Short Body Research Articles

Sex-related associations between body height and cognitive impairment among low-income elderly adults in rural China: a population-based cross-sectional study

BackgroundBody height is a marker of childhood health and cumulative net nutrition during growth periods. However, sex-specific associations between body height and cognitive impairment are not well known in northern rural China.MethodsWe assessed sex differences in the association between body height and cognitive impairment in a low-income elderly population in rural China. A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2014 to August 2014 to collect basic information from elderly residents aged 60 years and older in rural areas of Tianjin, China. Body height and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores were measured, and the relationships between these variables were assessed.ResultsA total of 1081 residents with a mean age of 67.7 years were enrolled in this study. After adjusting for age, educational attainment, smoking status, drinking status, and the presence of hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia, higher body height was found to be associated with a decreased prevalence of cognitive impairment in elderly men. Each 1-dm increase in height was associated with a 37% decrease in the prevalence of cognitive impairment. However, there was no significant association between body height and cognitive impairment among elderly women.ConclusionIn conclusion, shorter body height was related to cognitive impairment independently of age, educational attainment, lifestyle factors, and health-related comorbid factors among low-income elderly men in rural China. Accordingly, shorter elderly men may be targeted for effective dementia prevention in rural China.

Penyuluhan Kesehatan Cegah Stunting dengan Perbaikan Pola Makan, Pola Asuh Dan Sanitasi pada Ibu Hamil di UPT Puskesmas Antang

: Stunting is a chronic malnutrition problem caused by lack of nutritional intake for a long time, resulting in growth disorders in children, namely the child's height is lower or shorter (short) than the standard age. The condition of a child's short body is often said to be a hereditary factor (genetic) from both parents, so that many people just accept it without doing anything to prevent it. In fact, as we all know, genetics is a determinant of health that has the least effect when compared to behavioral, environmental (social, economic, cultural, political) factors and health services. In other words, stunting is a preventable problem. Stunting is a growth failure problem experienced by infants under 5 years of age who are malnourished since in the womb until the baby is born. Assessment of stunting nutritional status can be done through anthropometric measurements of TB/U classified through nutritional classification status. Stunting is a condition where the child's height is shorter than the height of children his age. According to UNICEF, stunting occurs in children aged 0 to 59 months with a height below minus (moderate and severe stunting) and minus three (chronic stunting) measured from the WHO child growth standards. In Indonesia, stunting is still a health problem in quite a large number. Based on the 2013 Basic Health Research, around 37.2 percent of Indonesian children under the age of 5 are stunted.

DETECTION OF OSTEOPOROSIS IN PANORAMIC IMAGE RADIOGRAPH AREA OF MANDIBLE BONE USING HARRIS CORNER DETECTION

Every human will grow older. The aging process in a person is characterized by osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a person's bone condition becomes porous and fragile. Marked by a decrease in bone tissue that is easily fragile or broken, a bent back and a shorter body. Alternative detection of osteoporosis can be done by X-ray image of the jaw bone from dental panoramik which analyzed the texture using machine learning and image processing techniques. Harris Corner Detection is a corner detection system that is often used because it is able to produce consistent values in images that experience rotation, scaling, variations in lighting and having lots of noise. Angular detection using the Harris method is based on variations in signal intensity. A large variation in intensity indicates the angle of the image. In the process of osteoporosis detection system using image processing, it is started from preprocessing, processing and final results. The data used in the study were 152 data, with 3 stages of classification, namely : 3-20 years old, 20-40 years old and 40-71 years old group. Based on the expert validation calculation that has been done, the percentage of suitability of the 3-20 years old group is 100%, group 20-40 years old is 98.78%, age group 40-71 years old is 76.47%.

«Персидские» и «римские» собаки в средневековом Китае

Historical and literary works and archaeological materials (such as pottery figurines, tomb murals and reliefs, paintings etc.) recorded the spread of foreign dog breeds in the territory of China since the period of the Northern dynasties and their highest popularity among Chinese upper class during Tang epoch. At the present time there is information about two breeds — “Persian” dogs and “Roman” dogs. “Persian” dogs (Bosi gou, Bosi quan) were the hunting dogs with a thin elongated body, long legs, short-haired, probably, related to Saluki. “Roman” dogs (Fulin gou, Fulin quan) were miniature dogs with short body and legs, long-haired, black and white spotted, probably, originated from Maltese dogs. They performed a decorative function and served as companions of women and children. Apparently, originally both “Persian” and “Roman” dogs were imported into China along the Silk Road via Sogdian city-states of Central Asia and the states of Western Regions (Xiyu). Later, the breeding of these dogs started in China in order to meet the demand for the prestigious home pets among the Chinese elite.

Effects of sago starch on body weight, food intake, caecum short chain fatty acids, adipose tissue, and hepatic lipid content of fat-induced Sprague Dawley rats

Sago starch which naturally contains high amount of resistant starch, comes to the attention due to its ability to confer health benefits as functional food i.e., prebiotic. The present work aimed to investigate the effects of sago starch consumption on body weight, satiation, caecum short chain fatty acids body, and hepatic lipid content on diet-induced obese rats for obesity management. A total of 36 male Sprague Dawley rats were fat-induced and divided into the obesity-prone and obesity-resistant groups. Eight percent and sixteen percent resistant starch from sago and Hi-maize260 were incorporated into the standardised feed formulation. Food intake was weighed throughout the intervention period. The caecum sample was subjected to short chain fatty acids analysis using HPLC. Hepatic lipid content was measured using the Folch method. Both dosages of sago starch (8 and 16% SRS) promoted body weight loss with a reduction of food intake, which suggested satiety. No significant differences was observed in the production of lactate, acetate, propionate, and butyrate from the caecum sample. Both dosages of sago starch (8 and 16% SRS) also showed lower hepatic lipid content and visceral adipose tissue than the baseline and control groups. However, 8% sago starch showed the lowest hepatic lipid content in obesity-prone and obesity-resistant groups. Overall results demonstrated that sago starch has the potential as an obesity and overweightness control regime as it promotes satiety, lowers visceral adipose tissue, and reduces hepatic lipid content. Consumers should consider adding sago starch in their daily meals.

THE BRONZE AGE KURGAN NEAR THE VILLAGE OF GROZDEVE IN UMAN REGION

This paper presents the data from the excavation of the kurgan 6 near the village of Grozdeve in Uman region of the Cherkasy oblast. The complex was investigated by the Expedition of the Cherkasy Archaeological Rescue Surveys in 2011. This kurgan was a component of the large kurgan group located to the east and north-east from the village of Grozdeve, near the road Uman — Kirovohrad in the direction of the village of Babanka. Topographically the kurhan cemetery is located on top of the watershed of the rivers Umanka (from the west) and Revukha (from the east), which flow into the Yatran river (basing of the Southern Buh).
 Kurhan 6 was located in the central part of the group. The southern part of the kurgan was partly destroyed by the road, which was built in 1950s. Initially the elevation of kurgan reached 2.5—3 m. By the moment of excavations its elevation reached 1.3—1.5 m, and the diameter was measured to 35—40 m. The kurgan included ten burials of the Bronze Age. Eight of those belong to the Yamna culure (3rd mil. BC), two others were attributed to the Babyne cultural complex (the first half of the 2nd mil. BC). Despite the significantly destroyed mound, profiles preserved the stratigraphy of the kurgan. The buried soil and at least two mounds were identified.
 Yamna burials are similar to the Southern Buh variation of the Yamna culutural complex by its ritual: nearly rectangular pits covered with wood, remains of bark on the floor, position of skeletons, burials of two people, western and eastern orientation of buried, use of ochre etc. Two burials included ceramic pots with a short neck, egg-shaped body and sharp bottom. Those are dated to the late period of Yamna culture.
 Babyne burials do not have significant features. Both are characterized by nearly rectangular pits of a small size and depth, organic remains on the floor and wooden constructions in burials, eastern orientation of buried, the lack of inventory. These burials are dated to the late period of the culture (Dnipro-Prut Babyne culture).

The effects of Tbx15 and Pax1 on facial and other physical morphology in mice.

DNA variants in or close to the human TBX15 and PAX1 genes have been repeatedly associated with facial morphology in independent genome‐wide association studies, while their functional roles in determining facial morphology remain to be understood. We generated Tbx15 knockout (Tbx15 −/−) and Pax1 knockout (Pax1 −/−) mice by applying the one‐step CRISPR/Cas9 method. A total of 75 adult mice were used for subsequent phenotype analysis, including 38 Tbx15 mice (10 homozygous Tbx15 −/−, 18 heterozygous Tbx15 +/−, 10 wild‐type Tbx15 +/+ WT littermates) and 37 Pax1 mice (12 homozygous Pax1 −/−, 15 heterozygous Pax1 +/−, 10 Pax1 +/+ WT littermates). Facial and other physical morphological phenotypes were obtained from three‐dimensional (3D) images acquired with the HandySCAN BLACK scanner. Compared to WT littermates, the Tbx15 −/− mutant mice had significantly shorter faces (p = 1.08E‐8, R2 = 0.61) and their ears were in a significantly lower position (p = 3.54E‐8, R2 = 0.62) manifesting a “droopy ear” characteristic. Besides these face alternations, Tbx15 −/− mutant mice displayed significantly lower weight as well as shorter body and limb length. Pax1 −/− mutant mice showed significantly longer noses (p = 1.14E‐5, R2 = 0.46) relative to WT littermates, but otherwise displayed less obvious morphological alterations than Tbx15 −/− mutant mice did. We provide the first direct functional evidence that two well‐known and replicated human face genes, Tbx15 and Pax1, impact facial and other body morphology in mice. The general agreement between our findings in knock‐out mice with those from previous GWASs suggests that the functional evidence we established here in mice may also be relevant in humans.

Developing “My Plate” Poster as a Nutrition Education Media of Pregnant Women in Efforts to Prevent Stunting

One of nutritional problems experienced by toddlers is stunting, which is a short or very short body condition in children due to chronic malnutrition that occurs from pregnant women to children aged 2 years. Nutrition education is a method and effort to increase knowledge of nutrition and eating behavior in order to create optimal nutritional status. Education for the “My Plate” poster is important for pregnant women to implement a healthy diet and to meet daily nutritional needs as an effort to prevent stunting. This research was conducted by interview method. From the result of this research, a poster of “My Plate-Pregnant Women” has been designed as a nutrition education media. 
 
 Keywords: Nutriotion Education Poster, Pregnant Women, Stunting

Aborjinia corallicola sp. n., a new nematode species (Nematoda: Marimermithidae) associated with the bamboo coral Acanella arbuscula (Johnson)

A new species of Aborjinia Özdikmen, 2010 is described from the tissues of the cold-water bamboo coral Acanella arbuscula (Johnson) from the northwest Atlantic. Aborjinia corallicolasp. n. is characterized by 18.4–33.2 mm long body in adults; outer labial and cephalic sensilla papilliform and located 14–21 µm from anterior end, amphideal aperture located 22–41 µm from anterior end, excretory pore indistinct, rectum and anal opening functional, convex-conoid tail with broadly rounded terminus, spinneret subventral. It is placed in the genus Aborjinia based on the combination of the following characters: outer labial and cephalic sensilla papilliform in shape and located in one circle, contrary to Marimermis Rutsov & Platonova, 1974 (outer labial and cephalic sensilla setiform) and Ananus Rubtsov, 1977 and Thalassonema Ward, 1933 (outer labial and cephalic sensilla in separate circles, if known). From Aborjinia eulagiscae Tchesunov & Spiridonov, 1985 the new species differs in much shorter body, much shorter tail, presence of caudal glands and spinneret in adults, different host species. Our finding represents the first report of a nematode in a parasitic relationship with a cold-water octocoral. Phylogenetic relationships between Aborjinia and other nematodes are analyzed based on 18S rDNA sequences. Summary of all presently known species and genera of the family Marimermithidae is also given.

Risk factors and outcomes of unrecognised endobronchial intubation in major trauma patients

BackgroundEmergency tracheal intubation during major trauma resuscitation may be associated with unrecognised endobronchial intubation. The risk factors and outcomes associated with this issue have not previously been fully defined.MethodsWe retrospectively...

Pemberian Makanan Pendamping ASI (MP-ASI) Dini Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Anak Balita di Desa Kamal Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat

Stunting (short body) in toddlers is a manifestation of chronic nutritional deficiency. Stunting in toddlers needs special attention because it can hamper the physical and mental development of children. Stunting is associated with an increased risk of illness and death as well as stunted growth of motor and mental abilities. There are many factors that cause stunting, including giving MP-ASI which is too early for babies, namely < 6 months. Children who are given complementary feeding too early are at risk of stunting. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between early complementary feeding and the incidence of stunting in under-five children in Kamal Village, West Seram Regency. Methods This research uses descriptive research using a cross sectional design. The study was conducted in December 2020. Sampling was done by purposive sampling method and the number of samples was 80 children under five. The data were analyzed by using the chi square test. The results showed that there was a relationship between early complementary feeding and the incidence of stunting in children under five in Kamal Village with a value of 0,025 < 0,05. Suggestions to health workers to increase mother's knowledge about giving the right MP-ASI for babies through counseling and training. Keywords: Stunting, Complementary Foods for Early Breastfeeding, Toddlers

Appearances of Local Prolific Ewes in Semarang Regency Central Java Indonesia

The present study examined the quantitative and qualitative physical parameters of prolific local ewes in Bawen and Jambu districts, Central Java. We used purposive sampling to select and categorized 132 local, three-lambing ewes into three groups based on their prolific capacity: 66 single, 49 twins and 17 triplets. The data were subjected to analysis of variance using Chi-Square. The result showed that many quantitative properties of prolific ewes resembled those of fat-tailed sheep: thin tail, highly significant (P<0.01) compared to fat tails; straight face, highly significant (P<0.01); and fewer convex face and short body, significant (P<0.05) with a tall body in the non-prolific ewes. Few prolific ewes had big ears and black-white wool and significantly different (P<0.05) from the non-prolific ewes. Conclusively, local prolific ewes had a qualitative appearance more closely related to that of thin-tailed ewes, but greater quantitative performances than the non-prolific ewes.

Two Decades of Abdominal Aortic Endovascular Repair With the Anatomical FiXation at the Aortic Bifurcation in a Large Single-Center Experience

Objective: The introduction of new endograft models improved long-term results of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) endovascular repair (EVAR), but most of them maintained an old and unchanged design: a short body and long legs shifting up the flow divider. This study assessed the long-term results of EVAR with unimodular endoprosthesis fixed at the aorto-iliac bifurcation (Anatomical FiXation), in a large, unselected cohort. Materials and Methods: In a single-center, retrospective cohort study, 623 patients selectively treated between 1999 and 2016, were analyzed. Follow-up protocol included at least a computed tomography angiography within 3 months and a duplex ultrasound and clinical exam yearly. All enrolled patients were analyzed by 2020. The primary outcomes were technical success, clinical success, and survival. Secondary outcomes included survival-free from late-open-conversion (LOC), reintervention, and endoleaks. Results: Median age was 74±11 years and the follow-up 93±54 months. The technical success was achieved in 99.4% and the 30-day clinical success was 98.4%. A 5-year clinical success of 97.7% was registered and at 10 years success was 96.7%. The overall survival at 1, 5, 10, and 15 years was 92.4%, 79.5%, 64.9%, and 45.5%, respectively. Six (0.98%) AAA-related death were registered, 3 caused by infection of the endograft and 3 for secondary rupture. LOCs were 9 (1.47%) and reintervention-free survival at 1, 5, 10, and 15 years were 88.4%, 78.0%, 76.2%, and 74.6%, respectively. Freedom from endoleaks was 88.8% at 1 year and 72.7% at 15 years. A total of 63 high-flow endoleaks were registered (43 type I, 7 type IIIa, 12 type IIIb, and 1 type Ib+IIIb). No migrations were recorded, and the graft limb thrombosis rate was 1.14%. From a multivariate analysis resulted that long-term clinical success appeared to be reduced in patients affected by diabetes [odds ratio (OR) 0.24; p=0.04] and in presence of calcified and thrombotic iliac accesses (OR 0.16; p=0.006). Conclusion: EVAR with the Anatomical FiXation was confirmed to be safe, feasible, and effective to prevent AAA rupture in the long term as well. However, the overall survival remains afflicted by cardiovascular accident. The original concept of unibody bifurcated design allowed a very low rate of graft thrombosis and zeroed the risk of migration and related reintervention.

Significant neuropsychiatric symptoms: three mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIB cases, two of whom were siblings with a novel NAGLU gene mutation

ABSTRACT Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) type IIIB patients present with marked neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric problems and not with typical MPS symptoms such as coarse facial features, organomegaly, or short body height, especially at the first presentation. We present three pediatric cases, two of which are sisters with novel NAGLU gene mutations, to emphasize that diagnosis of MPS type IIIB should be remembered in patients presenting with neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric problems such as delayed speech, autistic-like symptoms, severe behavioral and sleep problems, motor deterioration or idiopathic intellectual disability with or without refractory epilepsy, especially if there is aconsanguineous marriage.

연령에 따른 재킷 패턴 설계를 위한 30-50대 남성 체형연구

This study attempted to analyze the upper-body shapes of adult men aged from 30 to 59 involved in the 7SUPth/SUP SIZE KOREA Project and to provide basic data for designing jacket patterns by age. This study analyzed a total of 53 measurement items, including 47 direct measurements and six calculations were analyzed, using SPSS 25.0. According to the analysis, beginning the late 30s, a bending body shape was observed, beginning in the late 30s. The belly started to get thicker in the late 40s. Until the early 50s, the upper body looked plain. To account for such issues, the neck point to breast point to waistline should be set to ‘waist back L. + (7-11 mm)’ when designing jacket patterns for men in their 30s, while interscye (front) should be ‘interscye (back) + (33-37 mm)’ when creating jacket patterns for those in their 40-50s. Factor analysis uncovered five different categories: horizontal size of torso, torso height and length of upper limb, shoulder size, length of the upper body, and shoulder angle. Based on such classification, cluster analysis was performed. In Type 1, an obese body type with average height was observed, while a tall slim shape was found in Type 2. Type 3 revealed a tall body shape with a large waist and abdominal circumference. Type 4 was characterized by a short body shape with a small chest and hips. When classified by age, a tall and slim body shape was most common from the early 30s to early 40s. On the contrary, in the late 40s, a short body shape with small chest and hips was most common. Also, an obese body shape with average height and a tall body shape with a large waist and abdominal circumferences were mostly observed in the early 50s and late 50s, respectively.

Peak-Inspiratory-Flow-Rate Guided Inhalation Therapy Reduce Severe Exacerbation of COPD.

Optimal peak inspiratory flow rate (PIFR) is crucial for inhalation therapy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, little is known about the impact of PIFR-guided inhalation therapy on the clinical outcomes among patients with varying severities of COPD. A PIFR-guided inhalation therapy, including PIFR assessment and PIFR-guided inhaler education, was introduced in a pay-for-performance COPD management program in National Taiwan University Hospital. Among 383 COPD patients, there was significant reduction in incidence of severe acute exacerbation in the PIFR-guided inhalation therapy (PIFR group) than conventional inhaler education (control group) (11.9 vs. 21.1%, p = 0.019) during one-year follow-up. A multivariable Cox’s proportional-hazards analysis revealed that the PIFR-guided inhalation therapy was a significant, independent factor associated with the reduced risk of severe exacerbation (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.49, 95% confidence interval, 0.28–0.84, p = 0.011). Subgroup analysis found PIFR-guided inhalation therapy was more beneficial to patients with older age, short body stature, COPD stage 1&2, group C&D (frequent exacerbation phenotype), and using multiple inhalers. This study showed the PIFR-guided inhalation therapy significantly reduced the incidence of severe acute exacerbation than conventional inhaler education in patients with COPD. Careful PIFR-assessment and education would be crucial in the management of COPD.

Distal femoral replacement – Does length matter? Mid-term results for distal femoral replacements

BackgroundReview of mid-term results (five years) for tumour and revision arthroplasty surgery using the Stanmore METS® distal femoral replacement. MethodsData were collected retrospectively for 90 patients for procedures performed between 2002 and 2019. Kaplan-Meier survivorship for implant was estimated at five years post-op. Endpoints for survivorship analysis included revision for any cause and as per Henderson classification. Log rank test was used to compare implant survival for different categorical variables. Musculo-Skeletal Tumour Society (MSTS) score was used to estimate function. ResultsOverall implant survival at five years was 76% (95% CI 66–86). Implants with a short body (<= 45 mm) had significantly better implant survival [87% (95% CI 78–99)] compared to those with larger bodies [63% (95% CI 48–82)] (logrank test, p = 0.031). There was no significant difference in implant survival for tumour and revision arthroplasty patients (logrank test, p = 0.61). Mean MSTS scores (median follow-up = 3.5 years) for tumour and revision arthroplasty patient were 71% and 63% respectively (Wilcoxon rank test, p < 0.05). Higher total number of surgeries was a significant predictor of patient mortality [HR = 0.7 (95% CI 0.49–0.99)]. Longer bodies were a significant predictor of implant failure [HR = 3.2 (95% CI 1.05–10.53), p < 0.05]. ConclusionOverall outcome of Stanmore METS® distal femoral replacement at five years following tumour and revision arthroplasty reconstruction is comparable to the other implants.

Gambaran Tingkat Pendidikan dan Tinggi Badan Orangtua Balita Stunting Usia 24-59 Bulan

Stunting has a large impact on the growth and development of children and also the economy of Indonesia in the future. Stunted toddlers will generally experience obstacles in cognitive and motor development and also have a greater risk for suffering from non- communicable diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and heart disease in adulthood. Parent's level of education and height are the main determinants of stunting. Therefore, the researcher wants to see an overview of the level of education and stunting of parents of stunting toddlers aged 24-59 months in the working area of the Puskesmas Siulak Mukai, Kerinci Regency. This type of research is descriptive research. In determining the number of samples in this study using a total sampling technique that is all parents who have stunting toddlers aged 24-59 months in the working area of the Puskesmas Siulak Mukai Kabupaten Kerinci used as samples with a total sample of 42 stunting toddlers, sampling using the purposive sampling method. Analysis of the data used in this study is univariate analysis. The results showed that the level of education of high school fathers / equivalent was 42.9%, the level of education of high school / fathers as much as 40.5%, father's height was 55% more than the height of short fathers by 45%, high short maternal body as much as 59.5%. The level of education of parents of high school / equivalent and low maternal height can cause children to grow stunting.

Accuracy of Proximal and Occlusal Contacts of Single Implant Crowns Fabricated Using Different Digital Scan Methods: An In Vitro Study.

The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the accuracy of the proximal and occlusal contacts of single implant crowns fabricated with four data capture methods. The resin models were mounted on an articulator, digitized using a laboratory scanner, and saved as a standard tessellation language (STL) file to serve as the master reference model (MRM). Two different intraoral scan body (ISB) systems were evaluated: polyetheretherketone (PEEK) short scan body (SSB) and PEEK long scan body (LSB) (n = 12). The digital impressions (SSB and LSB) were acquired using an intraoral scanner with ISB. Two different conventional techniques were also evaluated: PEEK short scan body with coping plastic cap (CPC) and pick-up coping (PUC) (n = 12). The implant impressions (CPC and PUC) were recorded using a conventional impression technique. The crown and abutment were fabricated with a milling machine and then placed on the resin model and scanned using a laboratory scanner. The scanned files were saved as STL files to serve as test datasets. The MRM and test datasets were superimposed, and the mesial, distal, and occlusal distances were calculated using a 3D inspection software and statistically analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis H test (α = 0.05). The direct data capture group had more accurate contact points on the three surfaces, with mesial contact of 64.7 (12.8) µm followed by distal contact of 65.4 (15) µm and occlusal contact of 147 (35.8) µm in the SSB group, and mesial contact of 84.9 (22.6) µm followed by distal contact of 69.5 (19.2) µm and occlusal contact of 115.9 (27.7) µm in the LSB group (p < 0.001). The direct data capture groups are closer to the ideal proximal and occlusal contacts for single implant crowns than the indirect data capture groups. There was no difference in the accuracy between the two types of scan body (SSB and LSB).

The curious incident of the cast in the airway

A 52-year-old man presented with progressive dyspnoea and productive cough over 4 months. He was in type 2 respiratory failure (pO2 7.99 kPa/60 mm Hg; pCO2 9.32 kPa/70 mm Hg)...