Short Educational Video Research Articles

Online education for safer opioid prescribing in hospitals-lessons learnt from the Opioid Use Change (OUCh) project.

Opioids are often required for acute inpatient pain relief but lack of knowledge about common and less common long-term side effects can lead to inappropriate discharge prescribing. There are few validated educational tools available for junior prescribers on hospital wards. Education around opioid prescribing and deprescribing remains limited in the undergraduate curriculum and yet almost all controlled drug prescribing in hospitals is done by junior doctors. A 5-minute video was developed with iterative feedback from medical students, junior prescribers, pain specialists, primary care educational leads, and a patient who had developed opioid addiction after hospital prescribing. It explained the need for clear stop dates on discharge summaries and the range of opioid side effects. It also highlighted the hospital admission as an opportunity to reduce inappropriate high-dose opioids. A short knowledge-based quiz before and after viewing the video was used to evaluate the impact on and change in knowledge and confidence around opioid prescribing. This tool was designed to be used entirely online to allow delivery within existing mandatory training. Feedback was positive and showed that knowledge of side effects significantly increased but also contacts with ward pharmacists and the acute pain team increased. Junior doctors highlighted that the undergraduate curriculum did little to prepare them for prescription addiction and that pharmacy and senior support was needed to support any changes in longer-term, high-dose opioids. This short educational video improved knowledge of safe opioid prescribing and could be incorporated within wider opioid education in UK healthcare.

PS-P03-1: THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SHORT EDUCATIONAL VIDEOS ON PROPER HOME BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING KNOWLEDGE AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS: A PILOT STUDY

Objective: Hypertension is a major global public health problem. It is often poorly controlled leading to many health complications. The use of home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) is an effective tool for assisting clinicians in diagnosing and managing patients with hypertension. HBPM has been proven to improve BP levels for at least twelve months when used in conjunction with co-inventions such as educational interventions or support from health care. Around 15% of those with hypertension are young adults; aged between 18–39 years. Developing hypertension at a young age puts this group at risk of earlier onset cardiovascular events. Challenges in treating hypertension in young adults include the perception that it is a disorder for older people; lack of health education; shortage of suitable educational materials; and limited health resources. Short videos are one of the ways to address this problem. Hence, this study aimed to determine the effectiveness of short videos on knowledge of HBPM among medical students. Design and method: This is a pre-post interventional pilot study. It was done among 13 first year medical students in the Universiti Putra Malaysia from January to April 2022. The students were given a two-part online questionnaire on HBPM pre and immediately post intervention. The questionnaire was adapted from the Malaysian clinical practice guidelines on the management of hypertension and content validation was done by a panel of experts. It consisted of 20 questions, with one point for each correct answer. A higher score indicates better knowledge. The intervention consists of three short 1 minute videos on (1) things to avoid before taking blood pressure, (2) how to take proper HBPM and (3) how to take proper BP. Results: Thirteen students took part in the study. Most of the respondents were female n = 10, 76.9% and Malay ethnicity n = 12, 92.%, and mostly family income of <RM2000 (approximately USD 460); n = 6,46.2%. There were 30.8% that practised monitoring their own BP and 69.2% assist family members in monitoring their BP. There was a significant increase in the mean knowledge score pre-test, and post-test which was 10.85 (+3.63), and 16.15 (±2.27) respectively (p < 0.001). Conclusions: We found our short educational videos were effective in increasing knowledge of HBPM among first year medical students. This has great potential as an intervention for not only health sciences students but those with a different educational background, and later on to the public.

Alexey Borisovich Shipunov. 9 April 1965 – 4 December 2022

Alexey Borisovich Shipunov. 9 April 1965 – 4 December 2022

Utilising Immersive Video Technology to improve Medical Student Education in an Operating Theatre Environment.

Educational opportunities in operating theatres are finite resources, therefore utilising them effectively is essential. Immersive video technology (IVT) may achieve this by exposing students to high-fidelity scenarios. In this study, we describe impact of IVT on student understanding of an orthopaedic procedure, barriers to surgical education, appreciation of theatre logistics and its effect on career aspirations. Purposive sampling was used to recruit UK medical undergraduates. An electronic questionnaire was developed using previous studies in the field. Half of the questionnaire was completed prior to a three-minute video describing a surgical procedure, and the second half of the questionnaire was completed after. The study design allowed researchers to collect paired qualitative data on the impact of IVT on students' subjective understanding of carpal tunnel decompression surgery and interest in surgical careers. Out of 980 contacted, 207 respondents completed the 'pre' and 'post' video questionnaires. Following the video intervention, understanding of operative principles increased from 3.3 ± 0.16 (95% CI:1-7) to 6.1 ± 0.16 (95% CI:3-10, p < 0.0001). 81% of respondents reported they would feel more confident attending a carpal tunnel decompression in theatre post-video, with 60% feeling less apprehensive and 72% stating they would feel more engaged if they were shown a short educational video beforehand. Interest in pursuing a career in surgery increased from 3.9 ± 0.30 (95% CI:1-10) before watching the video to 4.2 ± 0.28 (95% CI:1-10, p < 0.0001), post-video. This study supports the use of immersive multimedia to enhance medical education in surgery which may stimulate student interest in surgical careers.

Oral potentially malignant disorders - An assessment of knowledge and attitude to future education in undergraduate dental students.

The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and clinical experience of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) in undergraduate dental students in six European countries (Croatia, France, Italy, Portugal, Spain and United Kingdom) and assess student's attitude and preference to future education on the topic. A secondary aim was to identify gaps in student's knowledge and clinical practice. The study was a part of the Erasmus+ project "Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders: Healthcare Professionals Training" (Grant No: 2020-1-UK01-KA202-078917). An online questionnaire was distributed to all final-year students in six partner universities. This consisted of four parts assessing: (1) knowledge on OPMDs, (2) clinical experience with this group of patients, (3) self-rated competence in the management of OPMDs and (4) preferences with regard to future education. Two hundred and sixty final-year dental students from six partner universities responded to the questionnaire. Response rates varied from 12% to 92% between partner universities. Significant differences in clinical experience and knowledge were found between students. Students with more clinical exposure to OPMDs rated their knowledge and competence in the management of OPMDs higher than students with less clinical experience. The majority of students were interested in future education on OPMDs, preferably via short educational videos. The majority of students have received theoretical knowledge of OPMDs during their undergraduate studies, however, not all had clinical exposure to this group of patients. Students were open to further education on OPMDs. Important deficiencies in knowledge were identified that need to be addressed and it is anticipated that the e-learning platform and e-book that are in development by partner institutions will help to improve overall knowledge of OPMDs.

A Brief Online Video-Based Intervention to Promote Mental Health Help-Seeking in the Context of Injuries for Athletes: A pilot study

In the athletic population, sports injuries are often associated with mental health decline. Despite the availability of services, athletes frequently do not seek help for mental health problems. A range of barriers to help-seeking in athletes have been proposed, including poor mental health literacy and limited help-seeking knowledge. To address this, the current study piloted a newly designed online intervention that aimed to increase help-seeking attitudes, intentions, and mental health literacy (specifically depression literacy) in an athletic population. Using a pre-test post-test design, a total of 207 athletes were recruited using online convenience sampling from across Australia. Athletes were from a range of sports and competition levels and were provided a brief online intervention comprising three short educational videos with content addressing: (1) the athlete’s response to injury; (2) help-seeking and social support; and (3) signs/symptoms of depression. Participants completed pre- and post-intervention surveys which measured attitudes and intentions towards mental health help-seeking, and depression literacy. Data were analysed using RM-MANOVA, which demonstrated significant within-group improvement from pre-to post-intervention for help-seeking intentions, particularly when seeking help from mental health professionals, F(1, 93) = 24.64, p < .001, and online/phone services, F(1, 93) = 29.75, p < .001. Two separate paired samples t-test demonstrated a significant increase from pre-to post-intervention for both help-seeking attitudes, t(206) = 9.04, p < .001, d = 0.628, and depression literacy, t(203) = 8.66, p < .001, d = 0.606. The current study shows promise for brief video-based interventions that provide information targeting help-seeking during times of injury. However, further research using a rigorous randomised controlled trial design is needed. Additionally, more work is required to explore if an improvement in attitudes or intentions corresponds with increased help-seeking behaviour.

Effect of Using Video Clips in Teaching of General Science on Academic Achievement of Students: An Experimental Study

The aim of this research was to measure the effect of short educational videos on students' academic achievement while teaching general science. The experimental research design was used for the present research. All twenty 7th grade students enrolled in government secondary school Rera District Bagh AJK Pakistan were taken as sample and generating random numbers, two equal groups were formed. Researchers developed a post-test containing Written MCQ Type questions from Text Book of General science. The data were collected by post-tests in order to find an effective way of teaching using video clips in the teaching of general science at the elementary level. The researcher analyzed data by using a t-test independent sample with the help of SPSS-24 software. The results of the study showed that teaching with educational video clips has a positive effect on achievement. To improve science teaching at this level, short and informative videos have been recommended.

Video making as a powerful tool in physics teacher education and in teaching and learning

This paper describes the results of an ongoing international research collaboration on educational science video making between the researchers at The University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada and Eötvös Loránd University in Budapest, Hungary. In this study, future physics teachers designed short YouTube-style educational videos showcasing their own physics demonstrations and experiments. We used Deliberate Pedagogical Thinking with Technology theoretical framework to examine how these future physics teachers acquire their pedagogical physics demonstration skills while also becoming amateur video producers. We also investigated how these videos can be used to deepen secondary students’ physics knowledge, stimulate their curiosity to increase their science engagement, interest, and motivation. Secondary school students’ feedback and the results of their pre- and post-tests also provide evidence that educational science videos that utilize the results of education research can be effective in supporting self-directed student learning.

Geonews: timely geoscience educational YouTube videos about recent geologic events

Abstract. Geologic events like volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and tsunamis hurt nearby people and stimulate the curiosity of people farther away, thus providing opportunities to engage the public to be more interested to learn about Earth processes. Geoscientists are increasingly using social media such as Twitter to explain to the public what caused these events, and videos provide an especially vivid way to reach this audience. However, it is still unclear how to create, evaluate, and disseminate videos on timely natural events to communicate geosciences. To address this challenge and opportunity, we analyzed the impact of 33 short geoscience educational (GeoEd) videos that we created and posted on YouTube between 2018 and 2020. These include 12 videos on timely geologic events (denoted Geonews videos) and 21 videos that are not specially about timely geologic topics (denoted General GeoEd videos), all of which were similarly advertised and have similar lengths. By comparing the performance of the Geonews and General GeoEd videos, we conclude the following points: (1) the YouTube audience is consistently interested in Geonews videos, but some General GeoEd videos are more popular; (2) Geonews videos may trigger more meaningful dialogues than General GeoEd videos, especially for local audiences; (3) the “golden period” of Geonews videos engaging YouTube audiences is within 3 weeks after posting; (4) the Geonews audience tends to be younger and more diverse than the General GeoEd video audience; (5) creating Geonews videos can be a promising strategy for geoscientists to engage public audiences on YouTube-like social media.

Supporting Mental Health in Youth Sport: Introducing a Toolkit for Coaches, Clubs, and Organisations

The mental health of young people is of increasing concern, and early intervention prevention strategies are required. Youth sports are potentially effective environments within which to situate interventions due to high participation rates, familiarity to young participants, and the typically positive relationships held with adults within such spaces. However, coaches identify that they require more knowledge to better respond to mental health concerns that may be present among players. Here, we describe a research translation process in which an open-access, evidence-informed resource was developed to support coaches and sports clubs to better respond to athletes in need as well as to create environments that may protect against mental ill-health and promote well-being. The resource includes a toolkit—with an associated checklist—for recreational sport clubs to follow, a guide to responding to young people in need, and a short educational video. We suggest that these practical and applied resources, which can be immediately implemented, may assist in the provision of targeted and structured guidance for coaches’ first response intervention with vulnerable young people. Furthermore, these resources can support future efforts by being specifically tailored for the unique locations and cultures that vary among youth sport environments.

Farmers' Perceptions of Grain Bin Entry Hazards.

Survey participants had high levels of concern about being injured or killed in a grain bin entry incident. Most survey participants were aware of grain bin entry hazards. Education and training efforts should focus on safe grain bin entry practices as well as rescue procedures. Agricultural injury data have shown that grain bin hazards cause many injuries and fatalities every year. To develop effective safety measures, it is necessary to understand farmers' perceptions of grain bin entry hazards. This survey study was developed and performed to determine farmers' perceptions of the hazards associated with grain bin entry. The survey was administered both online and at face-to-face agricultural safety events. A total of 162 participants completed surveys, with the majority in New York and Pennsylvania. Most participants were concerned about being injured (77%) or killed (66%) when entering a grain bin. Seventy percent of the participants indicated that they had entered a grain bin alone without an observer, and 60% indicated that they had no written emergency response plan. The participants perceived safety equipment (e.g., gas monitors, lifeline and harness systems, anchor points, respirators, and grain rescue tubes) as valuable, and they were mostly familiar with some of these devices. The participants reported a need for training and short educational videos related to safe grain bin entry. Recommendations for safe grain bin entry should focus on entering bins with an observer present and using lifeline and harness systems, gas monitors, and respirators.

Health Care Professionals' Herpes Zoster Awareness and Vaccine Recommendations for Patients with COPD.

The objective of this study was to assess health care professionals' (HCPs) knowledge of an increased herpes zoster (HZ) risk and burden for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), HCPs' familiarity with the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices' (ACIP) HZ vaccine recommendations, and the HCPs' current adult vaccine practices. Another objective was to evaluate the impact of a short educational video on knowledge and future vaccine intent. An online survey of family physicians (FPs), pulmonologists, nurse practitioners (NPs), and physician assistants (PAs) querying demographics, awareness of ACIP HZ vaccine recommendations, and HZ burdens and risks in patients with COPD and their current recommendations for HZ, influenza, and pneumococcal vaccines was conducted. For those not strongly recommending HZ vaccines concordant with ACIP recommendations, a 5-minute educational video was presented, and post video questions assessed future intended HZ vaccine recommendations. Among 1020 HCP responders, awareness and ACIP concordant HZ vaccine recommendations ranged from 59.0% to 95.2% across HCPs. Lowest recommendation rates were consistently reported by pulmonologists for the 2-dose HZ vaccine beginning at age 50; for the 2-dose vaccine use in those with prior 1-dose HZ vaccinations, and for those with prior HZ. Among all HCPs, HZ vaccine recommendations were lower than for pneumococcal and influenza vaccines. After viewing the educational video, reported vaccine recommendation intent increased significantly in all groups of HCPs, as did awareness of increased HZ risk among patients with COPD. Significant educational opportunities exist for HCPs related to HZ and its vaccine prevention among patients with COPD which may be responsive to brief, targeted interventions.

Personal information inference from voice recordings: User awareness and privacy concerns

Abstract Through voice characteristics and manner of expression, even seemingly benign voice recordings can reveal sensitive attributes about a recorded speaker (e. g., geographical origin, health status, personality). We conducted a nationally representative survey in the UK (n = 683, 18–69 years) to investigate people’s awareness about the inferential power of voice and speech analysis. Our results show that – while awareness levels vary between different categories of inferred information – there is generally low awareness across all participant demographics, even among participants with professional experience in computer science, data mining, and IT security. For instance, only 18.7% of participants are at least somewhat aware that physical and mental health information can be inferred from voice recordings. Many participants have rarely (28.4%) or never (42.5%) even thought about the possibility of personal information being inferred from speech data. After a short educational video on the topic, participants express only moderate privacy concern. However, based on an analysis of open text responses, unconcerned reactions seem to be largely explained by knowledge gaps about possible data misuses. Watching the educational video lowered participants’ intention to use voice-enabled devices. In discussing the regulatory implications of our findings, we challenge the notion of “informed consent” to data processing. We also argue that inferences about individuals need to be legally recognized as personal data and protected accordingly.

The Use of the Video, "Dear 16-Year-Old Me," as a Melanoma Education Tool in Ambulatory Dermatology.

Skin cancer continues to be the most common cancer in the United States. The rise of social media platforms and internet use offers an opportunity to present health information through video-based education. The video "Dear 16-Year-OldMe," addresses the risks associated with tanning and sun exposure, the importance of practicing sun protection, and shares stories from melanoma survivors. To evaluate the video "Dear 16-Year-Old Me," as a patient education tool in dermatology clinics and to investigate whether viewing a short educational video can change knowledge about skin cancer risks and intention to improve skin cancer prevention behavior. English-speaking clinic patients between the ages of 14 to 45 years old were recruited. Exclusion criteria include both a personal or family history of skin cancer, dysplastic nevi, or other medical comorbidities. Forty-five participants agreed to participate; 38 were eligible for analysis. Comparison of prevideo and postvideo responses demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in participants reporting they were likely to tan outdoors (p-value = .001). A significant increase was observed in the reported likelihood to have a professional skin examination (p-value < .001) or self-examination (p-value < .001) in the future. and Relevance: Viewing "Dear 16-Year-Old Me," resulted in reported participant changes in intention to tan outdoors and participate in skin surveillance. Although these are encouraging results, future studies with a comparison group are needed to elucidate whether these results correspond to changes in behavior. In the age of viral videos and readily accessible health information via the internet, continued investigation of video media on patient health behaviors should be pursued.

Exploring changes, and factors associated with changes, in behavioural determinants from a low-cost, scalable education intervention about knee osteoarthritis: An observational cohort study

ObjectiveTo explore the relationships between participant characteristics, perceptions of a short educational video about osteoarthritis and its management, and immediate changes in behavioural determinants for effective self-management behaviours.MethodsSeventy-eight participants with knee OA (77% female, mean age 63.0 ± 8.7) watched the 9-min video that included evidence-based content and was designed to foster empowerment to self-manage effectively. Data were collected by online questionnaire at baseline and immediately after watching the video. Associations were tested between baseline health and information processing characteristics (health literacy, need for cognition), perceptions of the video (enjoyment, helpfulness, believability, novelty and relevance) and pre-post changes in behavioural determinants (self-efficacy for managing arthritis, attitude to self-management or ‘activation’, and importance/confidence for physical activity).ResultsAll behavioural determinants improved immediately after watching the video. Positive perceptions were associated with greater improvements in self-efficacy for arthritis (Spearman’s rho, ρ = 0.26–0.47). Greater perceived relevance was associated with increased self-rated importance of being physically active (ρ = 0.43). There were small positive associations between health literacy domains related to health information and positive viewer perceptions of the video. People with higher need for cognition may achieve greater improvement in confidence to be physically active (ρ = 0.27).ConclusionThe educational video may help achieve outcomes important for increasing self-management behaviours in people with knee osteoarthritis. Positive perceptions appear to be important in achieving these improvements. People with lower health literacy and lower need for cognition may respond less well to this information about knee osteoarthritis delivered in this way.

P033 Randomised controlled trial on the efficacy of Audio-visual Health Educational materials on CPAP ADherence: The AHEAD trial

Abstract OSA is a prevalent chronic disease with significant health implications, for which achieving &amp;gt;4 hours/night on continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is essential for effective treatment. Educational videos to improve CPAP adherence are of interest as a low-cost intervention, however trials have shown mixed results. This study aimed to compare CPAP usage following standard of care education (SOCE), with the usage following the addition of educational videos, customised to incorporate low health literacy communication, motivational and self-efficacy techniques. Methods Adults with OSA recommended treatment with CPAP, were recruited and randomised in a single blinded method, to watch short educational videos following their in laboratory CPAP study or SOCE. The primary outcome was CPAP usage at 2mths and secondary outcomes were usage at 12mth and proportion of patients with adequate usage &amp;gt;4hrs/night. Results 195 patients met the eligibility criteria and were randomised to video education (n = 96) or to SOCE (n = 99). There was no significant difference in compliance at 2mths (median usage 1.7hrs IQR 0–6.2 SOCE, 4.4hrs IQR 0–6.7 video education p = 0.1), however at 12mths there was increased usage in the video education arm (median 0hrs IQR 0–5.4 standard of care, 3.8hrs IQR 0–6.87 p = 0.05). The proportion with adequate CPAP usage &amp;gt;4hrs/night at 12mths was higher in the video education group (33, 33% versus 48, 50% p = 0.01). Conclusions Long-term adherence to CPAP is enhanced by the addition of educational videos that incorporate low health literacy communication and motivational techniques, compared to SOCE.

COMPARATIVE VACCINE HESITANCY IN PEOPLE WITH COPD

TOPIC: Obstructive Lung Diseases TYPE: Original Investigations PURPOSE: To understand comparative vaccine (influenza, “pneumonia” and shingles) use and reasons for hesitancy among people with COPD known to be at increased risk for poor outcomes from vaccine preventable diseases.To understand the potential impact of a short educational video (the intervention) on self-reported shingles vaccine uptake intent and interest. METHODS: An intervention study conducted in members of the COPD Foundation’s Patient Powered Research Network (PPRN). All had self-reported COPD. A survey queried about receipt of influenza, shingles and “pneumonia” vaccines and reasons for not receiving those vaccines. For individuals not receiving the newest of those vaccines (shingles), a 5-minute educational video was presented discussing general shingles disease burden and increased risk in those with COPD, and disease prevention from vaccination. A 1-minute patient (COPD + shingles) testimonial was included in the video. After viewing, participants were asked about the value and potential impact of the video. RESULTS: 735 people responded; 60% women, mean age 68.5 years, 53% reporting poor overall health and 54% having >1 exacerbations in past 12 months. Vaccination rates were 93% for pneumonia vaccines, 89% for influenza vaccines and 61% for shingles vaccines. Health care recommendations varied by site: highest in primary care (61 to 91%) and from internet or family and friends (35 to 47%) and lower rates of recommendations by pulmonologists (21 to 61%) and pharmacies (30 to 53%) among those attending the specific site. The most common reasons for not receiving a vaccine were lack of health care professional recommendation (7% for influenza to >30% for pneumonia and shingles), concerns about side effects (pneumonia 22%, shingles 38% and influenza 43%), inadequate information (influenza 11%, pneumonia 20%, shingles 32%) and for influenza and shingles vaccines—fear of vaccine causing the disease (28% and 22% respectively). Only 25% were aware that COPD increased the risk of developing shingles. The video was felt to be useful (>94%) and increased interest and intent for receiving the shingles vaccine or at least discussing receipt with their physician (>87%). Awareness of increased risk of shingles in those with COPD increased to 91%. CONCLUSIONS: Vaccine hesitancy continues among those living with COPD, particularly for newer vaccines such as shingles.Health care professionals’ recommendations are not universal.A short educational intervention may lower vaccine hesitancy and may have implications for addressing COVID vaccine acceptance. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Care of people with COPD must include clear vaccine recommendations and information about preventable disease burden, vaccine effectiveness and accurate side effect profiles from all the Health Care Professionals they visit. DISCLOSURES: Received funding from GSK relationship with GlaxoSmithKline Please note: 04/01/20-12/31/21 Added 04/30/2021 by Elisabeth Callen, source=Web Response, value=Grant/Research Support No relevant relationships by Janice Cotton, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Natalia Loskutova, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Sergio Martinez, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Debora Merrill, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Dennis Williams, source=Web Response Consultant relationship with GSK Please note: $5001 - $20000 by Barbara Yawn, source=Web Response, value=Consulting fee Advisory Committee Member relationship with BI Please note: $1001 - $5000 by Barbara Yawn, source=Web Response, value=Honoraria Advisory Committee Member relationship with AZ Please note: $1001 - $5000 by Barbara Yawn, source=Web Response, value=Honoraria Advisory Committee Member relationship with Sunovian Please note: $1001 - $5000 by Barbara Yawn, source=Web Response, value=Honoraria Removed 02/15/2021 by Barbara Yawn, source=Web Response Advisory Committee Member relationship with TEVA Please note: 11/2019-12/2021 Added 02/15/2021 by Barbara Yawn, source=Web Response, value=Consulting fee

Shifting parental beliefs about child development to foster parental investments and improve school readiness outcomes

Socioeconomic gaps in child development open up early, with associated disparities in parental investments in children. Understanding the drivers of these disparities is key to designing effective policies. We first show that parental beliefs about the impact of early parental investments differ across socioeconomic status (SES), with parents of higher SES being more likely to believe that parental investments impact child development. We then use two randomized controlled trials to explore the mutability of such beliefs and their link to parental investments and child development, our three primary outcomes. In the first trial (NCT02812017 on clinicaltrials.gov), parents in the treatment group were asked to watch a short educational video during four well-child visits with their pediatrician while in the second trial (NCT03076268), parents in the treatment group received twelve home visits with feedback based on their daily interactions with their child. In both cases, we find that parental beliefs about child development are malleable. The first program changes parental beliefs but fails to lastingly increase parental investments and child outcomes. By contrast, in the more intensive program, all pre-specified endpoints are improved: the augmented beliefs are associated with enriched parent-child interactions and higher vocabulary, math, and social-emotional skills for the children.

Age Differences in the Malleability of Attitudes toward Automated Shared Mobility

Introduction: The use of shared automated vehicles (SAVs) should lead to several societal and individual benefits, including reduced greenhouse gas emissions, reduced traffic, and improved mobility for persons who cannot safely drive themselves. We define SAVs as on-demand, fully automated vehicles in which passengers are paired with other riders traveling along a similar route. Previous research has shown that younger adults are more likely to report using conventional ridesharing services and are more accepting of new technologies including automated vehicles (AVs). However, older adults, particularly those who may be close to retiring from driving, stand to greatly benefit from SAV services. In order for SAVs to deliver on their aforementioned benefits, they must be viewed favorably and utilized. We sought to investigate how short educational and/or experiential videos might impact younger, middle-aged, and older adult respondents’ anticipated acceptance and attitudes toward SAVs. Knowing what types of introductory experiences improve different age groups’ perceptions of SAVs will be beneficial for tailoring campaigns aiming to promote SAV usage. Methods: We deployed an online survey using the platform Prolific for middle-aged and older respondents, and our departmental participant pool for younger adults, collecting 585 total responses that resulted in 448 valid responses. Respondents answered questions regarding their demographic attributes, their ridesharing history, preconceptions of technology, as well as their anticipated acceptance attitudes towards SAVs as measured by the dimensions of the Automated Vehicle User Perception Survey (AVUPS). After this, respondents were randomly assigned to an intervention condition where they either watched 1) an educational video about how SAVs work and their potential benefits, 2) an experiential video showing a AV navigating traffic, 3) both the experiential and educational videos, or 4) a control video explaining how ridesharing works. Anticipated acceptance attitudes towards SAVs were measured again after this intervention and difference scores calculated to investigate the effect of the intervention conditions. Prolific respondents were paid at a rate of $9.50/hour and younger adults received course credit. Results: Controlling for preconceptions of technology and ridesharing experience, a MANOVA was run on the difference scores of the dimensions of the AVUPS (intention to use, trust/reliability, perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEOU), safety, control/driving-efficacy, cost, authority, media, and social influence). Both older and middle-aged adults expressed significantly greater increases in PEOU and PU of SAVs than younger adults. We also observed an interaction between age and condition for both PU and PEOU. For PU, older adults’ difference scores were found to be significantly greater than younger adults’ for the control video condition. With PEOU, older adults’ difference scores were significantly greater than both younger adults’ for the control video condition, and middle-aged adults had greater difference scores for the educational-only video condition than younger or older adults. Discussion: The increases in PU observed for older adults in the control condition suggests that educating them on how to use currently available ridesharing services might transfer to and/or highlight the benefits that automated ridesharing might provide. The PEOU interactions also suggest that middle-aged adults might respond more positively than younger or older adults to an educational introduction to SAVs. Conclusion: The positive findings pertaining to PU and PEOU show that exposure to information related to SAVs has a positive impact on these attitudes. PU’s and PEOU’s positive relationship to behavioral intentions (BI) in the Technology Acceptance Model, coupled with the findings from this study, bode well for higher fidelity interventions seeking to inform and/or give individuals experience with SAVs. Providing information on how currently available ridesharing services work helped our older adult respondents recognize the potential usefulness of SAVs. Knowing that different age groups may respond better to educational versus experiential interventions, for example middle-aged adults in this study responding more positively to the educational video condition than younger or older adults, may be useful for targeted promotional campaigns.

Bridging Learning in Medicine and Citizenship During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Telehealth-Based Case Study

Background. COVID-19 presented great challenges for not only those in the field of health care but also those undergoing medical training. The burden on health care services worldwide has limited the educational opportunities available for medical students due to social distancing requirements.Objective. In this paper, we describe a strategy that combines telehealth and medical training to mitigate the adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods. A toll-free telescreening service, Telecoronavirus, began operations in March 2020. This service was operated remotely by supervised medical students and was offered across all 417 municipalities (14.8 million inhabitants) in the Brazilian state of Bahia. Students recorded clinical and sociodemographic data by using a web-based application that was simultaneously accessed by medical volunteers for supervision purposes, as well as by state health authorities who conducted epidemiological surveillance and health management efforts. In parallel, students received up-to-date scientific information about COVID-19 via short educational videos prepared by professors. A continuously updated triage algorithm was conceived to provide consistent service.Results. The program operated for approximately 4 months, engaging 1396 medical students and 133 physicians. In total, 111,965 individuals residing in 343 municipalities used this service. Almost 70,000 individuals were advised to stay at home, and they received guidance to avoid disease transmission, potentially contributing to localized reductions in the spread of COVID-19. Additionally, the program promoted citizenship education for medical students, who were engaged in a real-life opportunity to fight the pandemic within their own communities. The objectives of the education, organization, and assistance domains of the Telecoronavirus program were successfully achieved according to the results of a web-based post-project survey that assessed physicians' and students' perceptions.Conclusions. In a prolonged pandemic scenario, a combination of remote tools and medical supervision via telehealth services may constitute a useful strategy for maintaining social distancing measures while preserving some practical aspects of medical education. A low-cost tool such as the Telecoronavirus program could be especially valuable in resource-limited health care scenarios, in addition to offering support for epidemiological surveillance actions.