Short Mental Status Questionnaire Research Articles

Upoređivanje kognitivnog statusa starije populacije sa dijabetesom i bez dijabetesa u poslednjih deset godina u primarnoj zdravstvenoj zaštiti u Iranu

Introduction. Cognitive disorders and chronic diseases such as diabetes are common problems of aging. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the cognitive status of diabetic and non-diabetic elderly in the past ten years in primary health care in Iran. Method: This cross-sectional study was performed on people aged 60 years and older in Kerman, Iran in 2020. In total, this study was performed on 200 patients (100 diabetic and 100 non-diabetic) meeting inclusion criteria. The Short Mental Status Questionnaire (MMSE) and The Informant Questionnaire for Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) were used to assess cognitive function. The validity and reliability of the questionnaires were confirmed in this study. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, T-test, and ANOVA analysis in SPSS 21 software. Results. The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference between diabetic and non-diabetic groups in the current cognitive status and cognitive status in the last ten years. The mean scores of cognitive function from the short mental status questionnaire in the diabetic group were lower than in the non-diabetic group (p = 0.001). The mean scores of the cognitive deficit screening questionnaire in diabetic elderly were higher than in non-diabetic elderly (p < 0.001). Conclusion. Based on the results of this study, health care providers and family physicians should focus on controlling diabetes and identifying any cognitive impairment in the early stages of comprehensive care of diabetic patients.

Use of computer stimulating programs in patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment

Objective: to evaluate the efficiency of using computer stimulation programs (CSPs) for acute ischemic stroke (IS) in patients with cognitive impairment (CI). Patients and methods. 81 patients aged 40 to 79 years with post-stroke CI (PSCI) were examined and randomized into two groups. A study group consisted of 45 people, including 31 and 14 patients with predementia CI and mild dementia, respectively; their median age was 61 [55; 68] years. A comparison group included 36 patients, including 21 and 15 patients with predementia CI and mild dementia; their median age was 64 [57; 70] years. In addition to standard stroke therapy, the study group received a ten-day correction cycle for CI, by using CSPs. Cognitive functions (CF) were evaluated before and after classes, by applying a short mental status questionnaire (SMSQ), a battery of frontal lobe dysfunction tests (BFLDT), a clock drawing test, and a speech activity test. Results. After 10 days of therapy (at 18–20 days of IS), the patients were observed to have statistically significant improvements of cognitive functions in all major neuropsychological scales: SMSQ, BFLDT, a clock drawing test, and a speech activity test (p>0.05). Assessing the total indicators of SMSQ subtests in both groups showed that the study group achieved statistically significant differences in memory, time and place orientation, and concentration. In the study group, the total values of BFTLD subtests were also statistically better in indicators, such as speech fluency (by 33.0%), dynamic praxis (by 23.3%), a simple choice reaction (by 30.0%), and a complicated choice reaction (by 26.7%). At the same time, not only trained functions (attention, memory), but also other cognitive indicators improved. Re-examination demonstrated that the achieved results persisted 6-8 months later. Conclusion. CSPs are a promising area of neurorehabilitation. The method is effective, easy-to-use; the patients can do lessons at hospital and at home after discharge in the presence of relatives or themselves. Further investigations will be able to evaluate the effectiveness of CSPs in patients with PSCI in the later periods of IS.

Effects of dexmedetomidine and clonidine as propofol adjuvants on intra-operative hemodynamics and recovery profiles in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A prospective randomized comparative study.

Context:Alpha-2 (α2) adrenergic receptor agonists, clonidine and dexmedetomidine, are widely used as adjuvants during anesthesia for analgesic, sedative, sympatholytic, and cardiovascular stabilizing effects.Aims:We compared effects of clonidine and dexmedetomidine (as propofol adjuvants) on intra-operative hemodynamics, recovery time, and postoperative cognitive function impairment.Subjects and Methods:Forty-five American Society of Anesthesiologists I and II patients, scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were divided into three groups (n = 15). Group C patients received bolus of clonidine 3 μg/kg followed by a continuous infusion; Group D patients received dexemedetomidine 1 μg/kg and a continuous infusion; and Group P patients received a bolus of normal saline followed by an infusion. Intra-operative mean arterial pressure (MAP) and pulse rate (PR) were measured throughout the surgery. Bispectral index was maintained at 55 ± 5 by titrating propofol infusion rate. The time between the interruption of anesthesia and eye opening (recovery time) was measured. Cognitive function was assessed using short mental status questionnaire at 15, 30, 45, and 60 min postoperatively.Results:The sympathetic response to laryngoscopy and extubation on MAP and PR were significantly reduced with the use of clonidine and dexmedetomidine (P < 0.05). The recovery was delayed (P < 0.05) with both the drug combinations and it was more pronounced with dexmedetomidine (P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine group showed cognitive impairment in a postoperative period lasting up to an hour.Conclusions:When co-administered with propofol, both clonidine, and dexmedetomidine attenuate sympathetic response to laryngoscopy and extubation but cause delay in the recovery from anesthesia. Dexmedetomidine causes impairment of postoperative cognitive functions.

Identificación de factores de predicción del incumplimiento terapéutico en adultos mayores hipertensos de una comunidad del sur de Chile

To identify the predictive factors associated with therapy nonadherence among hypertensive older adults, based on functional dependency, memory disorders, self-perceived wellbeing, abuse, and depression in an area of southern Chile. A quantitative, exploratory study of a sample of 211 hypertensive, older adults (29.1% of those being treated by the cardiovascular program at the Centro de Salud Familiar San Pedro, in the province of Concepción, del Bío Bío region, Chile). Seven instruments were applied: Pfeiffer's short mental status questionnaire, Yesavage's geriatric depression scale, the elder abuse screening scale, the morale scale of the Philadelphia Geriatric Center, the health behavior scale, the Lawton assessment of instrumental activities of daily living (ADL), and the Katz ADL index. Following an analysis of the important components, latent variables were identified. Two latent variables were identified: social connectedness-measured by the variables depression, abuse, and social satisfaction-and autonomy-measured by the variables mental health and ability to perform basic and instrumental ADLs. These latent variables accounted for 39.7% and 20.7% of nonadherence to therapy, respectively. The latent variables proposed here can be used as predictive factors for therapy nonadherence in elderly adults with arterial hypertension. Causes of nonadherence to therapy cannot be assessed solely at health care centers; but rather, an understanding of the home environment is needed and treatment should be adapted according to the needs that exist there.

Older adults worked through 3 phases as they made the initial transition to permanent residence in a nursing home

(1997) J Adv Nurs 26, 864; Wilson SA. . The transition to nursing home life: a comparison of planned and unplanned admissions. . Nov; . : . –71. . [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web...

Diagnosis of dementia. Methods for interpretation of scores of 5 neuropsychological tests.

To provide methods to interpret and compare different neurobehavioral screening tests for the diagnosis of dementia. Five mental-status neuropsychological tools for dementia screening were administered to patients in a memory disorder clinic. These included the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Dementia Rating Scale, the 6-item derivative of the Orientation-memory-Concentration Test, a short Mental Status Questionnaire, and a composite tool we labeled the Ottawa Mental Status Examination, which assessed orientation, memory, attention, language, and visual-constructive functioning. To obtain z and percentile scores, norms are for the different tests, computed separately for patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type, vascular dementia, or no dementia. Another set of norms is reported in which a test score is translated directly into the posttest probability of dementia. Translation formulas are given to allow the estimation of the score on one test from the result on another test. The interpretation of tests used to diagnose dementia must be based on an understanding of the meaning of an individual score, which is based on the question asked and the population to which the patient is referenced.

The Impact of Pacemaker Implantation on Cognitive Functioning in Elderly Patients

To describe and quantify the impact of pacemaker implantation on cognitive functioning in the elderly. Prospective case-control, non-randomized trial. Data were collected from clinical and family interviews and from a psychological test battery. Pacemaker clinic in a tertiary care hospital. Nineteen elderly (65+ years) patients undergoing new or replacement pacemaker implantation for dysrhythmias and volunteer controls matched for age, sex, and short Mental Status Questionnaire test results, without dysrhythmia or intervention. Subjective and clinical impressions based on family interviews; results of psychological test battery before and 6-12 months after pacemaker implantation. Prior to pacemaker implantation, three patients met DSM-III criteria for dementia and two for delirium. Paced patients demonstrated deficiency in immediate memory, language, memory for less structured information, and learning of abstract materials. These deficits were due primarily to the poor performance of patients with complete heart block. Despite clinical and subjective impressions of improvement, there was no change in psychologic test performance subsequent to pacemaker implantation. Impaired cognitive functioning is not always clinically apparent but appears common in patients with cardiac dysrhythmias; it is not altered 6-12 months after pacemaker implantation.