Short Pass Research Articles

Differentiating African Teams from European Teams: Identifying the Key Performance Indicators in the FIFA World Cup 2018.

Soccer is the most popular sport in the world. Despite this global popularity, European teams in contrast to African ones, have dominated the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) World Cup tournaments for many decades. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the performance indicators that differentiated between African and European teams in the 2018 FIFA World Cup. Thirty matches played by five European (n = 15) and five African teams (n = 15) from the group stages of the World Cup were analysed using the InStat video system. The results showed that European teams had higher averages than African teams on the following performance variables: total shots, shots on target, goals scored from open play and set pieces, ball possession, short passes, medium passes, total passes, accurate passes and corner kicks. Therefore, soccer coaches should take note of these findings as they could serve as a benchmark for African teams to set trends and improve their performance at FIFA World Cup tournaments.

Modeling pressure variations generated by short train passing in open air

The pressure variation generated when a high-speed train passes in open air affects structures on the ground and causes environmental problems. It was assumed in past studies that the effect of the train nose passage is independent of the tail passage for long trains (with 16 cars). In these studies, only the effect of the nose passage was analyzed with a point source model. However, as the superposition of the effect of the nose and tail is not negligible for short trains (consisting of less than 10 cars), the entire pressure variation should be analyzed. For this purpose, the positions of sources representing the nose and tail need to be considered. In this study, a model experiment and theoretical analysis on the pressure variation when a short train passes in an open air environment were performed. The experimental results show that the negative peak amplitude is greater than the positive peak amplitude for observation points located over 1/10 of the train length away from the train, because of superposition. The distance between the two zero-pressure points is different from the train length. The effects of nose and tail configurations are considered in the proposed line source model and point source model based on the typical potential theory; the prediction results of the models showed good agreement in the waveforms and peak values of the pressure variation compared with those in model experiments. Therefore, we herein demonstrate that the line source model is valid, and the point source model is applicable to short trains when considering the positions of the point sources.

Wavelength discrimination (WLD) TOF-PET detector with DOI information

Depth-of-interaction (DOI) encoding can contribute to improving spatial resolution uniformity and sensitivity in positron-emission-tomography (PET) scanners. In addition, time-of-flight (TOF) PET scanners with DOI encoding have received considerable interest because of their potential for improving the spatial resolution, sensitivity, and image quality of the overall system. In this study, a new DOI detector configuration utilizing scintillators’ emission wavelength is proposed, and experimental results on the energy, timing, and DOI performance of the detector are provided.The DOI information from the proposed phoswich-type detector can be acquired at the detector level without complex signal processing by utilizing a single optical filter with customized optical properties. For this, we used either a short pass filter (SPF) or a long pass filter (LPF) that allows light photons of a specific wavelength to pass. The two-layered phoswich detector was configured with two scintillators with different photon-emission spectra. In this study, we used Ce:GAGG (3 mm × 3 mm × 10 mm) and LYSO:Ce (3 mm × 3 mm × 10 mm) as the top and bottom layer scintillators, respectively. A digital silicon photomultiplier (dSiPM) was used as the photosensor and for data acquisition. The phoswich detector was placed in the center of two dSiPM pixels, where one of the dSiPM pixels was covered with the optical filter, and the light guide was placed on the other pixel. The detector was tested for energy, timing, and DOI encoding performance.When an SPF was used, the energy resolutions of 16.2% and 11.8% were achieved for the Ce:GAGG (top layer) and LYSO:Ce (bottom layer) respectively without correcting for saturation effect. With a small (3 mm × 3 mm × 5 mm) LYSO crystal as the reference detector, CRTs (coincidence-resolving times) of 338 ps and 244 ps were recorded for the top and bottom layers respectively. The detector configuration also provides an excellent DOI-separation figure-of-merit (FoM) value of 1.9.In the case of LPF, the energy resolutions of 12.0% and 12.9% were achieved for the Ce:GAGG (top layer) and LYSO:Ce (bottom layer), respectively. CRTs (coincidence resolving times) of 314 ps and 263 ps were recorded for the top and bottom layers, respectively. The DOI-separation FoM value of 1.5 was achieved in this setup.Results show that the proposed method can provide excellent discrete DOI positioning accuracy without compromising the timing performance of the detector.

Differences in short and long passes of midfield footballers

Efficiency in the game of football is possible only if phenomena is systematically defined as it is of primary importance for structuring the basic movements and the technical-tactical elements in the game of football. The main purpose of this research is to compare the midfielders of Superleague and First League of Kosovo in the technical element of the pass which is very significant for the quality of a footballer and especially of a midfielder. To this end, three hypotheses have been put forward which have been partially realized. The obtained results show that the Kosovo Superleague midfielders have shown higher efficiency in these specific technical elements during the game: in total passes, in accurate passes, inaccurate passes, in accurate short passes where Superleague footballers have had fewer long incorrect passes.

Analysis of Goal Scoring Patterns in the 2018 FIFA World Cup.

The aim of this study was to analyse the goal scoring patterns during the 2018 FIFA World Cup. All goals scored during the tournament were analysed using the InStat video analysis system. The results showed that 169 goals (open play: 60.9%; set play: 39.1%) were scored during the competition. While 85 goals (82.5%) were scored from elaborate attacks, 18 goals (17.5%) came from counter attacks. A chi-square test indicated that there was a significant difference in the type of possession (χ2 (1, n = 103) = 43.58, p = 0.00). The highest number of goals was yielded from the final third (35%) as compared to the first (33%) and middle (32%) thirds. The results also indicated that most goals accounted from short passes (69.9%), while 13.6% of goals came from long passes and 16.5% from mixed passes (χ2 (2, n = 103) = 62.12, p = 0.00). Soccer coaches should incorporate set pieces in their training sessions in view to improve goal-scoring opportunities.

Selective light trapping of plasmonic stack metamaterials by circuit design.

Plasmonic metamaterials have wide applications in light trapping and manipulation. However, most of their design typically rely on solving Maxwell's equations via computational electromagnetics, which is time-consuming and limits design flexibility. Here, we combined the transmission line circuit theory with full wave simulation to design plasmonic stack metamaterials in the near-infrared range. By virtue of the simplicity and high efficiency of circuit theory, we designed various light trapping functions by using plasmonic stack metamaterials, including comb filtering, short pass, long pass, band pass and band stop. Our study reveals the field-circuit relationship for the light-matter interaction of nanostructure stacks and provides a powerful method for the quick design of functional plasmonic metamaterials.

Groin Injuries in Soccer: Investigating the Effect of Age on Adductor Muscle Forces.

The sudden rise in the injury incidence during adolescence is also evident in soccer-related injuries to the groin. Submaximal passing applies high stress on the adductor muscles and pubic symphysis and is therefore likely to be connected to the occurrence of groin injuries. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to compare hip joint kinematics and adductor muscle forces of different adolescent age groups during submaximal soccer passing. Sixty participants, in four groups, younger than 12, 15, 16. and 23 yr (U12, U15, U16, U23), were analyzed. A Footbonaut, equipped with a 3D motion capture system consisting of 16 cameras, was used to capture kinematic data of short passes. Inverse dynamic analysis was performed to calculate muscle forces of 10 passes of each subject. The U15 group showed reduced angular velocities. A rise in hip adductor muscle forces was evident from the youngest group up to the oldest groups. The largest increase (49%) was found between U12 and U15. Lower-limb mass was identified as the best predictor for the increasing adductor force. The reduced angular velocities of the U15 and the increase in muscle forces between all age groups were attributed to the increasing segment masses and length. This increases the moments of inertia of the leg segments thereby demanding higher forces to accelerate the segments. Most likely, the stress put upon the adductors apophyses increases during adolescence, as tendons are known to adapt slower than muscles, increasing the risk for overuse injuries. Coaches could use lower-limb mass as an indicator for fast increases in the force demand to identify players who would benefit from a reduced training volume.

Analysis of Successful Offensive Play Patterns by the Spanish Soccer Team.

Victory is the ultimate aim in soccer and therefore when a team wins an elite European or world championship, attempts will invariably be made to emulate the winning team’s style of play. In this study, we performed an in‐depth analysis of play by the Spanish soccer team during the 2012 UEFA European Championship, where it was crowned champion. Using observational methodology and T‐pattern analysis, we identified hidden patterns of play that ended in a goal for the Spanish team. A generalizability coefficient (e2) of 0.986 demonstrated that the offensive patterns detected are robust and highly generalizable. These patterns were formed by technical actions consisting of ball control and pass, with alternations between short and long passes, in the central area of the rival pitch, with use of both wings to achieve width of play and prioritization of width over depth of play. We also found patterns showing that goals and shots at goal were made on a ball delivered from the opposite direction to the shot and were not preceded by a technical action.

Enhancement of PV performance using optical solar spectrum splitting

ABSTRACT The mismatch between the spectral response of PV cells and the available solar radiation results in conversion losses which increase its temperature and hence decreases its photoelectric efficiency. Employing spectral beam splitting by using optical filters for pass or reflect the wanted parts of the solar radiation spectrum for the PV operation may represent a promising solution. This work aims to assess the effect of using “Short pass Filter” and “UV Hot Mirror” as an optical filter on the performance of PV cells. This was achieved by installing three small identical PV modules, each of 1 W. The first panel was the standard one that was used for comparison purposes, the second panel was fitted by a short pass optical filter, such that all incident solar radiation is and only useful portion of the solar spectrum will reach the PV. The solar radiation that reaches the third panel was filtered by UV hot mirror that reflects ultraviolet and visible light. It was found that the short pass filtered panel and the hot filtered Panel caused a drop in the temperature by 6°C and 10°C, respectively. The average efficiency of the reference panel is 6.9% while it is for the short pass filtered panel 7.1% and 12% for the Hot UV Filtered Panel. Comparing the obtained results with previous results, it may be concluded that this solar splitting method is a promising one to be used to enhance the PV performance.

PENGARUH VARIASI DRILLS TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN SHORT PASSPADA PEMAIN SSB PUTRA KAPUR KECAMATAN KAPUR IX

The research problem was the lack of short pass skills of SSB Putra Kapur players in Kapur IX District. This study aims to determine the effect of variations in drills on short pass skills in SSB Putra Kapur players Kapur IX District.This type of research is quasi-experimental research. The population in this study were all players who were actively practicing at Putra Kapur SSB Kapur IX District, as many as 61 people. The sampling technique is purposive sampling technique, the sample of this study is 18 people. The instrument in this study used MC Donald Soccer Test to measure short pass skills. Data analysis and hypothesis testing using comparative analysis techniques using different mean test formula (t test) with a significance level α = 0.05.From the data analysis performed, the results obtained: There are effects of variations in drills with the ball on the reliability of the short pass SSB Putra Kapur players Kapur IX District, with the acquisition of the test coefficient that is t = 5.02> t table = 1.739.

A new positron-gamma discriminating phoswich detector based on wavelength discrimination (WLD)

Abstract The intra-operative positron probe, used in the field of nuclear medicine, has been developed to localize positron ( β +) emitted from positron emission tomography (PET) radiopharmaceuticals by selectively detecting β + particles in the presence of background gamma ( γ ) radiation. In this research, we propose a new method for real-time discrimination of radiation types in a mixed radiation field of positron ( β +) and gamma ( γ ) radiation, based on simple electronics and signal processing. Scintillators often have distinct emission wavelengths, and this method exploits the scintillator’s emission wavelength, as opposed to conventional pulse shape discrimination (PSD) approach. In this study, we used a two-layer phoswich detector consisting of europium-doped calcium fluoride (CaF2(Eu)) and Ce 3 + doped Lu3Al5O12 (Ce:LuAG), with dimensions of 3 mm × 3 mm × 0.5 mm and 3 mm × 3 mm × 10 mm, and emission wavelengths of 380–450 nm and 480–700 nm respectively. This phoswich detector was placed at the center of two adjacent optical filters (one short pass and one long pass filter), and each coupled to a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM). The optical filters are used for directing a specific scintillator photon wavelength to its corresponding SiPM for identification of the crystal of interaction. This proposed method allows us to realize a high sensitivity (true positive rate) positron probe, that can also double as a γ -probe, while simplifying readout electronic and signal processing. A Na-22 positron( β +) source and Cs-137 γ -source were used to validate the proposed approach experimentally. Results indicate the possibility of discriminating β + and γ -radiations in real time, with an excellent γ -rejection ratio exceeding 99.9 %.

Effects of Bio-Banding upon Physical and Technical Performance during Soccer Competition: A Preliminary Analysis.

Bio-banded competition has been introduced to address the variation in physical maturity within soccer. To date, no research has investigated the effect of bio-banded competition relative to chronological competition. The current study investigated the effect of bio-banding upon physical and technical performance in elite youth soccer athletes. Twenty-five male soccer athletes (11–15 years) from an English Premier League soccer academy participated in bio-banded and chronological competition, with physical and technical performance data collected for each athlete. Athletes were between 85–90% of predicted adult stature, and sub-divided into early, on-time and late developers. For early developers, significantly more short passes, significantly less dribbles and a higher rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were evident during bio-banded competition compared to chronological competition (p < 0.05). Significantly more short passes and dribbles, and significantly fewer long passes were seen for on-time developers during bio-banded competition (p < 0.05). For late developers, significantly more tackles, and significantly fewer long passes were evident during bio-banded competition (p < 0.05). No significant differences in physical performance were identified between competition formats. Results demonstrated that bio-banded competition changed the technical demand placed upon athletes compared to chronological competition, without reducing the physical demands. Bio-banded competition can be prescribed to athletes of differing maturation groups dependent upon their specific developmental needs.

Representational Momentum in the Expertise Context: Support for the Theory of Event Coding as an Explanation for Action Anticipation

This study aimed to extend the notion of the theory of event coding as an explanation of action anticipation in expert sport performers. This was achieved by investigating the degree with which automatic anticipation depends on the ecological congruency between the perceived action and its distal effect. In a novel approach, the representational momentum paradigm was adopted to address this notion. Expert (N = 16) and novice (N = 20) rugby players observed a dynamic video of a short pass that was displayed as either toward or away from a receiver. Following an occlusion interval, participants were required to judge whether the video resumed at the same place, further forward or further backward than its original stopping place. Experts demonstrated stronger anticipatory tendencies when the action was directed toward the receiver. This relationship was modulated by a leftward directional bias that is discussed in the context of a bias in viewing behavior that is underpinned by attention. Novice anticipatory tendencies were independent of context. These findings show support for the extension of the theory of event coding.

Optimizing the Communication Capacity of a Ground Station Network

Small satellites are growing in use for educational, scientific, and commercial purposes, usually in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) flights, given their lower costs and associated risks, as well as smaller lead times for assembling and testing. However, the typically short periods of LEO passes bring the need to find ways of optimizing the communication between the ground and space segments. In that direction, several projects have relied on ground station networks to increase the total time of contact with the satellites. In this type of arrangement, the stations agree in monitoring one or more satellites in such a way that, as the spacecraft exits one station’s field of view, another station assumes its tracking, extending the total communication time and compensating the short passes. This type of solution, while very efficient in terms of costs, on the other hand demands a good synchronization procedure, so that all constraints present in its operations are taken into account and the network can operate effectively. This paper aims at describing a model implemented for orchestrating ground station networks that optimizes the communication capacity of the ground network, while taking into account physical constraints not usually considered in other models currently proposed.

축구 월드컵대회의 경기기록 기반 경기결과 예측

This study was to confirm the probability of prediction of match outcomes based on the official data of soccer World Cup. Also, it was to identify the differences of prediction models which were divided with the ratio of data used among the raw data. The raw data was considered in the official data from 2002 to 2018 soccer World Cup on the official web sites of FIFA. Totally, 17 independent variables were shot attempts, shot on goal, % of shot on goal, passes, passes completed, % of passes completed, short passes, short passes completed, % of short passes completed, long passes, long passes completed, % of long passes completed, corner kicks, fouls committed, fouls suffered, offsides, and % of ball possessions. One dependent variable was the outcome of match. In order to process the data, the self-organizing map which is one of artificial intelligent techniques was used for this study. Totally, 640 data set was used for this study that 60%, 70%, 80%, and 90% of raw data was split as the training data set for the self-organizing map. The results of this study were found as following belows; First, there were a couple of consideration on designing of the self-organizing map that the error was 3.446 and the structure was 10 × 10. Second, 60% (384) and 90% (576) of usage on the raw data for the training matched the prediction with 71.86%. Third, 70%(448) and 80%(512) of usage on the raw data for the training shown higher prediction with 73.44%. Consequently, the results of this study were shown that there were no differences of prediction accuracy with different amount of data used.

Electron emission and ultraviolet electroluminescence from valence-band states and defect conduction bands of electroformed Al-Al2O3-Ag diodes

Electroforming of metal-insulator-metal (MIM) diodes is a soft dielectric breakdown which results in the formation of a conducting filament through the diode. It is a critical step in the development of conducting states between which switching can occur in resistive switching memories. Conduction, electron emission into vacuum (EM), and electroluminescence (EL) have been studied in two groups of electroformed Al-Al2O3-Ag diodes with amorphous anodic Al2O3 thicknesses between 20 nm and 49 nm. EM and EL appear simultaneously with the abrupt current increase that characterizes electroforming of Al-Al2O3-metal diodes. There is voltage-controlled differential negative resistance in the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics after electroforming. There is a temperature-independent voltage threshold for EM, VEM ≅ 2.2 V. Three EM regions occur. In region I, VEM &amp;lt; VS ≲ 4 V, where VS is the applied voltage, and there is an exponential increase of EM. There is a second exponential increase of EM in region III when VS exceeds a second temperature-independent voltage threshold, UEM. UEM is ∼6.6 V for one group of Al-Al2O3-Ag diodes; it is ∼7.9 V for the second group. EM is nearly constant in region II for 4 V ≲ VS ≲ UEM. Two band-pass filters have been used to characterize EL from electroformed Al-Al2O3-Ag diodes. The long-pass (LP) filter plus photomultiplier responds to photons with energies between ∼1.8 eV and ∼3.0 eV. The short-pass (SP) filter measures ultra-violet (UV) radiation between ∼3.0 eV and ∼4.2 eV. Corresponding to region I of EM, there are exponential increases of EL for VS greater than temperature-independent voltage thresholds: VLP ≅ 1.5 V and VSP ≅ 2.0 V. There is a second exponential increase of UV with the SP filter in region III for VS greater than a temperature-independent voltage threshold, USP. USP ≅ 7.9 V for one group of electroformed Al-Al2O3-Ag diodes and USP ≅ 8.8 V for the second group; USP &amp;gt; UEM. Both groups exhibit EM from valence band states of amorphous Al2O3. The difference in UEM and USP of the two groups of electroformed Al-Al2O3-Ag diodes is attributed to the presence or absence of a defect conduction band formed from the ground state of F0- or F+-centers, oxygen vacancies in amorphous Al2O3. The observation of exponentially increasing EM or EL in the low conductivity state of electroformed Al-Al2O3-metal diodes is not consistent with switching mechanisms of MIM diodes that involve rupture of the conducting filament since rupture that affects diode current, if it occurs, should also cut off EM and EL.

Footedness in fitness and technical skills in young soccer players

PurposeThe aim of the study was to identify differences in fitness abilities and technical skills between young right-footed and left-footed soccer players.MethodsThe measurements included data collected from 111 male footballers aged 12–17 years (divided into 3 age categories: U13, U15, U17). Fitness abilities (5-m, 10-m, 30-m sprint, envelope run, standing long jump) and technical skill (dribbling, juggling, short passes, long passes) were measured.ResultsThe results failed to show significant differences (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &gt; 0.05) in speed, agility, or explosive strength of lower limbs between right- and left-footed soccer players in the U13, U15, and U17 categories. No significant differences between soccer players (right-footed, left-footed) were found in the dominant leg performance (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &gt; 0.005), whereas for the non-dominant leg, left-footed U15 players had higher performance in juggling (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05) and long passes (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01). Regardless of age category, left-footed players were characterized by a lower range of asymmetry in all technical skills. Significant differences were observed only for dribbling skills in U13 (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05).ConclusionsThe type of lateral dominance (right-footedness, left-footedness) does not differentiate between young soccer players in terms of fitness abilities. Left-footed footballers are more symmetrical in technical preparation compared with the right-footed ones. With age and experience in training, a reduction in functional asymmetry in technical skills is observed between lower limbs in both right- and left-footed soccer players. Regardless of the type of lateral dominance, young players have their reserves in terms of symmetrical technical preparation.

A new XRF spectrometer using a crystal monochromator and parallel plates beam guides

Conventional x-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) is a powerful instrumental technique for elemental quantification of samples with a wide range of matrices coming from industry, medicine, biology, environmental and archaeometry. The scattering of the x-ray tube excitation beam from the matrix is mainly responsible of the strong background in XRF spectra which restricts the detection limit (DL) to a few ppm (w/w). One possible strategy to reduce the DL is the monochromatization of the excitation beam with a crystal monochromator. In this case, the optimization of the system components is strongly required to obtain the highest excitation count rate over the sample, since it is considerable reduced by the short energy band pass of the monochromator.In the present work an optical device composed by a Si(100) crystal monochromator and two parallel plates beam guides (PPBG) was characterized and including in a conventional XRF spectrometer to improve the DLs. The PPBGs are composed by several thin glass plate reflectors placed together and separated by spacers. Inside the gap, x-rays are transmitted by total reflection contributing to the photon flux at the output of the optical device. The first PPBG reduces the divergence of the beam striking the crystal, and the second one collects the monochromatic beam that emerges from the crystal. In this way, the design of the optical device is quite compact keeping a high photon flux at the output thanks to the wide acceptance solid angle of the PPBGs. The new XRF spectrometer was applied to the analysis of biological tissues. The first results obtained in this field are shown in the present work where the performance of the spectrometer can be evaluated.

Age-Related Differences in Fitness Performance and Technical Skills of Young Soccer Players

Abstract Introduction . The aim of the study was to identify differences in the level of fitness and technical skills of young soccer players depending on age. Material and methods . The study examined 140 male elite soccer players from the Polish Sport Academy aged 12 to 18 years. Body mass, body height, fitness abilities (5-m, 10-m, and 30-m sprint; envelope run; standing long jump; pull-ups; and beep test) and technical skills (ball handling, juggling alternately with the leg and the head, short passes, and long passes) were measured. Results . Statistically significant (p &lt; 0.05) differences indicating improvement with age were found in older players in speed (15.5%-18.8%), agility (5.7%), lower limb explosive power (39.4%), upper limb strength (254.3%), and cardiorespiratory endurance (31.9%). With regards to technical skills, the greatest progress was documented for long shots (passes) with the internal instep from the ground (140.6% for the dominant leg, DL, and 730.3% for the non-dominant leg, NDL). Slightly lower results were obtained for short shots (passes) with the central instep from the air (128% for DL and 103.6% for NDL) and short shots (passes) with the medial part of the foot (52.1% for DL and 82.8% for NDL), and the lowest were recorded for ball handling with direction change (32.3% for DL and 29.9% for NDL). Conclusions . In the process of talent identification and monitoring of training effects, coaches should take into account the differences in the rate of the development of fitness and technical skills of young athletes.

THE IMPACT OF USING SOCIAL MEDIA WEBSITES ON THE SYSTEM VALUE OF EGYPTIAN YOUTH

The importance of internet and other media means has been increasing day by day as an important media mean. Moreover, it offers many benefits to its users .The advanced in technology in the field of the communication through the internet helped in the appearance of the social media. As short time passes, social media websites have been developed and increased and they played a great and main role in everyone’s life especially for university teenagers from around the world including the Egyptian teenager’s universities. Social media websites have become of great importance in our lives to the extent that they affect the values of our teenagers whether positively or negatively. This study aims to analyze the impact of using social media websites on system value for the Egyptian youth. It also aims to analyze the impact of using social media websites on the family relations and on the religious values for the Egyptian youth. And here the research problem appeared to identify the effect of social media websites on value system for university teenagers in Egypt. This study is considered from the descriptive studies that aimed to reach adequate and detailed knowledge about the elements and the phenomenon of the problem in order to have a better and an adequate understanding to it and to put its future policies and procedures. The descriptive correlated approach is used by applying the sampling method as a mean for data collection to measure the effect of using social media websites (facebook, whatsapp, messenger, twitter, Instagram) on the value system. This study also measures the negativity and the values that the usage of social media websites help in spreading; by applying on a sample from the Egyptian university’s teenagers either on private or public sector. This study depended on collecting data from a purposive sample and the questionnaire has been distributed among the teenagers that use the social media websites. The primary data has been collected from Egyptian university students represented in 400 students from public universities and 200 students from private universities. This study has reached the following results: Social media websites led to the formation of a gap between youth and their families as they cause many problems inside the family. They led to the youth neglecting of the religious rituals like pray delay and weakening of the religious identify, it also did not promote national unity. They also led to the isolation and the increase of the difference that led to the intellectual confusion and the difference in youth's opinions. They led to the existence of fake (unreal) friendships. It helped increasing the teenagers' attention towards knowing the updated information about Egypt continuously, it also led to expressing different opinions freely. Social media websites led to the waste of time, the spreading of rumors, the changing of facts, the increasing use of swearing and cursing words in the expressions among youth. This study suggested some recommendations: To build Egyptian social media networks to strengthen the communication among the Egyptian youth and to spread the principles of citizenship and the homeland affiliation. It also recommends putting strict control to follow what’s published through these networks and websites to protect our children from what’s transmitted through them from destructive opinions, sex photos, and illegal relations that don’t suit our traditions and values. But this doesn’t mean to control the freedom of expression through these websites.