Short-open Calibration Technique Research Articles

New combination SOC-WCIP method for the analyze of a low pass filter

The combination of the Wave Concept Iterative Process (WCIP) method combined with the Short-Open Calibration SOC technique to micro strip discontinuity is presented. This SOC technique is directly accommodated in the WCIP method. It is used to remove the unwanted parasitic errors brought by the approximation of the impressed voltage sources and the feed lines. The WCIP is formulated in such a way that the port voltages and currents are explicitly represented through relevant network matrices. The scattering parameters of the filter structure can be obtained through the development and the simulation. This result for micro strip discontinuities is compared with the conventional WCIP method. These instructions provide you guidelines for preparing papers for International Journal. Use this document as a template and as an instruction set. Key words: Short open calibration (SOC), wave concept iterative process (WCIP), micro strip discontinuity, third-order filter.

Unification of double-delay and SOC electromagnetic deembedding

Double-delay and short open calibration (SOC) deembedding are both useful for deembedding the results of a gap voltage source excited electromagnetic analysis. Previously, each approach has been viewed as distinct, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. This paper describes a unifying theory, showing that double delay and SOC are each special cases of an extended SOC technique. Results related to the characteristic impedance as determined by this extended SOC deembedding are also presented.

Periodically Nonuniform Coupled Microstrip Lines with Equalized Even- and Odd-Mode Velocities for Harmonic Suppression in Filter Design

Periodically nonuniform coupled microstrip line (PNCML) loaded with transverse slits is characterized using the fullwave method of moments and short-open calibration technique. Guided-wave characteristics of both even- and odd-modes are thoroughly investigated in terms of two extracted per-unit-length transmission parameters, i.e., phase constants and characteristic impedances. As such, frequency-dependent coupling between the lines of the finite-extended PNCML is exposed via two dissimilar impedances. Meanwhile, two phase constants try to be equalized at a certain frequency by properly adjusting the slit depth and periodicity, aiming at realizing the transmission zero. Further, equivalent J-inverter network parameters of this finite-length PNCML are derived to reveal the relationship between the transmission zero and harmonic resonance. By allocating this zero to the frequency twice the fundamental passband, one-stage and two-stage PNCML filters are then designed, fabricated and measured to showcase the advantageous capacity of the proposed technique in harmonic suppression.

Efficient analysis of periodic structures using the finite-element and SOC techniques

A combined algorithm of the edge-based finite-element method (FEM) and the short-open calibration (SOC) technique is presented in order to analyze periodic structures. The computational domain is reduced to a unit cell through the use of waveguide simulators. To accurately predict the characteristics of periodic structures, the SOC technique is directly accommodated into the FEM formulation and removes unwanted parasitic errors brought about by the approximation of exciting sources. The developed FEM algorithm improves the accuracy of the solution and causes the rapid convergence of iterative solvers, when compared to the FEM combined with perfectly matching layers (PMLs) or absorbed boundary conditions (ABCs). The results for some periodic structures are given to show the accuracy and rapidity of the algorithm. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 45: 427–430, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20844

Application of the short‐open calibration technique to vector finite element method for analysis of microwave circuits

AbstractA novel numerical de‐embedding scheme called the short‐open calibration (SOC) technique, in conjunction with the vector finite element method (FEM), has been developed to characterize two‐port network of arbitrarily shaped, three‐dimensional discontinuities in microwave circuits. This SOC technique is effectively implemented into the FEM for boundary truncation of the unbounded circuit structures. In such a manner, fast convergence of iterative solver for large‐sparse linear matrix equations from FEM is achieved. The SOC technique is used to remove parasitic effects brought by the approximation of the impressed voltage source and also the problem of resulting consistency between the two‐ and three‐dimensional simulations. Scattering parameters of discontinuous sections are constructed from the definition of port voltages and currents. Numerical solutions are well compared with those published in the available literatures. It is demonstrated that the features of the SOC technique are advantageous when combined with FEM for electromagnetic problems. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Analysis of ferrite waveguide devices by use of the edge FEM combined with the SOC technique

In this paper, ferrite waveguide devices are analysed by use of the edge-based vector finite element method combined with the short–open calibration (SOC) technique. The formulation with both permittivity and permeability tensors for tetrahedral vector elements is analytically given in terms of the electric field. The SOC technique is directly accommodated in the FEM algorithm and used to truncate the computational domain. The SOC technique removes or separates unwanted parasitics obtained by the approximation of the impressed voltage source and the inconsistency between different simulations. Several types of ferrite waveguide device are analysed and the results are compared with those of the available publications. A good agreement is observed between them.

Corrections to "accurate circuit model of interdigital capacitor and its application to design of new quasi-lumped miniaturized filters with suppression of harmonic resonance"

A general-purpose circuit model of a microstrip interdigital capacitor (IDC) is presented in this paper for use in the design of new quasi-lumped miniaturized filters. This computer-aided-design-oriented model is developed as a versatile admittance /spl pi/-network with the short-open calibration technique that we have recently proposed for accurate parameter extraction of a circuit from its physical layout. This technique is self-contained in our method of moments, which accounts for frequency dispersion and fringing effects. A J-inverter topology is further conceived to explicitly formulate the coupling behavior of three types of IDC's. This model provides a unique way for the IDC-related circuit synthesis and optimization based on the accurate equivalent-circuit network extracted from the field theory algorithm. It is validated theoretically and experimentally through an example of a line resonator connected with two IDC's. The proposed scheme is used in the design and optimization of new low-loss miniaturized quasilumped integrated circuits, namely, two types of three-pole direct-coupled bandpass filters. Our measured and predicted results show interesting features of the proposed filter structure such as size reduction and suppression of harmonic resonance if the line resonator is attached by series-connected equivalent inductance.

Short-open calibration technique for field theory-based parameter extraction of lumped elements of planar integrated circuits

A generalized short-open calibration (SOC) technique is developed toward complete field theory-based deembedding and lumped-element extraction of equivalent-circuit models for planar integrated circuits from admittance-type method of moments (MoM) simulations. With reference to the modal expansion modeling of a rectangular waveguide discontinuity, our investigation at first is to show the physical reason why there exist two aspects of numerical error in a deterministic MoM regarding a microstrip step discontinuity as the showcase in this study. In this SOC scheme, the identified two error sources are put together as a single error term or box for each feed line and then characterized by defining and evaluating two self-consistent calibration standards in the MoM, namely, short and open elements. As such, the core circuit model of the step discontinuity is effectively extracted by removing out two error terms. Subsequently, geometry- and frequency-dependent characteristics of the SOC technique are studied and discussed to demonstrate its effectiveness and accurateness as compared with the conventional transmission-line deembedding technique. After a series of validations by static analysis and measured results, the SOC scheme is used to model symmetrical and asymmetrical microstrip step discontinuities in terms of their equivalent dynamic circuit model over a wide frequency range.

Parameters Extraction of Millimeter Wave Circuits by Hybrid Vector Finite Element and Moment Method Combined with SOC Technique

This paper presents a hybrid method, which couples the vector finite element method (FEM) and method of moment (MOM) for analyzing the field and current distribution of the millimeter wave circuits. The FEM is applied to handle the interior region of dielectric bodies and MOM is used to solve surface integral equations. Then, These integral expressions are coupled into the FEM equations through the continuity of the tangential fields across the connection boundaries. Simultaneously, the short-open calibration (SOC) technique is used for predicting accurately the scattering parameters of the circuits. Numerical results are well compared with those published in the previous literatures.

Analysis of microstrip discontinuity by edge‐based FEM combined with SOC technique

AbstractIn this paper, the application of the edge‐based vector finite‐element method combined with the short‐open calibration (SOC) technique to three‐dimensional microstrip discontinuity is presented. This SOC technique is directly accommodated in the FEM algorithm, and is used to truncate the computational domain. The developed FEM algorithm is applied to the modeling of microstrip discontinuities that can be segmented into two distinct sections: a static model of feedlines, and a dynamic model of circuit discontinuity. The FEM is formulated in such a way that the port voltages and currents are explicitly represented through relevant network matrices. The SOC technique is used to remove or separate unwanted parasitic errors brought by the approximation of the impressed voltage source, and also to address the problem of the resulting consistency between different simulations. Truncation of the computational domain by the SOC technique for microstrip circuits makes the iterative solvers for large‐sparse linear matrix equations from the FEM converge much faster than by perfectly matching layers (PMLs). Results for microstrip discontinuities are very well compared with available publications. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 169–174, 2001.

A short-open deembedding technique for method-of-moments-based electromagnetic analyses

A short-open calibration (SOC) technique for deembedding structures with an arbitrary, possibly coupled, number of ports is introduced in this paper. While deembedding algorithms used in commercial software packages require the analysis of two structures for each set of ports, the proposed solution requires only one standard to be analyzed, with a significant reduction in the overall computation time. Moreover, unlike other deembedding techniques, the SOC technique does not rely on specific assumptions about the nature of the port discontinuities and of the feeding lines. This fact circumvents ambiguities linked to the definition of the characteristic impedance when hybrid modes are involved. Implementation-ready formulas are provided.

Vector-FEM Analysis of Millimeter Wave Circulator with SOC Truncation Technique

In this paper, the application of the edge-based vector finite element method combined with the short-open calibration (SOC) technique to waveguide junction circulators was presented. By applying permittivity and permeability tensors, the functional formula for tetrahedral vector elements are analytically derived in terms of the electric field strength. And the SOC technique is directly accommodated in the FEM algorithm and used to truncate the computational domain. The SOC technique removes or separates unwanted parasitics brought by the approximation of the impressed voltage source and also the problem of resulting inconsistency between different simulations. Truncation of computational domain by SOC technique makes the iterative solvers for large-sparse linear matrix equations from FEM converge much faster than by perfectly matching layers (PML). The analysis of three 2-port networks is sufficient to form the admittance matrix of the corresponding three-port waveguide junction circulators. To validate the theory, typical three-dimensional numerical results of isotropic dielectric-filled discontinuity are first presented and compared with other hybrid numerical techniques. Further, the ferrite filled waveguide junction circulators are analysed and compared with the measured and available publications. The comparison shows that good agreement is obtained.

Efficient Analysis of Millimeter Wave Circuit Using Numerical Calibration Technique

In this paper, A numerical technique, called short-open calibration (SOC), in conjunction with edge-based finite element method (FEM) is employed to analyze millimeter wave circuit that can be segmented into two distinct section: static model of feedlines and dynamic model of circuit discontinuity. The derivation of reflection coefficient of 3D discontinuities is arranged in two steps. In the first step, this SOC technique is incorporated into the FEM for mesh truncation of computaional domain. In this way, much faster convergence is achieved for large-sparse linear matrix equations from FEM by this termination than by perfectly matching layers (PML). The field distribution of the dominated mode in uniform feedlines and entire circuit is obtained individually by exciting a pair of even and odd impressed voltages along the struture. In step two, Scattering parameters based on the voltages and current defintion is calculated by integral of electric and magnetic fields. Numerical solutions for a class of planar circuit discontuities are very well compared with those published in the available literatures.

Accurate circuit model of interdigital capacitor and its application to design of new quasi-lumped miniaturized filters with suppression of harmonic resonance

A general-purpose circuit model of a microstrip interdigital capacitor (IDC) is presented in this paper for use in the design of new quasi-lumped miniaturized filters. This computer-aided-design-oriented model is developed as a versatile admittance /spl pi/-network with the short-open calibration technique that we have recently proposed for accurate parameter extraction of a circuit from its physical layout. This technique is self-contained in our method of moments, which accounts for frequency dispersion and fringing effects. A J-inverter topology is further conceived to explicitly formulate the coupling behavior of three types of IDC's. This model provides a unique way for the IDC-related circuit synthesis and optimization based on the accurate equivalent-circuit network extracted from the field theory algorithm. It is validated theoretically and experimentally through an example of a line resonator connected with two IDC's. The proposed scheme is used in the design and optimization of new low-loss miniaturized quasilumped integrated circuits, namely, two types of three-pole direct-coupled bandpass filters. Our measured and predicted results show interesting features of the proposed filter structure such as size reduction and suppression of harmonic resonance if the line resonator is attached by series-connected equivalent inductance.

Unified equivalent-circuit model of planar discontinuities suitable for field theory-based CAD and optimization of M(H)MIC's

Unified dynamic equivalent-circuit model for characterizing planar unbounded discontinuities is reported for use in the field-theory-based computer-aided design and optimization of high-frequency integrated circuits and structures such as monolithic and hybrid microwave integrated circuits (M(H)MIC's). The proposal of the circuit model is stemmed from a new scheme called the short-open calibration (SOC) technique. This SOC technique is directly accommodated in a full-wave method-of-moments (MoM) algorithm. The developed MoM algorithm is applied to the modeling of unbounded planar discontinuities that can be segmented into two distinct sections: static model of feed lines and dynamic model of circuit discontinuity. In this paper, the MoM, is formulated in such a way that the port voltages and currents are explicitly represented through relevant network matrices. The SOC technique is used to remove or separate unwanted parasitics brought by the approximation of the impressed voltage source and also the problem of resulting consistency between the two-dimensional and three-dimensional simulations. Results for a class of planar circuit discontinuities are very well compared with measurements and also available publications. Generalized end-to-end coupling structure having offset and unequal input/output lines (to name a specific example) is studied to indicate the parametric and dispersion effects on its equivalent capacitance and radiation conductance. Advantageous features of the proposed unified circuit model suggests its practical usefulness and high accuracy in the design and optimization of a wide range of M(H)MIC's and planar antennas.