology for various applications. Before concluding the work, the open research issues, and challenges in designing LPWAN are presented.

UWB 측위기술의 원리 및 동향

Ultra-wideband (UWB) technology appeared as a short-range wireless communication technology 20 years ago, but competing technologies, such as Wi-Fi, attracted more interest. However, UWB technology has recently been re-evaluated because it makes it possible to measure the distance between wireless devices. In particular, UWB chips were released by NXP and Qorvo, and, as Samsung and Apple began installing UWB technology in smartphones, it began to be popularized. It is expected that UWB technology will be used in connection with smartphones in various location-based fields, such as automobiles, smart factories, and smart homes. Although the importance of UWB technology is increasing in various fields, as described above, the research on the principles and characteristics of the latest UWB positioning technology has been inadequate. Therefore, to help readers systematically understand the latest UWB positioning technology, the principle of UWB positioning technology is explained, and the latest research and development, as well as commercialization trends, are described.

Man-in-the-Middle Attack on Contactless Payment over NFC Communications: Design, Implementation, Experiments and Detection

A recent development emanating from RFID technology is Near Field Communication (NFC). Basically, NFC is a popular short range (<10 cm) wireless communication technology with applications in areas sensitive to security and privacy concerns such as contactless payment. Since NFC communications require very close proximity between two communicating devices (e.g., a smartcard and a terminal), it is generally believed that Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) attacks are practically infeasible here. Contrasting this belief, in this paper, we successfully establish MITM attack in NFC communications between a passive tag and an active terminal. We carefully present physical fundamentals of the attack, our engineering design, and results of successful attack implementation. Subsequently, we present the practical applicability of our MITM attack that exploits a potential vulnerability in EMV based contactless payment protocol, which arises due to separation between card authentication and transaction authorization phases. We demonstrate how an attacker can compromise the integrity of a contactless payment using a malicious MITM card, and also present multiple attack/victim scenarios to analyze different types of impacts of our attack. Further, we conduct rigorous experimental studies to analyze both hardware and practical ramifications of our attack. Finally, we propose a mechanism to detect the MITM attack based on experimental analysis that demands no additional hardware.

Experimental Evaluation of a LoRa Wildlife Monitoring Network in a Forest Vegetation Area

Smart agriculture and wildlife monitoring are one of the recent trends of Internet of Things (IoT) applications, which are evolving in providing sustainable solutions from producers. This article details the design, development and assessment of a wildlife monitoring application for IoT animal repelling devices that is able to cover large areas, thanks to the low power wide area networks (LPWAN), which bridge the gap between cellular technologies and short range wireless technologies. LoRa, the global de-facto LPWAN, continues to attract attention given its open specification and ready availability of off-the-shelf hardware, with claims of several kilometers of range in harsh challenging environments. At first, this article presents a survey of the LPWAN for smart agriculture applications. We proceed to evaluate the performance of LoRa transmission technology operating in the 433 MHz and 868 MHz bands, aimed at wildlife monitoring in a forest vegetation area. To characterize the communication link, we mainly use the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), received signal strength indicator (RSSI) and packet delivery ratio (PDR). Findings from this study show that achievable performance can greatly vary between the 433 MHz and 868 MHz bands, and prompt caution is required when taking numbers at face value, as this can have implications for IoT applications. In addition, our results show that the link reaches up to 860 m in the highly dense forest vegetation environment, while in the not so dense forest vegetation environment, it reaches up to 2050 m.

Internet of Things (IoT) and emerging Wireless Technologies in the 21st Century

This paper accesses the Internet of Things (IoT) in conjunction with the emergence of Wireless Technologies. Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a type of network to connect anything with the Internet, based on stipulated protocols through information sensing equipment to conduct information exchange and communications; in order to achieve smart recognitions, positioning, tracing, monitoring, and administration. This investigates the Internet of Things (IoT) and its incorporation of multiple long-range, short-range, and personal area wireless networks and technologies into the designs of IoT applications. Particularly, it focuses on ZigBee, 6LoWPAN, Bluetooth Low Energy, LoRa, and so on. This enables numerous business opportunities in fields as diverse as e-health, smart cities, and smart homes, among many others. This research briefly discussed about IoT, some of the major evolving and enabling wireless technologies in the IoT, Smart Environnent Application Domain, and Application of IoT. Benefits and Challenges of IoT.

QoS Enabled Heterogeneous BLE Mesh Networks

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is a widely known short-range wireless technology used for various Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Recently, with the introduction of BLE mesh networks, this short-range barrier of BLE has been overcome. However, the added advantage of an extended range can come at the cost of a lower performance of these networks in terms of latency, throughput and reliability, as the core operation of BLE mesh is based on advertising and packet flooding. Hence, efficient management of the system is required to achieve a good performance of these networks and a smoother functioning in dense scenarios. As the number of configuration points in a standard mesh network is limited, this paper describes a novel set of standard compliant Quality of Service (QoS) extensions for BLE mesh networks. The resulting QoS features enable better traffic management in the mesh network, providing sufficient redundancy to achieve reliability whilst avoiding unnecessary packet flooding to reduce collisions, as well as the prioritization of certain traffic flows and the ability to control end-to-end latencies. The QoS-based system has been implemented and validated in a small-scale BLE mesh network and compared against a setup without any QoS support. The assessment in a small-scale test setup confirms that applying our QoS features can enhance these types of non-scheduled and random access networks in a significant way.

Solution of Problems to Ensure Road Safety by Means of Intelligent Transport Systems

The article is devoted to intelligent transport systems based on short-range radio technology (DSRC). The main feature of this type of system is the ability to provide communication between vehicles without the direct involvement of drivers and without access to the global network. This allows to solve a number of problems related mainly to road safety. This article is about collision prediction and the detection of dangerous driving elements. For these problems, mathematical models of their solution are given, a description of the basic terms of the proposed algorithms, and the results of simulation experiments delivered using the traffic simulator Simulation of Urban Mobility are presented. The model for prediction of vehicle collisions is based on methods for approximating vehicle trajectories and their pairwise comparison. The detection of dangerous driving elements is based on the statistical processing of a number of vehicle motion parameters in the visibility range of the such DSRC device.

Characterization of LEDs for visible-light communications

Recent advances in solid-state technologies have enabled the development of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with favorable features such as long life expectancy, low-power consumption, and reduced heat dissipation. Visible-light communication (VLC) is a short-range wireless access technology that deploys LEDs as wireless transmitters in addition to their primary task of illumination. The major limitation for the design of high-speed VLC systems is the electrical (modulation) bandwidth of the LED. In this study, we investigate the electrical characteristics of a number of off-the-shelf LEDs. Specifically, we determine their frequency responses and match them to their small-signal models. The electrical bandwidths of measured LEDs vary from 250 kHz to 20 MHz and depend on the emitted color and internal circuitry. As a verification of our measurements, we use the sample LEDs as a transmitter in a VLC system setup and determine the supported data rates. The equivalent circuit model is utilized to compare with the measured modulation characteristic of the LED. Furthermore, the bias current effect on the modulation bandwidth is presented.