Shopping Streets Research Articles

THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF CITY LEVEL TRADE AREA; AN ANALYSIS OF CONSUMER SHOPPING BEHAVIOR

The flow of goods between retail stores and final consumers may be considered from two standpoints: from the standpoint of the store and from that of the consumer. The sales activity of the store may be analyzed according to the two aggregative concepts of a central place and its market area. It has been assumed in this paper that city households as final consumers actively select stores, while the retail store passively await selection by the consumer. This study focusing on the buying behavior of the active consumer utilizes two concepts of a store cluster and a basic unit area. The store cluster represents the group of shopping facilities used by the consumer. The basic unit area represents the household group of consumers located similarly in relation to commercial environment (i.e. store clusters) and therefore using similar store clusters. Thus, the purchasing activity of city households may be expressed as the relation between basic unit areas and store clusters. Using such a form, this paper attempts to identify patterns in shopping behavior and explore the internal structure of city-level trade area generally. Kazo City, Saitama Prefecture, was the study area for this survey conducted through elementary schools within its legal limit. The survey disclosed that Kazo City households use three types of store clusters: neighborhood store cluster, a store cluster located along the approach to the Kazo central shopping street, and a core store cluster in Kazo central shopping street. On the basis of frequency of purchase, consumer goods may be divided into three types: daily needs, items purchased monthly, durable goods which usually need not be purchased more often than annually. Goods purchased daily would consist of food stuffs. Goods purchased monthly would be drugs, clothes and electric appliances. Goods purchased annually would be such items as furnitures and clocks. As for distribution of purchasing frequency, goods purchased daily represent 88%, goods purchased monthly 11%, and goods purchased annually 1%. Obviously daily needs are met most frequently. Shopping patterns seem to be correlated with the distance between basic unit area and the central shopping street. Designate as A the number of foodstuff stores in a neighborhood store cluster used during a three day period by an average household in a basic unit area. Designate as B the number of foodstuff stores in store clusters (not including those in neighborhood store clusters) used during a three day period by an average household in a basic unit area. In a basic unit area located within a 4_??_6 kilometers radius from Kazo's central shopping street, the households buy almost all daily shopping goods in their respective neighborhood store clusters (3 B_??_A). Goods purchased monthly are bought in the store cluster along the approach to the central shopping cluster, and goods purchased annually are bought in the central shopping cluster. On the other hand, the tendency for purchase of foodstuffs drops for the basic unit area located in a 3_??_4 kilometer radius from the Kazo central shopping street (B<A<3 B). That is, consumers living within this radius tend to use medium-size foodstuff stores in the store cluster along the approach, and large self-service store in the core store cluster. Those living in the basic unit area within a 2_??_3 kilometer radius purchase foodstuffs in neighborhood store clusters even less frequently (A_??_B). These purchasers tend to buy foodstuffs in stores located along the approach, or frequently at the big self-service food stores in the core store cluster. Thus, the internal structure of the Kazo City trade area consists of concentric areas each composed of basic unit areas. In this study of city level trade area and its internal structure, patterns of consumer shopping behavior have been emphasized.

CUSTOMER ATRACTING POWER IN CENTRAL SHOPPING STREETS: THEIR SHARES AND TYPES

In the cities which have the same population and functions, it is found that the central shopping streets in some cities are more thriving than the ones in other cities. And so, the writer intends to explain the relation between the central shopping streets and subsidiaryshopping streets in the cities. To attain this aim, after selecting high quality shops which deal in watches, spectacles, precious metals, etc. and drugstores which deal in daily necessaries in the central shopping streets, the writer has calculated the ratio of the former shops (A) to the latter ones (B), using the formula A/B×2 for the customer attracting power (“2” denotes the ratio of the B consumers of A store to B). The investigations treated here may be summarized as follows: (1) As the city population increases, the index of customer attracting power also tends to increase except for giant cities: the indexes of the customer attracting power are about 10 for one-million cities, about 7-8 for 500-300 thousand, about 5 for 300-500 thousand, about 2 for cities with less than 100 thousand population. (2) The index of the customer attracting power for the central shopping streets is not always related with the concentration of amusement (pachinko houses, movie theatres, etc.), but is related with the numbers of pedestrians on the central shopping streets ; it is also related with the index of the customer attracting power in the central business districts and with the sizes of the urban regions hinterlands for smaller and medium-sized cities. (3) From the shares of the customer attracting power of the central shopping streets to the subsidiaryshopping streets in each urban region, the writer has found out the characteristics of the local concetration and decentralization of shopping function in each urban region. (4) It has been found that the index of the customer attracting power for the central shopping streets in each city is generally ralated with the average land-value of the same streets, and the writer found the following types for the shares of the customers in the central shopping streets in each urban region by means of the land-value insted of the customer attracting power : a1…… Sapporo type, a2 …… Sendai type, a3 …… Fukushima type, b1…… Hiroshima type, b2…… Fukuyama type, c…… Shizuoka type. How the intensity of the customer attracting power in the central shopping streets to the subsidiaryshopping streets in the urban region is influenced by the concentration of the means of transportation, such as buses, tram-cars, etc., the combination of the various functional streets, the custom of the consumers and the commercial conditions of the urban region and its hinterland is not yet analyzed and it awaits future researches.

The Constitution of the Secondary Shopping Streets in Sendai

Lately, the rapid increase of population in large cities has brought the change of the central quarters within the cities. The author made a study of such secondary shopping streets in Sendai City to analyze their changes of the inner structure. Five examples of such secondary shopping streets examined are selected on the ground of the value of real estates along streets, then the author surveyed the number and frontages of their shops by industry.In these five streets, the stores for convenience goods still occupy the majority but in four of them, the maen frontage of the stores for shopping goods is larger than that of of the former. It is supposed that these four, reflecting the expansion of residential quarters in the peripheral parts of the city, have fairly highly developed as secondary shopping streets.

Functional Regions within the City Centre: A Study by Factor Analysis of Taxi Flows in Central London

Functional Regions within the City Centre: A Study by Factor Analysis of Taxi Flows in Central London

Several patterns of the central shopping streets

Several patterns of the central shopping streets

Location of the amusement-halls in the central shopping streets

Location of the amusement-halls in the central shopping streets

Location of banks on the central shopping streets

Location of banks on the central shopping streets

Structure and Location of the Stores on Central Shopping Streets

The results of the author's study on the structure and location of the stores on Central Shopping Streets (C. S. S.) are summarised as follows : (1) The stores closely linked to C. S. S. in each structure are the ones, whose covering articles are less bulky, precious, fashionable and ornamental things, such as ladies' imported articles, ladies' clothes, shoes, cakes, musical instruments, pouches, and watches and precious metals.(2) Department stores have a tendency to be found on C. S. S. in the cities with more than 150, 000 population, and amusement equipments (Pachinko, cinema etc.) on C. S. S. in the medium-sized cities and large cities with 150, 000400, 000 population, and then banks and commercial firms on C. S. S. in the small cities with less than 150, 000 population or the mammoth cities with more than one million population.(3) Location of the speciality stores on C. S. S. such as dealers in ladies, pouches, musical instruments etc. tends to be arranged in groups with their connected stores, with the increase of city population.

4121 神戸市元町商店街の店舗床色彩調査(建築計画)

4121 神戸市元町商店街の店舗床色彩調査(建築計画)

7016 多層ビル(地下街)内の火流の性情(準備実験)(防災)

7016 多層ビル(地下街)内の火流の性情(準備実験)(防災)

DEVELOPMENT OF CENTRAL SHOPPING STREETS

DEVELOPMENT OF CENTRAL SHOPPING STREETS

THE RELATION BETWEEN THE EXTENT OF THE CENTRAL SHOPPING STREETS AND THE SIZE OR THE FUNCTION OF THEIR CITIES

The discussion treated here may be summarized as follows in selecting the land-value on the streets as one of the indicators of the character of the Central Shopping Streets, it becomes clear that the land-value on the Central Shopping Streets is related to such elements as special-stores, illuminations, purchasing-power, and high-class shopping-stores. As the result, it is seen that the extent of the Central Shopping Streets will be controlled by the land-value on the Central Shopping Streets, namely the margin of the Central Shopping Streets is located on the decreasing points of land-value on the streets. And the extent of the Central streets is related generally to the size or the function of their cities. Among the cities in the same ranking, the extent of the Central Shopping Streets in the commercial cities is longer as that a general trend: the extent of Central Shopping Streets is 300-500 meters. in the cities of 5 or 60, 000, 500-800 meters in the 120, 000_??_200, 000, 800-1000 meters in the cities of 200, 000_??_400, 000, while the ones in the industrial or satellite cities are shorter. Therefore, the relation between the extent of the Central Shopping Streets and the size or the function of their cities is not so remarkable as the relation between the average land-values on the Central shopping Streets and the extent of the Central Sopping Streets, and the size or the function of their cities. So the land-value on the streets generally decides the extent of the Central Shopping Streets.

The Market Area of the Shopping Streets in Kyoto City

The characteristis of the market area are: (1) the large one includes the smaller in it, (2) They are connected with each other. As for interior of the city, the market area of the central shopping streets covers the whole eity, in which we find many market areas of the peripheral shopping streets.Central shopping streets means its market area stretching not only to the whole city, but to the outside of the city. Their characteristics are: (1) shops are closed, (2) all shops are specialized, (3) many cinemas and theatres are found in or near the streets. Thus the market area is so wide that many purchasers come to the streets by car and bus.Peripheral shopping street means its market area stretching only to its peripheral area. Shops detail in the daily necessaries. The purchasers are required to come to the street so often that they select the nearest shopping street as their shopping place. Thus the distance between the purchasers and the shopping street must be small. In Kyoto, average distance between them is 7.5 minutes distance on foot.