Short Cuts Research Articles

Crop Improvement of Moringa oleifera L. through Genotype Screening for the Development of Clonal Propagation Techniques of High-Yielding Clones in Malaysia.

Moringa oleifera L. is a valuable multipurpose tree species widely planted for centuries due to its high medicinal value and antifungal, antiviral, antidepressant, and anti-inflammatory properties in the food industry. However, its cultivation is hindered by production constraints such as the unavailability of planting material and the inadequate number of high-yielding clones. Thus, a study was initiated to select high-yielding clones in terms of growth and chemical content for the mass propagation of superior moringa trees. Screening on high-yielding clones with high astragalin content was conducted through the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of moringa leaf extract. Selected genotypes were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory potential through in vitro bioactivity assays of leaf methanol extract. The effects of the rooting hormone, rooting substrates, and size of the cutting on the rooting response of branch cuttings of moringa were investigated. Results found that samples collected from different ecological zones of Peninsular Malaysia show significant variation in terms of astragalin content. The extracts were observed to show considerable variation in biological activity against the pro-inflammatory enzymes. The size of the cuttings had significant effects on the rooting of the cuttings as longer cuttings with bigger diameters rooted better than shorter cuttings with smaller diameters. Several genotypes of M. oleifera with superior phenotypic characteristics and bioactive compounds have been identified. Factors affecting the rooting efficiency and optimal conditions of rooting are suggested, which provides valuable information for the propagation of the superior planting material of moringa. This effort will ensure the sustainable production and supply of good quality raw materials for the production of quality end-products for the food and pharmaceutical industry.

A Small Electrolyte Drop Enables a Disruptive Semisolid High‐Energy Sulfur Battery Cell Design via an Argyrodite‐Based Sulfur Cathode in Combination with a Metallic Lithium Anode

AbstractLithium–sulfur batteries with liquid electrolytes are discussed as the most promising post‐lithium‐ion‐battery technology in literature due to their high theoretical specific energy and first prototype cells delivering >470 Wh kg−1. Although several electrolyte and material concepts are developed that partially solve the issue of the so‐called shuttle mechanism, the most promising concept to genuinely confine sulfur species in the cathode is all‐solid‐state argyrodite–sulfur cathodes leading to almost theoretical active material utilization by maintaining reasonable sulfur loadings and electrolyte to sulfur ratios. However, this battery concept has so far not achieved reversible cycling against metallic lithium anodes as it requires high pressures for manufacturing, and ductile lithium metal creeps along the grain boundaries of the solid electrolyte particles leading to short cuts of the cells. Recent findings show that metallic lithium, however, can be stably cycled with dimethoxyethane/lithium‐bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (DME/LiFSI)‐based electrolytes. Herein, for the first time, a semisolid concept is presented combining the benefits of an argyrodite‐based solid‐state cathode and a DME/LiFSI/hydrofluoroether‐based anolyte concept – in coin cells and first pouch cells. This disruptive approach enables projected specific energies higher than 600 Wh kg−1 at cell stack level.

Structural analysis and application research for controlled strand length cutting blade of rotary guillotine cutter

In the tobacco processing stage leading to the production of cigarettes, there are strict technical requirements for the structure and proportion of different lengths of cut tobacco following the cutting process. Moreover, the lightweight design of the high-speed rotary-cutting blades is of significant importance during this stage. To better address issues related to the rational design of the blade structure in rotary-cutting cutters and the effective control of size proportion of cut tobacco, this paper establishes a CLSC blade design method featuring concave-convex edges and inter-edge grooves, and provides specific structural schemes. By introducing the structure of the cutting components of the cutter and the cutting process, and by analyzing the differences in layout features between RSEC and CLSC blade structures, as well as their relevance to tobacco cutting and shaping, this paper establishes the installation constraints and mechanical load model for cutter blades under rated conditions. Finite element methods were used to model and analyze both types of cutter blade structures, yielding static and modal analysis data. Furthermore, production verification was conducted on an SD EVO cutter, and data on the rate of different lengths of cut tobacco were obtained. The results show that the mass of the CLSC concave-convex edge cutter blade was reduced by 4.33%, and the static stiffness efficiency was increased by 2.37 times. Although the first-six natural frequencies of the CSLC blade showed degradation in modal analysis, it still met the equipment vibration usage condition. The production verification results indicated that the use of CLSC concave-convex edge cutter blades reduced the long cut rate by 2.48%, increased the medium cut rate by 2.29%, broken cut rate increased by 0.08%, and increased the short cut rate by 0.12%, with an overall reduction in the whole cut rate by 0.19%, achieving the objectives of reducing the long cut rate, controlling the whole cut rate, and not increasing the broken cut rate. The CLSC blades were able to operate continuously, stably, and safely on the rotary-cutting cutter machine. The research presented in this paper can provide a reference for the analysis and design of cutter blade structures in tobacco cutter machines.

The bevel effect: a prospective, randomized investigation into needle design in dental intraligamentary anesthesia.

This in vivo study aimed to assess the impact of needle bevel design on puncture pain, anesthetic success, and mechanical deformations in intraligamentary injection (ILA) cases, comparing a short triple facet cut (STF) to a triple lancet cut (TL) after single or repetitive use. In a prospective single-blind trial, 200 ILA needles (STF, n = 100; TL, n = 100) were randomly assigned for dental procedures. Patients received ILA either with STF or TL needles, used once (group A; n = 50 each) or repeatedly (group B; n = 50). Puncture pain was assessed using a numerical rating scale (NRS). Anesthetic success was determined via cold spray (yes/no), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyzed needle tip deformations. Puncture pain did not significantly differ between STF and TL, regardless of needle use or injection area. Success rates were comparable in single use (82% STF vs. 79% TL; p > 0.05). For repetitive use, STF exhibited a significantly higher success rate (80% vs. 69%; p = 0.012). Mechanical deformations were prevalent in 97.5% of needles, with TL showing greater deformations than STF after single and repeated uses. Barbs were more common in TL (90/100) than STF (84/100), with a higher relative risk for barbed-like deformation in TL (RR single use: 1.26; p < 0.001; multiple use: 7.87, p < 0.001). The short triple facet-designed bevel demonstrated significantly less mechanical deformation, suggesting potential advantages in maintaining needle lumen patency. The intraligamentary needle bevel design is linked to mechanical deformation and anesthetic success after repetitive use, but not to puncture pain.

Micro-discharge in tortuous pores： “splitting-quenching” of primary ionization wave and the role of pre-ionization

Abstract Porous discharge has been widely studied recent years, however the discharge development inside the pores with complicated structure was little involved. In this paper, the discharge developments in vertical and tortuous pore are studied using a 2D fluid model established by COMSOL Multiphysics. The discharge develops symmetrically and bilaterally in vertical pore, and along the higher potential sidewall in tortuous pore, respectively. For tortuous pore, there are two pre-ionization process with negative and positive polarity successively, the latter one splits off from the former one and is in the form of multiple ionizing heads propagating simultaneously in string. The negative one can induce the primary discharge to deflect at the channel elbow joint in a “splitting-quenching” way or directly deflect it by bridging with it. For the postive one, the multiple ionizing heads can distort the electric field and short cut the potential and thus accelerate the primary discharge. Furthermore, the discharge can be enhanced deep inside the tortuous pore by the large number of seed electrons provided by pre-ionization. The influence of the dielectric constant is also studied, with the dielectric constant increases, the discharge can maintain bilateral morphology in tortuous pores for a deeper development distance.

Emergent Nucleosynthesis from a 1.2 s Long Simulation of a Black Hole Accretion Disk

We simulate a black hole accretion disk system with full-transport general relativistic neutrino radiation magnetohydrodynamics for 1.2 s. This system is likely to form after the merger of two compact objects and is thought to be a robust site of r-process nucleosynthesis. We consider the case of a black hole accretion disk arising from the merger of two neutron stars. Our simulation time coincides with the nucleosynthesis timescale of the r-process (∼1 s). Because these simulations are time-consuming, it is common practice to run for a “short” duration of approximately 0.1–0.3 s. We analyze the nucleosynthetic outflow from this system and compare the results of stopping at 0.12 and 1.2 s. We find that the addition of mass ejected in the longer simulation as well as more favorable thermodynamic conditions from emergent viscous ejecta greatly impacts the nucleosynthetic outcome. We quantify the error in nucleosynthetic outcomes between short and long cuts.

Глоттогенез Г. Гийома в свете данных общего, индоевропейского и романского языкознания. Часть 1

In this article, the phenomenon of linguistic glottogenesis is studied, which in G. Guillaume's psychosystematic theory is interpreted not as the oldest process of formation of a natural sound language, but as a linguistic change that took place at a short cut of the evolution "Latin – French", and in the works of his followers is considered as a "phenomenon of the development of French analyticism". The article analyzes three concepts of the word-sentence in modern linguistics (none of them coincide with the interpretation of this term in the works of G. Guillaume's followers): 1) as an undifferentiated unit, that goes back to the "diffuse syntax", which fits in with the ideas of syncretism of the "primitive" culture of A.N. Veselovsky; 2) as one-part (nominative and impersonal) sentences; 3) as situational statements that perform the function of remarks in dialogical communication. The syntactic studies of the 20 th – 21 st centuries have shown that the core of the Indo-European utterance is not the nominality defended by G. Guillaume and his followers, but verbal predicativity (argumentative-and-predicate structure). The research into the process of the Indo-European language type evolution elicits the "pre-inflectional" character of Indo-European languages at the "initial" stage of the development, contrary to Guillaume's basic position. Empirical evidence suggests that, synthetism and analyticism, not being the main characteristics in typological classification, are shown to explicate its two types – inflectional and agglutinative. In the history of Indo-European languages, in addition to the shift from synthetic constructions to analytical ones, there was often a reverse process as well.

Effect of Belending Semolina with Red Teff on Nutritional Quality of Short Cut Pasta

Effect of Belending Semolina with Red Teff on Nutritional Quality of Short Cut Pasta

Polyploid tubular cells: a shortcut to stress adaptation

Tubular epithelial cells (TC) compose the majority of kidney parenchyma and play fundamental roles in maintaining homeostasis. Like other tissues, mostly immature TC with progenitor capabilities are able to replace TC lost during injury via clonal expansion and differentiation. In contrast, differentiated TC lack this capacity. However, as the kidney is frequently exposed to toxic injuries, evolution positively selected a response program that endows differentiated TC to maintain residual kidney function during kidney injury. Recently, we and others have described polyploidization of differentiated TC, a mechanism to augment the function of remnant TC after an injury by rapid hypertrophy. Polyploidy is a condition characterized by more than two complete sets of chromosomes. Polyploid cells often display an increased functional capacity and are generally more resilient to stress as evidenced by being conserved across many plants and eukaryote species from flies to mammals. Here, we discuss the occurrence of TC polyploidy in different contexts and conditions and how this integrates into existing concepts of kidney cell responses to injury. Collectively, we aim at stimulating the acquisition of novel knowledge in the kidney field as well as accelerating the translation of this basic response mechanism to the clinical sphere.

O TIPOVIMA GOVORA U ROMANU „NEBO, TAKO DUBOKO“ VESNE KAPOR

The paper examines models of reported speech in Vesna Kapor’s novel Nebo, tako duboko from the point of view of syntax and stylistics. According to the clas- sification by Miloš Kovačević, the following types of reported speech were identified in the novel: 1) direct speech (basic model), 2) direct speech without dialogue tags, 3) free indirect speech, 4) free indirect speech accompanied with narrator’s voice, 5) free indirect speech introduced with verba dicendi and free indirect speech representing character’s voices that are not spoken aloud, 6) direct speech which contains fragments of character’s words, 7) direct speech containing deictic expressions instead of character’s exact words, 8) monologic direct speech, 9) indirect speech (basic model), 10) indirect speech without subordinate conjunctions, 11) expressive indirect speech, which maintains interrogative form and question marks, and 12) semi-direct speech. The dominant model used in the novel is the free indirect speech introduced with quotation marks or introductory expressions, which is in accordance with the specific graphostylemic features of the text. Quotation marks appear almost as an exception, and italics have a very specific role in demarcation of the text segments. The author’s choice is extremely stylogenic and justified, since it achieves a shift of the reader’s focus from a literal factual sequence of events to an emotional engagement and a kind of participation in reviving the memory of Tara. The echoes of the past, the time she was still alive, are expressed with short and concise cuts of memory. Reviving the memory of Tara makes her alive in a way

Does the Low and Short Medial Cut Affect Lingual Nerve Recovery after Sagittal Split Osteotomy?

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the recovery of lingual nerve (LN) neurosensory function in patients undergoing sagittal split osteotomy (SSO) with a low and short medial horizontal cut. This was a prospective study of patients with mandibular deformities undergoing SSO with a low and short medial horizontal cut over a 4-year period. The outcomes of interest were neurosensory recovery of the LN, as assessed objectively using functional sensory recovery (FSR) and subjectively by patient report. The sample included 123 SSOs in 62 subjects with a mean age of 19.3 ± 3.1 years. Thirty-seven subjects (61.7%) were female. Mandibular advancements were performed in 52 SSOs (42.3%); mandibular setbacks were performed in 71 SSOs (57.7%). One subject underwent revision BSSO. FSR was achieved at 122 LNs (99.1%) within 6 weeks postoperatively, with 120 sites (97.5%) having S4 sensation at 6 weeks. Decreased LN sensation was reported at 10 (8.3%) sites at 1 week postoperatively. At 6 weeks postoperatively, 118 sites (97.5%) had reported normal sensation. By 12 weeks postoperatively, all LN sites had S4 sensation and there were no subjective complaints. Revision sagittal split osteotomy was associated with prolonged (≥6 weeks) time to S4 sensation ( P = 0.02) and subjective complaint of decreased sensation ( P = 0.02). LN sensory recovery occurs rapidly following the low and short SSO, with 99% of sites achieving FSR and subjectively normal sensation within 6 weeks of surgery and all patients achieving FSR with S4 sensation by 12 weeks postoperatively. LN sensory recovery may be prolonged in patients undergoing revision SSO. Therapeutic, IV.

An intelligent plate fin-and-tube heat exchanger design system through integration of CFD, NSGA-II, ANN and TOPSIS

This paper attempts to develop an intelligent plate fin-and-tube heat exchanger (PFTHE) design system, which is entirely self-programming, to achieve quickly design. The proposed design system consists of four modules: (1) formulation, (2) optimization, (3) post-processing, and (4) decision-making. The proposed design system is implemented and validated with the application of shape optimization of ellipse tubes of plate-fin heat exchanger. In the formulation module, the physical problem to be studied is mathematized and the main design variables will be determined. In the optimization module, a famous algorithm, non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm of type II (NSGA-II), is embedded in an in-house Multi-concept Heat Transfer (MHT) code to achieve call CFD simulation during optimization process. To reduce computation time, Open multi-processing (OpenMP) is employed. The optimal solutions (Pareto solutions) obtained by the optimization module will be stored in the database and also taken as the input for the post-processing module and the decision-making module. In the post-processing module, Artificial neural network (ANN) is utilized to establish the correlation between design variables and heat transfer performance indicators assisting engineers to quickly design. As a short cut for heat exchanger design, both forward and backward designs have been implemented. Finally, in the decision-making module, technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) is applied to determine the best compromise solution from Pareto solutions according to the actual requirements provided by users. Results show that the proposed design system could determine a best compromise solution by reducing the pressure drop (80%) of the tube bundle without sacrificing too much heat transfer performance (5%) and also save much time for designers. For the forward design, the ANNs taken six decision variables as inputs are modelled to forecast two objectives has reached acceptable precisions. This research provides a promising tool for PFTHE optimization to improve heat transfer and comprehensive performance, also for quickly design based on historical simulation or experimental results.

Quick and Dirty � Short Cuts for Option Lovers

Highlighting a few shortcuts in option pricing, in the spirit of sanity checks, quick answers, and passing interview questions.

The Representation of Humanity in Asif Currimbhoy’s Inquilab

In recent decades, mankind has been progressing towards the advancement in the name of technology. At the hand of advancement and development, the elements of basic humanity are doomed under the hypocrisy in society. There is a need for the insurgence of humanity over inhumanity to save mankind. Every human being, in the interaction of self and society, tries to accommodate the soul for the best of human nature. If this is the element to be drawn for the artistic play, Asif Currimbhoy has the advantage in every manner to make use of the elemental psychic drama molded into an excellent play. The present play by Asif Currimbhoy, Inquilab portrays human nature with the zeal of representation of humanity over the doomed system of injustice caused in society. It tries to pave a way to bear the torch towards humanity over adversity of the human psyche in the name of feudalism. Finally, it also searches for the redressal of mechanisms in the human behavior, as the Naxalite way of life is not a short cut, nor a sole way out for many filthy problems of society and does not bring the wanted means of democracy.

Dissolving Constraints for Riemannian Optimization

In this paper, we consider optimization problems over closed embedded submanifolds of [Formula: see text], which are defined by the constraints c(x) = 0. We propose a class of constraint-dissolving approaches for these Riemannian optimization problems. In these proposed approaches, solving a Riemannian optimization problem is transferred into the unconstrained minimization of a constraint-dissolving function ( CDF ). Different from existing exact penalty functions, the exact gradient and Hessian of CDF are easy to compute. We study the theoretical properties of CDF and prove that the original problem and CDF have the same first-order and second-order stationary points, local minimizers, and Łojasiewicz exponents in a neighborhood of the feasible region. Remarkably, the convergence properties of our proposed constraint-dissolving approaches can be directly inherited from the existing rich results in unconstrained optimization. Therefore, the proposed constraint-dissolving approaches build up short cuts from unconstrained optimization to Riemannian optimization. Several illustrative examples further demonstrate the potential of our proposed constraint-dissolving approaches. Funding: The research of N. Xiao and K.-C. Toh is supported by the Ministry of Education of Singapore Academic Research Fund Tier 3 [Grant MOE-2019-T3-1-010]. The research of X. Liu is supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 12125108, 11971466, 12288201, 12021001, and 11991021]; the National Key R&amp;D Program of China [Grants 2020YFA0711900 and 2020YFA0711904]; and the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Grant ZDBS-LY-7022].

The Selected Letters of John Berryman ed. by Philip Coleman and Calista McRae

<i>The Selected Letters of John Berryman</i> ed. by Philip Coleman and Calista McRae

Efficacy of homoeopathic medicine Formica Rufa 30ch in the management of osteoarthritis of knee joint using womac index score method

Osteoarthritis is a chronic degenerative disorder of multifactorial etiology characterized by the loss of articular cartilage, hypertrophy of bone at the margins, subchondral sclerosis and range of biochemical and morphological alterations of the synovial membrane and joint capsule.Homoeopathic philosophy does not favour the use of temporary pain killers or short cuts in treating diseases. Homoeopathy treats the patients as a whole by considering the symptoms. There are several Medicines found to be effective in the management of Osteoarthritis. This is an attempt to evaluate the efficacy of Homoeopathic Medicine Formica Rufa 30CH in the treatment of Osteoarthritis of Knee Joint. Hence I selected this homoeopathic medicine Formica Rufa.

Biomimetic nanoprodrugs from fatty acid modified camptothecin and albumin for enhanced pharmacotherapy.

Design of nanovectors inspired by nature is a short cut to improve the efficacy and bioavailability of chemotherapeutic agents, while reduce the toxicity. In this work, strongly hydrophobic camptothecin (CPT) was modified with different chain length of fatty acid (C4, C9 and C18) to synthesize CPT4C, CPT9C and CPT18C, respectively. CPT4C, CPT9C and CPT18C could complex with human serum albumin (HSA) readily to prepare CPT4C-HSA, CPT9C-HSA and CPT18C-HSA nanoagents. In vitro MTT assays demonstrated CPT18C-HSA possessed the highest cell killing capacity, due to the elevated cellular uptake that resulted from albumin-mediated transportation. In vivo tumor inhibition experiments verified that CPT18C-HSA had the most remarkable antitumor efficiency with distinctly lowered physiological toxicity. It could be used in large doses without obvious side effects. We believe this albumin-mediated transportation mode has great potential for efficient delivery of hydrophobic and/or physiologically unstable drugs.

Deaths due to hydrogen sulphide on a jack up rig at Bombay High: an avoidable accident.

An enclosed space is an area with poor or no natural ventilation which is not designed for continuous occupancy, where access is limited and which may contain a dangerous atmosphere. Enclosed space atmospheres can be hazardous due to one or a combination of the conditions which includes oxygen deficiency; presence of toxic and/or flammable gases. When it is intended that personnel should enter or work in an enclosed space, care should be taken to create and maintain safe working conditions. The case report describes an incident on board an oil rig where the rig workers were exposed to noxious gases resulting in multiple fatalities. Work involved gas sampling/monitoring at various locations inside the "spud tanks" of the rig and certifying it free of noxious gases for marine surveyor's inspection. Contributory factors that have been frequently identified following enclosed space accident investigations are non-compliance with procedures, inappropriate equipment, poor supervision, complacency and over familiarity leading to short cuts being taken, detection and monitoring equipment not used or not working properly and improper action in an emergency. Preventive measures to avoid such accidents and create a safe working area are discussed.

The Rise of ADHD Diagnosis in the UK – A Clinician’s Perspective

Attention-deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) has a reputation for being overly diagnosed. While the recent BBC panorama documentary exposing the scandals of some private clinics inappropriately diagnosing ADHD was welcomed, it may have perhaps fuelled the fear of a misdiagnosis and reduced trust in private providers. My own conundrum with the documentary included not addressing the real issue with diagnosing adult ADHD in the UK, which is the scarcity in resources within NHS resulting in people suffering from undiagnosed condition longer if they don’t access private healthcare. An article, “ADHD Short Cuts: A National Scandal For UK” by Nancy Doyle, in Forbes, May 2023 raised some of the valid concerns regarding ADHD diagnosis in the UK. I echo Nancy’s reflections in the article and strongly feel myself that we need to understand the issues in ADHD diagnosis (in the UK) which are much more than a ‘misdiagnosis’ or ‘an over diagnosing situation’. Personally, I am not sure if the issue of ‘over diagnosing ADHD’ is as true as it is perceived to be!