Shopping District Research Articles

Investigation on Thermal Performance in Japan’s Local Station and Shopping District during Cold Season: Study Case of Kurosaki Arcade

Abstract This research delves into the spatial and thermal comfort conditions within the Kurosaki Shopping District, a market with a century-long history in Kitakyushu, Fukuoka. Despite the existing uncomfortable thermal conditions during winter, users actively engage in outdoor activities such as selling and opening stores. This research aims to understand the condition that the local user had to frequently withstand in the semi outdoor and outdoor area of Kurosaki District station and market’s urban area. Identifying issues related to thermal comfort in the outdoor areas, the study focuses on measuring and analyzing crucial parameters including air velocity, humidity, temperature, and spatial conditions. The method of data gathering uses Anemometer, Thermal recorder, and Globe Thermometer are utilized in 5 selected public areas that is actively frequented by local users. The research employs a comparative analysis method, juxtaposing the collected data with findings from literature reviews on standards and general comfort temperatures. The analysis reveals that temperature fluctuations are influenced by geographical factors and activity levels. The lack of building density contributes significantly to deviations in temperature and humidity from established standards. The study highlights the importance of addressing climatic conditions to enhance comfort in open spaces, especially in historically significant markets with extended operational histories. This research is expected to help policy makers understand the conditions of the local users and gather data for further research in the future.

Exploring the impacts of ecommerce activities on the spatial resilience of warehouse clubs: the role of retail agglomeration

PurposeAs ecommerce becomes more prevalent, traditional brick-and-mortar retailers such as warehouse clubs (WCs) face the challenging task of maintaining and growing their customer base. This study aims to unravel the combined impact of retail agglomeration and ecommerce activities on consumer foot traffic (also referred to as “footprint”) at WC stores, placing an emphasis on the locational strategies adopted by WCs in this evolving retail landscape.Design/methodology/approachMobile-based customer foot traffic data for Costco, a major U.S. WC chain, is sourced for our analysis. We use Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to identify dimensions of general merchandise (GM) and narrow-range merchandise (NM) retail agglomeration. Two-stage least squares (2SLS) regressions are used to explore how the intensity of ecommerce activities and WC locational choices within retail agglomerations impact WC foot traffic.FindingsOur analysis highlights a notable decline in WC store visits attributable to both GM and NM ecommerce activities, with GM ecommerce presenting a more significant competitive challenge to WCs. Regarding retail agglomerations, proximity to GM clusters that include a diverse range of supercenters, department stores, and club stores, is associated with an increase in WC customer visits within their vicinity. In contrast, the influence of NM agglomerations is mixed; clusters adjacent to grocery stores lead to higher WC customer traffic compared to those focused on other specialized stores. These findings underscore the strategic importance of location in mitigating the adverse effects of ecommerce competition. Additionally, our study uncovers intricate dynamics between GM and NM retail clusters and ecommerce activities, demonstrating varied impacts on WC customer footprint.Research limitations/implicationsAccess to customer footprint data illustrates the potential of this data source for retail decision making and researchers. Our analysis is limited to one chain, notably Costco.Practical implicationsOur findings underscore the need for retailers to adeptly navigate the evolving retail landscape, including the confluence between physical and digital retail environments, to secure future success. In particular, our results emphasize the benefits of locating stores within mixed retail agglomerations and underline the need to consider the broader retail landscape in location decisions.Social implicationsThe rise of ecommerce in the U.S. has reshaped consumer behavior and altered local shopping districts’ communal dynamics. This change may spur policy interventions to help physical stores compete with online retailers, emphasizing the importance of retail diversity and community-centric environments to sustain communal retail interactions amidst digital advancements.Originality/valueThe paper makes use of a unique dataset to provide a first assessment of the combined effects of retail agglomeration and ecommerce activities on consumer foot traffic for WC retailers. Thus, this paper provides insights into the impacts on consumer shopping behavior from the dynamic interactions between physical retail clusters and online shopping behaviors.

Designing the Night: Ishikawa Hideaki and Shopping Districts in Nagoya, Japan, 1920–1933

From the 1920s onwards, nights in Japanese industrial cities became increasingly resplendent and bright. This was attributed not only to an expanding urban economy, but also to the emergence of shopping districts, called shōtengai, within which small independent stores united and organised according to neighbourhood. These stores collectively participated in the installation of novel architectural elements: display windows, glass cases, and electric billboards, popularised by the concurrent, nationwide movement of commercial art — shōgyō bijutsu. The case of Nagoya indicated that formation of shōtengai and the shōgyō bijutsu movement affected each other, both promoted by calls for the modernisation of retailing and retail design. This article explicates the logic behind city planner Ishikawa Hideaki’s endeavours to create peoples’ spaces for ease and relaxation in Nagoya amid the ongoing rationalisation of small independent stores’ businesses — in shōtengai and by shōgyō bijutsu. These led him to conceptualise his notable methodology, which he called ‘City Planning for the Night’. This was a strategy to create the formula by which the essential brilliance and liveliness of recreational nightlife in shōtengai were systematically created through integration of the design and management of small independent stores and the shōtengai themselves. Ishikawa’s City Planning for the Night methodology encapsulated his commitment to enhancing the emerging cultural role of shōtengai. While urban quarters, called sakariba — referring to entertainment districts — historically comprised theatres and teahouses surrounding temples and shrines, Ishikawa’s work served to define and design shōtengai as the modern iteration of sakariba.

城市商圈周边的老旧住区“内生长”更新路径——以南京新街口为例

随着中国的城市化建设发展进入存量开发阶段,以调整城市内部功能结构、盘活优化存量空间为目标的城市更新成为城市发展的新常态。自上而下式的外向型扩张与盲目商业开发给城市发展和管理带来了粗放、低效等诸多问题。本文以位于南京新街口商圈周边的老旧住区为研究对象,提出基于产权、用地、人群等要素相互协调的“内生长”更新模式,通过弹性划分产权、协调利益分配、挖掘内部资源、盘活存量空间、多元主体参与等途径,创造激发社区内部活力的老旧住区更新路径。

Business Model of Specialty Food Restaurants in Business Districts: A Case Study of Dongshanzhan Urn Chicken

The development of business districts is a focus of governmental endeavors, and the outcomes of such development are a key benchmark that reflects the effectiveness of governmental policies and the prosperity of local economies. In addition, the successful management of business districts increases the number of international tourists that they attract. However, achieving quick success in business district management is often difficult. Governmental policies can only support the rapid and sustainable development of business districts, and the management of such districts is still dependent largely on collaborations among private stakeholders. These stakeholders shall attempt to identify the unique characteristics of their districts and sustain their development flexibly while improving their reputation. In this manner, the visibility of the districts can be enhanced. Studies have mostly focused on governmental policies and neglected the fact that the development of a business district is mainly dependent on the businesses therein instead of governmental policies. To address this research gap, this study examined the business model of a specialty food restaurant in Dakeng Shopping District, which is located in Beitun District, Taichung. A case study design was adopted to conduct an in-depth examination of the restaurant and clarify the process by which it has solved relevant problems and identified new opportunities for further development since it was founded.

Kurdistan under new attacks

The Turkish November 19, 2022, attack on Rojava dubbed Operation Claw-Sword was reputedly launched in retaliation for the earlier November 13 bomb attack on Istanbul’s sleek shopping district known as Istiklal Street that killed six people and wounded at least 80 more. Although it made no sense for the Kurds to attack Istanbul and thus invite new Turkish wrath, Turkey quickly blamed the PKK and its kin Syrian Democratic Forces/Democratic Union Party/Peoples’ Defense Units (SDF/PYD/YPG) in Rojava for the atrocity despite their quick denial. On November 22, Turkey escalated these air strikes by hitting an SDF/PYD/YPG military base adjacent to the main US military base in northeastern Syria housing some of the approximately 900 remaining few but strategically important troops the United States still maintains in Syria. No U.S. casualties were reported. However, a Pentagon spokesman declared that the Turkish airstrike had “directly threatened” U.S. troops stationed in the area. Thus, there is the danger of disastrous miscalculations that could lead to Turkish clashes with the United States. Although there is no credible evidence about who perpetrated the original bombing in Istanbul, one might speculate that some rogue Turkish intelligence element carried out a false flag operation to win support for Erdogan’s upcoming reelection scheduled for June 18, 2023. The PKK and SDF/PYD/YPG have accused Turkey of having used such attacks as a pretext for invasions in the past. General Mazloum Abdi (aka Mazlum Kobane), the SDF commander, claimed the reputed bomber, Ahlam Al-Bashir, was related to ISIS jihadists via her brothers and past husbands, some of whom were killed in battles against Kurdish forces. Also possible is a reputed rogue PKK element, such as the so-called Kurdistan Falcons/Hawks blamed in the past for similar violent atrocities. A jihadist group might also be responsible. Meanwhile, the midterm elections in the United States paradoxically both strengthened and weakened U.S. president Joseph Biden’s hand in all this.

영산강하굿둑 건설에 따른 음식소비공간의 변화

This study aims to clarify how the construction of the Yeongsangang Estuary dam, socioeconomic changes after the construction of the Yeongsangang Estuary dam for Myeongsan-ri and Gujinpo, which are representative grilled eel sites along the Yeongsangang River, affected the food consumption space in this area. Myeongsan-ri was very prosperous during the Japanese colonial era as there was a grilled eel restaurant along with an eel canning factory by the Japanese, but after the liberation, the Japanese withdrew from the country and failed to inherit their reputation from the past. Gujinpo has flourished since the 1960s, but its influence has weakened as the construction of the Yeongsangang Estuary dam has shifted from natural eels to cultured eels and formed a large-scale grilled eels food culture. The 4-River Restoration Project was incorporated into the existing shopping district as a road, and some of the restaurant buildings were demolished, and some of them continued to operate by moving places, but some gave up the project, significantly weakening the placeness of food culture in Gujinpo.

Evaluating a Smartphone Application for Promoting Shopping District Using Paper Map and Augmented Reality

Evaluating a Smartphone Application for Promoting Shopping District Using Paper Map and Augmented Reality

東京・自由が丘に見る、都心部商店街の現状とこれから

東京・自由が丘に見る、都心部商店街の現状とこれから

Tenant Mix and Retail Rents in High Street Shopping Districts

Urban areas have long had shopping districts in which retail properties are concentrated. It is argued that the diversity of retail tenants, often called tenant mix, contributes to the image and attractiveness of the high street shopping district. These districts are characterized by fragmented ownership and therefore the tenant mix is outside the control of individual property investors. We aim to explore the relationship between tenant mix and retail rents by studying high street shopping districts in the Netherlands. We start with delineating high street shopping districts using granular data on the spatial distribution of retail jobs. Within each shopping district, tenant mix is measured using detailed information on SBI sector classification and the number of retail properties. We find shopping districts with greater tenant mix show higher retail rents compared to districts with lower tenant mix.

Highrise in Brande—highlighting change in Danish urban planning

ABSTRACT In recent decades, we have witnessed a move towards a further protection of central urban cores through introduction of retail planning in Denmark. Recent changes in legislation have significantly changed these principles through a planning reform as proposed by the liberal government and adopted by Danish parliament in 2017. The change in legislation fits with a longer trend of liberalization of spatial planning in Denmark since the mid-2000s. 4th of June 2019 it was announced that the building of a high- rise tower and accompanying shopping district was put on hold by the developer. A project proposed for outside the town of Brande, which due to its radical appearance had caused a stir in architectural- and urban planning communities. Before the 2017 planning reform, such a project would be impossible due to the retail planning sections in the Danish planning act. This purpose of this article is to unfold the project in Brande, the change in legislation, which made it possible, and the precedence it sets for Danish urban planning. The change in planning legislation and practice is contextualized with a historical background for Danish urban planning, and the change in planning principles is set in an international- and theoretical context.

Relationship between the Strolling Activity of Visitors with Babies and Their Breastfeeding Activity in a Shopping District

Relationship between the Strolling Activity of Visitors with Babies and Their Breastfeeding Activity in a Shopping District

Exploring the Impacts of Gentrified Traditional Retail Markets in Lisbon in Local Neighbourhoods

This article explores recent transformations in retail in Lisbon. We analyse a gentrified traditional retail market located in Campo de Ourique, Lisbon and study the relationship between this retail precinct and the surrounding commercial fabric. Through a set of enquiries on local retailers, our findings show an absence of relationship between the market and the remaining shopping district, insofar as Campo de Ourique market can be designed as a fortress. There is a social implication of this finding in the sense that the gentrification of the traditional retail market is severely detrimental to the local population quality of life. In terms of policy implication, this article demonstrates that this kind of project produces different results from some well-known retail-led urban regeneration projects and, as such, should not be used as a benchmarking for other areas.

Australian Consumers’ Knowledge and Concern for Animal Welfare in Food Production: Influences on Purchasing Intentions

Abstract Consumers are increasingly concerned about nonhuman animal welfare in food production and, as their awareness continues to rise, demand for welfare-friendly products is growing. The current study explores the Australian market for welfare-friendly food of animal origin by outlining and clarifying how consumers’ welfare concerns affect their purchasing decisions. It reports the findings of an Australian face-to-face survey of consumers’ knowledge of and attitudes to farm animal welfare and their reported purchasing of welfare-friendly animal-derived products. A novel aspect of this survey was its effort to establish consumers’ understanding of welfare-friendly labels, their motivation to purchase welfare-friendly products, and the barriers to doing so. The survey was deployed in four shopping districts in New South Wales, Australia, in 2016. Data were collected from 135 respondents, and the results are discussed below.

Research on Improvement of Attractiveness of Commercial Accumulation: Practical Research to Strengthen the Selection of Regional Shopping Districts

Research on Improvement of Attractiveness of Commercial Accumulation: Practical Research to Strengthen the Selection of Regional Shopping Districts

The Future Prediction for a Shopping District through Surveys of Shopkeepers' Intentions to Remain in Business

The Future Prediction for a Shopping District through Surveys of Shopkeepers' Intentions to Remain in Business

A framework for studying the impact of outdoor atmospherics in retailing

The design of retail stores and shopping environments is critical to attracting customers and maintaining profitability. Over the years, research on retail design and atmospherics has been almost completely focused on store interiors. This research shortfall is unfortunate given the increasing focus of savvy retail managers on brand building and the creation of sustainable competitive advantage through exterior store architecture, outdoor lifestyle centers, and urban shopping districts. In order to stimulate research in this important, yet under-researched topic area, we synthesize literature from a number of domains and provide a conceptual framework that examines the impact of outdoor atmospherics on shoppers’ psychological and behavioral responses. After presentation of this framework, we discuss implications for practice and potential avenues for future research.

City Profile: Nagoya, Japan

Notebook IT’S A RUNNING JOKE that Nagoya is the most boring city in Japan, and at first glance it seems like there’s some truth to it. It’s not the flashy Tokyo, the bustling merchant city of Osaka, or the shrine and temple-rich Kyoto, so it’s understandable that there isn’t the same tourist traffic. I would argue, however , that there’s more to the city than one could ever explore; it’s simply unassuming. Situated in the western part of Aichi Prefecture, some readers may recognize the city from the idyllic childhood of Haruki Murakami’s protagonist from Colorless Tsukuru Tazaki and His Years of Pilgrimage. Despite being the third-largest city in the country, there’s a quietness about the city that seems at odds with the population size. Walking around the pristine streets is a peaceful experience. As with any city of its size, Nagoya has pockets that have their own distinct features and unique draws. Anyone who visits the city will likely end up in the downtown district of Sakae at some point, drawn to the vivid lights and tall buildings that stand out amidst the subtler suburban aesthetics that dominate the city. Nightlife thrives in Sakae, at least until the last train, at which point the streets empty into the subway. The glitter of Sakae slowly blends into another district: Osu, a shopping district with covered pathways meandering around the stores whose wares spill outside their shops. Numerous used bookstores pop up here and throughout the rest of the city. Metal racks in front of the stores carry countless pocket-sized novels, which you can see being read on nearly every single train in Japan. At any point during a walk around the city, you can step off of the street and dip into a small restaurant—many barely marked—where local specialties such as abura soba (oil buckwheat noodles) or tebasaki (Japanese-style fried chicken) will leave you barely able to move. Coming from the southern part of the United States, I couldn’t help but feel at home with the heavy fare. If you aren’t quite in the mood to commit to a meal, book cafés are a common sight around Nagoya. As the name suggests, you can sit down with a cup of coffee and freely read the books from their shelves. The city comes alive with festivals throughout the summer. For the Atsuta Festival , the quiet pathways of Atsuta Shrine’s grounds become packed shoulder to shoulder with people jostling for the attention of food vendors, hoping to get their hands on some takoyaki, fried balls of dough and octopus. Attendees are often clad in traditional summer robes called yukata, which flash in an array of vivid colors and patterns. Those in search of the more traditional culture of Japan need look no further than the Nagoya Noh Theater. There one can experience the oldest form of theater art still performed in Japan to this day, Noh. A form of drama focused on minimalist aesthetics, Noh utilizes slow, slight, and intentional movements in order to create pure expressions of emotion. Many Noh plays find their root in traditional Japanese literature, placing familiar stories in an entirely different dimension. Reid Bartholomew is a WLT intern studying writing and Japanese at the University of Oklahoma. When he isn’t writing, he finds himself working with the staff of The Aster Review, a student arts publication at OU. city profile Nagoya, Japan by Reid Bartholomew PHOTO: KINPI3/FLICKR WHAT TO READ ON THE NAGOYA SUBWAY Haruki Murakami Colorless Tsukuru Tazaki and His Years of Pilgrimage Trans. Philip Gabriel Vintage Books Sayaka Murata Convenience Store Woman Trans. Ginny Tapley Takemori Grove Press Shun Medoruma In the Woods of Memory Trans. Takuma Sminkey Stone Bridge Press Masatsugu Ono Lion Cross Point Trans. Angus Turvill Two Lines Press Mieko Kawakami Ms Ice Sandwich Trans. Louise Heal Kawai Pushkin Press WORLDLIT.ORG 5 ...

City Profile: Nagoya, Japan

Notebook IT’S A RUNNING JOKE that Nagoya is the most boring city in Japan, and at first glance it seems like there’s some truth to it. It’s not the flashy Tokyo, the bustling merchant city of Osaka, or the shrine and temple-rich Kyoto, so it’s understandable that there isn’t the same tourist traffic. I would argue, however , that there’s more to the city than one could ever explore; it’s simply unassuming. Situated in the western part of Aichi Prefecture, some readers may recognize the city from the idyllic childhood of Haruki Murakami’s protagonist from Colorless Tsukuru Tazaki and His Years of Pilgrimage. Despite being the third-largest city in the country, there’s a quietness about the city that seems at odds with the population size. Walking around the pristine streets is a peaceful experience. As with any city of its size, Nagoya has pockets that have their own distinct features and unique draws. Anyone who visits the city will likely end up in the downtown district of Sakae at some point, drawn to the vivid lights and tall buildings that stand out amidst the subtler suburban aesthetics that dominate the city. Nightlife thrives in Sakae, at least until the last train, at which point the streets empty into the subway. The glitter of Sakae slowly blends into another district: Osu, a shopping district with covered pathways meandering around the stores whose wares spill outside their shops. Numerous used bookstores pop up here and throughout the rest of the city. Metal racks in front of the stores carry countless pocket-sized novels, which you can see being read on nearly every single train in Japan. At any point during a walk around the city, you can step off of the street and dip into a small restaurant—many barely marked—where local specialties such as abura soba (oil buckwheat noodles) or tebasaki (Japanese-style fried chicken) will leave you barely able to move. Coming from the southern part of the United States, I couldn’t help but feel at home with the heavy fare. If you aren’t quite in the mood to commit to a meal, book cafés are a common sight around Nagoya. As the name suggests, you can sit down with a cup of coffee and freely read the books from their shelves. The city comes alive with festivals throughout the summer. For the Atsuta Festival , the quiet pathways of Atsuta Shrine’s grounds become packed shoulder to shoulder with people jostling for the attention of food vendors, hoping to get their hands on some takoyaki, fried balls of dough and octopus. Attendees are often clad in traditional summer robes called yukata, which flash in an array of vivid colors and patterns. Those in search of the more traditional culture of Japan need look no further than the Nagoya Noh Theater. There one can experience the oldest form of theater art still performed in Japan to this day, Noh. A form of drama focused on minimalist aesthetics, Noh utilizes slow, slight, and intentional movements in order to create pure expressions of emotion. Many Noh plays find their root in traditional Japanese literature, placing familiar stories in an entirely different dimension. Reid Bartholomew is a WLT intern studying writing and Japanese at the University of Oklahoma. When he isn’t writing, he finds himself working with the staff of The Aster Review, a student arts publication at OU. city profile Nagoya, Japan by Reid Bartholomew PHOTO: KINPI3/FLICKR WHAT TO READ ON THE NAGOYA SUBWAY Haruki Murakami Colorless Tsukuru Tazaki and His Years of Pilgrimage Trans. Philip Gabriel Vintage Books Sayaka Murata Convenience Store Woman Trans. Ginny Tapley Takemori Grove Press Shun Medoruma In the Woods of Memory Trans. Takuma Sminkey Stone Bridge Press Masatsugu Ono Lion Cross Point Trans. Angus Turvill Two Lines Press Mieko Kawakami Ms Ice Sandwich Trans. Louise Heal Kawai Pushkin Press WORLDLIT.ORG 5 ...

Why Outlet Stores Exist: Averting Cannibalization in Product Line Extensions

Outlet stores offer attractive prices at locations far from central shopping districts. They form a large and growing component of many firms’ retailing strategies, particularly in the fashion industry. I use a structural demand model to show that consumers are segmented according to their sensitivity to travel distance and taste for product newness. I then develop a supply model to predict product development responses to changes in store locations. Through policy simulations, I discover that the firm uses outlet stores to serve lower-value consumers who self-select by traveling to outlet stores from central shopping districts. The firm sells older, less desirable merchandise through outlet stores to prevent cannibalization of regular store revenues by means of exploiting the positive correlation between consumers’ travel sensitivity and taste for new products. I find that the rate of new product introduction in regular stores would fall by 16% if outlet stores were closed down, while variable profits would decline by 23%. These results imply that the existence of outlet stores may enable firms to improve quality in their regular channels, thus counteracting brand dilution effects. Data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2017.1031 .