International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form Research Articles

Relationship of Self-Reported Physical Activity with Cognition in Middle- Aged Adults.

The increasing prevalence of age-related cognitive decline highlights the importance of physical activity for cognitive health. Regular exercise has been associated with improved mental health and reduced risk of cognitive decline. This study investigated the connection between self-reported physical activity and cognitive function in middle-aged adults. This cross-sectional study included 56 Indian adults aged 30-55, selected based on a health screening questionnaire. Participants reported their physical activity using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF), which categorized them into low, moderate, and high activity levels. Cognitive functions, including visual memory, executive function, and attention, were assessed using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Automated Testing Battery (CANTAB). Results were statistically analyzed for relationships between cognitive domains and physical activity parameters using Pearson's correlation and linear regression analysis. The study showed a significant positive correlation of attention with moderate and vigorous physical activity, while sedentary behavior negatively impacted attention. Linear regression showed that attention is affected by moderate-intensity activity whereas executive function and visual memory are affected by age. This study supports the view that moderate and vigorous intensity activities may positively affect attention in middle-aged adults highlighting the benefits of physical activity.

Clinical Characterization of New-Onset Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain in Long COVID: A Cross-Sectional Study.

New-onset chronic musculoskeletal (MSK) pain is one of the common persistent symptoms in Long COVID (LC). This study investigated its clinical characteristics, underlying mechanisms, and impact on function, psychological health, and quality of life. Thirty adults (19 female, 11 male) with LC and new-onset chronic MSK pain underwent clinical examination, Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST), and blood tests for inflammatory markers and completed the following outcome measures: Timed Up and Go test (TUG), handgrip strength test, COVID-19 Yorkshire Rehabilitation Scale (C19-YRS), Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ), Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), International Physical Activity Questionnaire-short form (IPAQ-sf), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and EuroQol Five Dimensions health-related quality of life (EQ-5D-5L). New-onset chronic MSK pain was widespread and continuous in nature, and worse in the joints. When compared to normative values reported in the literature: a) QST revealed mechanical hyperalgesia, heightened temporal summation of pain, and hypoesthesia to vibration stimuli, which is strongly suggestive of central sensitization; b) Plasma cytokine assays indicated distinct pro-inflammatory profiles; c) TUG time indicated reduced balance and mobility; d) handgrip strength revealed general weakness; e) physical activity was lower; and f) there were moderate levels of depression and anxiety with lower self-efficacy scores and lower levels of pain catastrophizing. LC symptoms were of moderate severity (44.8/100), moderate functional disability (22.8/50) and severely compromised overall health (2.6/10) when compared to pre-COVID scores. New-onset chronic MSK pain in LC tends to be widespread, constant, and associated with weakness, reduced function, depression, anxiety, and reduced quality of life. There is associated central sensitization and proinflammatory state in the condition. Further research is essential to explore the longitudinal progression and natural evolution of the new-onset chronic MSK pain in LC.

Resilience among Turkish adolescents: A multi-level approach.

The objective of this study is to determine the components that contribute to psychological resilience in adolescents and to determine if physical exercise, emotion control, or self-efficacy are more effective predictors of resilience. Data from participants was collected through a personal information form, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form, the Self-Efficacy Scale for Children, the Emotion Regulation Scale for Children and Adolescents, and the Psychological Resilience Scale for Children and Adolescents. The data were gathered online from 16 out of the 81 provinces in Turkey, representing 7 different regions, using convenience sampling. The study sample comprised 505 adolescents, with 309 females and 196 males. The average age of the participants was 15.66 years, with a standard deviation of 1.34. The data obtained from the students was analyzed using SPSS 27.0 statistical software. The Chi-Square test was employed to establish the correlation between the demographic features of adolescents and their levels of physical activity. The relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable was determined using correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis. According to the analyzed results, there was a substantial positive correlation between physical activity and resilience, reappraisal and resilience, and self-efficacy and resilience. In addition, it was noted that physical activity alone explains 4.8% of the overall variation in resilience and is a significant predictor of resilience. The inclusion of reappraisal in the model resulted in a partial prediction of resilience by physical activity. However, the primary strength of the model was attributed to reappraisal. The inclusion of self-efficacy in the model resulted in a significant prediction of resilience, accounting for 36.8% of the total variance. The self-efficacy variable had a higher impact level compared to the other variables. Furthermore, the inclusion of self-efficacy in the model resulted in the elimination of the influence of physical activity on resilience. The research conclusions point out that self-efficacy has a greater impact on psychological resilience compared to physical activity and emotion regulation.

Obesity awareness-insight is inversely associated with body composition and physical activity behaviour in women with obesity at the admission to a lifestyle modification program

Abstract Aim This study was conducted to examine obesity awareness-insight in relation to body composition and physical activity behaviour in women with obesity who were admitted to a lifestyle modification program. Subject and methods Eighty-two participants (age = 38.22 ± 12.49 years) were included. Body composition was assessed. The Obesity Awareness and Insight scale (OASIS), Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ), and International Physical Activity Questionnaire–Short Form (IPAQ-SF) were applied. Results The OASIS total score was positively correlated with SBQ and body composition. OASIS “negative outcome awareness” score was negatively correlated with IPAQ-SF moderate physical activity (p < 0.05 for all). OASIS total score and “illness awareness” and “awareness of need for treatment” scores were higher in Class 2 and Class 3 obese participants than in Class 1 participants. Conclusion This study demonstrated that increased obesity awareness-insight correlated with deteriorating body composition and increased sedentary behaviour among women with obesity who were admitted to a lifestyle modification program. Furthermore, awareness of obesity-related adverse outcomes revealed an inverse association with physical activity.

Investigation of respiratory muscle strength and its influence on exercise capacity and quality of life in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Adequate respiratory muscle strength is required to meet the increased ventilatory demand during physical activities. However, it is not well known whether respiratory muscle strength is impaired in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between respiratory muscle strength and exercise capacity, quality of life, physical activity level, and fatigue in IPF patients. The study comprised 30 individuals with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and 30 healthy controls. Maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) were measured to assess respiratory muscle strength. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form, 6-minute walk test distance (6MWD), St George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), and Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) were employed to evaluate physical activity level, exercise capacity, quality of life, and fatigue severity, respectively. MIP (81±29 vs.73±20 cmH2O) and MEP (93±31 vs. 93±34 cmH2O) did not differ significantly between IPF patients and controls (p>0.05). In patients with IPF, MIP was significantly correlated with 6MWD (r=0.533), SGRQ (r=-0.428), and FSS (r=-0.433). Multivariate models including MIP, MEP, FEV1, FVC, and PA level explained 74% of the variance in the 6MWD (p<0.001), and MIP, FEV1, and PA level were independent predictors of the 6MWD, with FEV1 being the strongest predictor (β=0.659). Multivariate models predicting SGRQ revealed none of MIP, FEV1 or PA level was directly influencing the SGRQ score. This study suggests that patients with IPF do not have respiratory muscle weakness. Inspiratory muscle strength has a direct influence on exercise capacity but an indirect effect on quality of life, probably by influencing exercise capacity.

Gambaran Tingkat Aktivitas Fisik Dan Tingkat Kebiasaan Merokok Pada Mahasiswa Kedokteran Universitas Tarumanagara Angkatan 2021-2022

Smoking and lack of physical activity are major public health problems, especially among medical students. The aim of this research is to determine the level of physical activity and level of smoking habits among medical students at Tarumanagara University class of 2021-2022. This research is a descriptive observational type and the design used is cross-sectional. Sampling was carried out using non-random sampling, consecutive sampling type. Data collection regarding gender, age, weight, height, physical activity level and level of smoking habits was carried out by carrying out direct measurements and questionnaires to research subject respondents who met the inclusion criteria from the period February-March 2024. The questionnaire was used to measure activity levels physically using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF). Measuring the level of smoking habits using the Brinkman index questionnaire. The research results showed that the age range of respondents in this study was 18-23 years with a mean of 20.03 years. Respondents who smoked were 38 (62.3%) students and 23 (37.7%) students who did not smoke. The description of the low level of physical activity of Tarumanagara University Medical students was 32 (52.5%) students, 20 (32.8%) students with moderate physical activity and 9 (14.8%) with high physical activity. The level of smoking habits among Tarumanagara University Medical students was low at 59 (96.7%) students and 2 (3.3%) had moderate levels of smoking.

Cardiovascular disease risk and associated physical activity factors in gastrointestinal cancer survivors

IntroductionAlthough the risk of CVD is increased in cancer survivors, few studies have investigated the CVD risk in survivors of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer. Therefore, we evaluated the CVD risk using the 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk score for GI cancer survivors and associated physical activity factors.MethodsUsing the 2014–2019 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, data were collected for 262 GI cancer survivors and 1,310 cancer-free controls matched at a 1:5 ratio based on age and sex. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short-Form was used to assess physical activity, and the Euro QoL Questionnaire 5-Dimensional Classification (EQ-5D) was used to assess the health-related quality of life.ResultsA multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated a lower risk of ASCVD in GI cancer survivors than in controls (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.55-0.97). Moreover, the risk of having a high ASCVD score was significantly lower in individuals who performed sufficient aerobic physical activity (aOR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.47-0.75) and those with an EQ-5D score 1 or 2 (aOR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.20-0.65 and aOR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.16-0.58, respectively).ConclusionsThis population-based study demonstrated that engaging in sufficient physical activity can reduce the ASCVD risk among GI cancer survivors.

Influence of warm-up, physical activity level, and body fat percentage on the reaction time of punches and kicks in adult kickboxing practitioners

The aim of this present study is to investigate the influence of warm-up, physical activity level, and body fat percentages on the reaction time of punches and kicks in adult kickboxing practitioners. The sample consisted of 20 kickboxing practitioners. Physical activity level was evaluated by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form, body composition by electrical bioimpedance, and reaction time by the mobile application TReaction. The direct punch and the kick with no warm-up had the highest reaction times (p&lt;0.05) when compared with after warm-up and after the two-minute rounds. There were correlations between kick with no warm-up reaction time and fat percentage (r=0.524; p=0.018), and kick with no warm-up and physical activity level (r=-0.560; p=0.010). The physical activity level and the percentage of body fat are variables that interfere with kickboxers’ kick reaction time. Furthermore, the warm-up had a positive influence on the reduction of the reaction time of punches.

Sex Differences in Physical Activity Levels and Sitting Time in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation.

While research demonstrates low levels of physical activity (PA) among adults living with atrial fibrillation (AF), there is limited evidence investigating sex differences in moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time in this population. The primary aim was to examine sex differences in MVPA levels and sitting time between women and men with AF. Secondary aims explored sex differences in sociodemographic factors, outcome expectations, and task self-efficacy toward PA levels. This was a subanalysis of the CHAMPLAIN-AF cohort study. Women and men with AF completed a survey, including the Short-Form International Physical Activity Questionnaire. A total of 210 women (median = 66.0 yr: 95% CI, 63.5-68.0) and 409 men (median = 66.0 yr: 95% CI, 64.0-67.0) were included. No sex differences were observed in median weekly MVPA (60 min/wk: 95% CI, 0-120 in women vs 120 min/wk: 95% CI, 85-150 in men) and daily sitting time (5.5 hr/d: 95% CI, 5.0-6.0 in women vs 6.0 hr/d: 95% CI, 5.0-6.0 in men). Women engaged in significantly less vigorous-intensity PA than men ( P = .03) and demonstrated significantly lower task self-efficacy ( P < .01). Significant positive correlations in PA levels with outcome expectations (mostly weak) and task self-efficacy (mostly strong) were observed in both sexes. Most women and men with AF did not meet the global MVPA guidelines but met the sitting time recommendation. Women presented with lower vigorous-intensity physical activity levels and confidence than men. Strategies to increase physical activity behavior, considering sociodemographic factors and task self-efficacy, are needed and may differ between sexes.

Comparison of E-Health Literacy, Digital Health and Physical Activity Levels Of University Students In Different Fields

Background and Purpose: This study aimed to compare the health literacy, e-health literacy, digital health, and physical activity levels of undergraduate students in different departments. Methods: Undergraduate students 307 of whom were studying in the Physiotherapy department (PT), and 228 in the Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences (FEAS) participated in the study. Health literacy (HL) (European Health Literacy Scale), e-health literacy (E-Health Literacy Scale), digital literacy (Digital Literacy Scale), and physical activity level (International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF)) were assessed. Scales were applied to the participants electronically via Google Forms. Results: There was no difference between the e-HL, digital, and health literacy levels of both department students(p&gt;0.05). 70.1% of all students did not have enough HL. PT department students' IPAQ-SF total score, severe physical activity, and walking activities were lower than FEAS students(p0.05). 79.6% of all students did not have sufficient physical activity levels (PALs). Conclusions: This study showed that HL and PALs were low in the majority of university students. HL education programs for university students before graduation and awareness studies to develop healthy behavior habits should be included in undergraduate education programs.

Self-perception of health and physical activity levels among the youth and adults before and amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.

Emerging research indicates that the COVID-19 pandemic and associated restrictions led to decreased physical activity levels and poorer health globally. However, most studies on this topic have focused on advanced countries, leaving a gap in understanding the impact in countries like Ghana. This study aimed to fill this gap by assessing self-perceived health status and physical activity levels among youth and adults in Ghana before, during, and after the COVID-19 restrictions. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for informing public health interventions and policies to promote well-being during and beyond the pandemic. A cross-sectional survey using online data collection methods was conducted, involving 937 participants. Data included demographic information, and International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF). Analysis was done using SPSS version 25, with descriptive statistics and multinomial regression. Most participants (89.6%) reported good health. Male participants were significantly more likely to engage in moderate (1.78 times) and high (3.17 times) physical activity during the COVID-19 period compared to females. This study highlights gender disparities in physical activity levels during the pandemic in Ghana. Addressing these disparities and promoting healthier lifestyles, especially during crises, is crucial for general and mental health. Further research should explore socio-demographic factors' role in health behaviors during pandemics.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA ASUPAN CAIRAN HARIAN DAN MINUMAN ISOTONIK DENGAN TINGKAT HIDRASI ATLET NON-ELITE UKM SEPAK BOLA DI UNIVERSITAS NEGERI SURABAYA

The purpose of this study was to describe the amount of daily fluid intake, isotonic drinks, hydration, physical activity, and to determine the relationship between fluid intake with isotonic drinks on the hydration level of non-elite athletes. This study applied cross-sectional design with total sampling method on 25 non-elite football athletes. The instruments used was SQFFQ Beverages for daily fluid intake and isotonic drinks, IPAQ shortform for physical activity levels, and Urine Specific Gravity (USG) for hydration levels. The results of this study found that the average fluid intake of athletes was less (3468.81±1330.34 ml), less isotonic drink intake (548±243.82 ml), hydration level is minimal dehydration (1018.20±7.05 g/dl), and high physical activity level (3009.52±1275.86 MET-minutes/week). Daily fluid intake and hydration levels had a significant relationship (r=0.657, p=0.000), and the relationship between isotonic drinks and hydration level its also significant (r=0.561, p=0.004). The amount of daily fluid intake and isotonic drinks had a significant relationship with athletes' hydration levels.

Greater weekly physical activity linked to left resting frontal alpha asymmetry in women: A study on gender differences in highly active young adults

Physical activity, beneficial for physical and psychological health, may facilitate affective mechanisms of positive emotion and approach-motivation. Greater resting frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA), an index of greater relative left than right frontal cortical activity, is a neural correlate of affective mechanisms possibly associated with active lifestyles. This study sought to amplify limited literature on the relationship between physical (in)activity, FAA, and gender differences. College students (n = 70) self-reported physical activity (Total PA) and sedentary activity (Total Sitting) via the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF), followed by a resting electroencephalography session to record FAA. A Total PA × gender interaction (β = 0.462, t = 3.163, p = 0.002) identified a positive relationship between Total PA and FAA in women (β = 0.434, t = 2.221, p = 0.030) and a negative relationship for men (β = −0.338, t = −2.300, p = 0.025). Total Sitting was positively linked to FAA (β = 0.288, t = 2.228, p = 0.029; no gender effect). Results suggest affective mechanisms reflected by FAA (e.g., positive emotion, approach-motivation) are associated with physical activity for women, indicating a possible mechanism of the psychological benefits linked with physically active lifestyles. A positive relationship between sedentary behavior and greater left FAA may also reflect motivated mechanisms of behavior that aid in minimizing energy expenditure, particularly within the context of our highly active sample.

PERCEIVED EXERCISE BELIEFS AND BARRIERS AMONG BREAST CANCER SURVIVORS: A DESCRIPTIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Since the importance of the benefit of physical activity and exercise has been understood especially for cancer patients, efforts are taken to assess belief in exercise to adapt patients to a more physically active environment to create a sustainable health outcome. Thus, this study aimed to assess exercise beliefs and barriers by using a validated metric tool (Exercise Beliefs/Barriers Scale-EBBS) to evaluate beliefs in exercise in breast cancer survivors (BCS). In addition, it was also aimed to assess the relationships among EBBS, sociodemographic, and clinical variables of BCS. A total of 112 BCS were screened and invited to participate in this study. Clinical (type of surgery, adjuvant treatments, etc.), demographic data (age, medication use, etc.), and total sitting time were collected through a simple data form and 7th of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF), respectively. All patients were requested to fill out EBBS.96 BCS completed this study. Weak but significant correlations were found between time spent after surgery and perceived belief (r=. -273, p=0.009), and perceived barriers (r=-.239, p=0.022), respectively. Perceived barriers were also significantly correlated with age (r=-.212, p=0.042). No significant effects of the type of breast surgery and axillary procedure as well as medications (Tamoxifen) on perceived beliefs and barriers were found. Factors should be thoroughly investigated to provide a sustainable exercise behavior among BCS. Older BCS should be thoroughly monitored to gain regular exercise behavior. This study also highlighted the emerging need for sensitive, specific, and focused tools to assess beliefs in exercise among the cancer population.

The Effect of Physical Activity and ACE Scores on Psychological vs. Physiological Addiction

Addiction is a growing problem in the United States. Rehabilitation facilities have exercise as a component of their program, yet these facilities are not always within reach of every person with addictive tendencies. Understanding that addiction is a chronic disease that is treatable with integrated treatment methods, it’s imperative to find the root of addictive tendencies. PURPOSE: Determine if there is a triangular relationship between addiction, physical activity, and adverse childhood experience (ACE) scores, looking specifically at psychological and physiological addiction types. METHODS: Data was collected from 25 females and 6 males, recruited from West Liberty University via email. Participants completed a self-reported online anonymous 4-section survey including basic demographics, The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF), The Health-Resiliency-Stress Questionnaire Part D (HRSQ), and addictive tendencies through questions regarding the criteria for psychological and physiological addiction from the DSM. Two continuous moderation analyses were run concerning the two dependent variables, psychological, and physiological addiction. Physical activity levels (minutes per week) were the moderator, and ACE scores (total ACE scores) were the predictor. RESULTS: There was a significant main effect between psychological addiction, and ACE scores p = 0.013. There was a nonsignificant interaction found between physical activity levels (minutes per week) on ACE scores and psychological addiction, p = 0.433. There was a nonsignificant interaction found between physical activity levels (minutes per week) on ACE scores and physiological addiction, p = 0.452. CONCLUSION: Continuous moderation analyses revealed no moderating effect among physical activity and addiction type as ACE scores as the predictor variable.

Ten-Year Cardiovascular Risk Estimation through the Framingham Risk Score among Commercial Motor Vehicle Drivers with High and Low Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Abstract Objective Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are both major medical causes of road accidents among commercial motor vehicle (CMV) drivers. The present study aimed to determine the association of the ten-year risk of developing CVD and other cardiac risk factors with the risk of developing OSA among apparently healthy CMV drivers. Materials and Methods The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 315 male CMV drivers. Demographic characteristics were collected, and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the Snoring, Tiredness, Observed Apnea, High Blood Pressure, Body Mass Index (BMI) &gt; 35 kg/m2, Age &gt; 50 Years, Neck Circumference &gt; 40 cm, and Male Gender (STOP-Bang) questionnaire, and International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) were filled out, and the ten-year CVD risk was calculated through the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) for each individual. Laboratory tests also were performed. The participants were divided into two groups based on the STOP-Bang score and FRS, and other CVD risk factors were compared, accordingly. The Chi-squared test, the Student t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and logistic regression were used for the analysis. Results The mean age of the drivers was of 45.57 (range: 30 to 70) years. In the univariate analysis, the mean age, years of driving experience, FRS, vascular age, blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, ESS score, BMI, and circumference of the waist and hip presented a significant association with STOP-Bang score ≥ 3 (p &lt; 0.05). The metabolic equivalents of task (METs) for total physical activity and walking (min/week), time spent sitting (h/day), lipid profiles, smoking history, vehicle type, and shift type were statistically similar in both groups. In the multivariate analysis, a high risk of OSA was independently associated with higher FRS (odds ratio: 1.92; p &lt; 0.001). Conclusion The STOP-Bang score presented a direct correlation with the estimated ten-year CVD risk in CMV drivers. The high risk of developing OSA among CMV drivers is accompanied by higher CVD risk factors such as old age, diabetes, hypertension, BMI, and waist and hip circumference. The FRS was statistically higher in CMV drivers with high OSA risk.

The effect of exercise therapy as a tool for preventing and treating musculoskeletal disorders among school-aged children: a randomised controlled trial

BackgroundChildren spend a lot of time in school, and there are many ergonomic hazards and postural malalignments that put children at greater risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). This study aimed to investigate the effect of exercise therapy on preventing and treating musculoskeletal disorders among school-aged children.MethodThis randomised controlled trial included 212 (121 boys and 91 girls) school-aged children aged 13–15 years assigned to treatment (n = 106) and prevention (n = 106) groups, where the treatment group contained individuals with MSDs and prevention group contained individuals without MSDs. In each group, half of the individuals received exercise therapy (50 min per session, four times per week, for an 8-week), and others continued their daily lives. MSDs and physical activity were assessed by the Teen Nordic Musculoskeletal Screening Questionnaire and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form, respectively, at baseline and after the experimental protocol.ResultsThere was a statistically significant reduction in the frequency of MSDs in the treatment group and occurring MSDs in the prevention group (P ≤ .05). Also, there was significant improvement in all variables of walking, moderate physical activity, vigorous physical activity, and total in intervention groups spatially in students who received exercise therapy (P ≤ .05).ConclusionsThis study demonstrated the effectiveness of exercise therapy in reducing and preventing MSDs and improving physical activity levels among school-aged children aged 13–15 years.Trial registrationsEthical Committee of Shahrekord University (IR.SKU.REC.1401.022) (registration date: 31/05/2022). Clinical Trail Registration (IRCT20220705055375N1), (registration date: 29/07/2022).

Self-determined motivational health coaching (‘SAMI’) during outpatient treatment to promote physical activity of people with serious mental illness: a pilot controlled trial

Background Brief motivational coaching, integrated into health care; seems promising to address physical inactivity of people with serious mental illness (SMI). Aims To test the impact of a self-determined health coaching approach (the “SAMI” intervention) during outpatient mental health treatment on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) of people with SMI. Methods Adults (mean age = 41.9, SD = 10.9) with an ICD-10 diagnosis of mental illness were semi-randomized to the SAMI-intervention group (IG) or control group (CG). The IG received 30 minutes of health coaching based on the self-determination theory (SDT). MVPA and sedentary time (ST) were measured with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire – short form (IPAQ-SF) and symptoms of mental illness with the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI-18), each at baseline and follow-up (3–4 months). Differences in primary (MVPA) and secondary (ST, BSI-18) outcomes were evaluated using negative binomial regressions and general linear models. Results In the IG (n = 30), MVPA increased from 278 (interquartile range [IQR] = 175–551) to 435 (IQR = 161–675) min/week compared to a decrease from 250 (IQR = 180–518) to 155 (IQR = 0–383) min/week in the CG (n = 26; adjusted relative difference at follow-up: Incidence Rate Ratio [IRR] = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.17–3.93, p = 0.014). There were no statistically significant differences in ST and BSI-18. Conclusions Brief self-determined health coaching during outpatient treatment could increase post-treatment MVPA in people with SMI, potentially up to a clinically relevant level. However, great uncertainty (for all outcomes) weakens the assessment of clinical relevance.

Association between the body image perception, anthropometric measurements, and physical activity among the physiotherapy students

ABSTRACT Background: Body image perception (BIP) is associated with self-perception. Excessive concern about body image and body image dissatisfactions (BIDs) are linked to the risk factors for eating disorders, low self-esteem, depression, and less physical activity (PA), in turn leading to obesity. It is still unclear how a physiotherapy student perceives themselves. Aims: The objective of the study is to find the association between the BIP, anthropometric measurements, and PA. Subjects and Methods: The study was conducted at Alva’s College of Physiotherapy, Moodbidri. This is a correlation type of study. A total of 127 physiotherapy students who were between the age group of 18 and 25 years were recruited for the study based on the inclusion criteria. Body mass index (BMI) and skinfold (SF) measurement were measured using a syndex skin fold calliper. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form and Body Shape Questionnaire were used to assess PA and BIP, respectively. Results: The study showed a significant association between BIP and BMI and SF measurements, where females are showing higher BID, whereas males are showing no significant result. PA and BID did not show any significant association among males and females. Conclusions: The findings of this study showed that there is a high incidence of BID among the physiotherapy students. Even though there was a good-to-excellent level of body fat among the university students, a high rate of BID was noted, especially among the female students.

Association Between Physical Activity and Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes Among Older Adults in Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract Context: Type 2 diabetes is a growing public health problem worldwide, causing a high number of premature mortalities, especially among older adults. Aim: To understand the association between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes among older adults. Materials and Methods: A multistage probability sampling technique was used to recruit 400 older adults (age =68.8 ± 6.5 years; male =68.8%) from their households in Maiduguri. Weekly minutes of MVPA were evaluated using the Hausa International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short form, and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes was measured using the validated Finnish Diabetes Risk Score Questionnaire. Adjusted linear regression analysis explores associations between MVPA and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Results: It was found that 18.4% of the participants were obese, and 14.5% had a high and very high risk of developing type 2 diabetes. After adjusting for confounding variables (age, gender, BMI, and level of education), MVPA was associated with the risk of developing type 2 diabetes (β = −1.75, P = 0.01). There was significant interaction with gender, with protective effect found only in male older adults (β = −2.59, P = 0.01) and not among female Older adults (β =0.54, P = 0.61). Conclusions: Our data suggest that higher levels of MVPA are associated with a lower risk of developing future type 2 diabetes in a population of older adults in Nigeria, especially among men. A future longitudinal study, with a diverse large sample size and more objective measures, is needed to further determine the generalization of the findings observed.