Shop Equipment Research Articles

Summary of Research on Digital Twin Workshop

Global overcapacity, resulting in increasingly fierce competition between enterprises, improve the production efficiency of the manufacturing industry is the key problem. Workshop is an important part of manufacturing industry. In order to improve the intelligent level of workshop and realize the digitization of production process, the current focus is how to use digital twin technology. Although the traditional virtual shop and digital shop design can realize intelligent shop, there are some problems such as non-real-time interaction and low data utilization. Digital twinning technology can effectively improve the transparency of workshop production process and optimize the production process. Establishing digital twin workshops and realizing the interconnection and further integration of workshop information and physical space will become the development trend of workshops and the only way to realize intelligent production and control of workshops. This study describes the definition of digital twin shop, system architecture and supporting technology, and summarizes the applications of digital twin shop in six aspects: shop equipment fault prediction and maintenance, shop production scheduling optimization, production process planning, intelligent control of shop equipment, shop energy consumption analysis and optimization, and real-time control of shop manufacturing process. This will provide reference for later digital twinning workshop researchers.

Auto-Rickshaw Repair, Servicing and Maintenance for Youth-in-Entrepreneurship in Kumasi

Knowledge and skill acquisition is a driver to the socioeconomic growth of a country, yet economic challenges, rapid urbanization, and migration have contributed to youth unemployment in Ghana. The introduction of auto-rickshaws in 2015 has increased access coverage to transportation, augmented existing public transportation, and created avenues for both operators’ and mechanics’ employment through co-ordinated skill development actions to empower youth-in-entrepreneurship. However, these have not been fully utilized and developed by the Government. The study seeks to identify basic needs of auto-rickshaw mechanics in establishing a sustainable repair and maintenance enterprise, identify challenges confronting auto-rickshaw mechanics, and analyze activities of the youth who repair, maintain, and service auto-rickshaws within the formal and informal sectors for sustainable enterprises. The study is underpinned by both resource-based and human capital theories: education and apprenticeship bothers on human capital theory, while entrepreneurial experience, shop space, business duration, and so on projects the resource-based theory. Questionnaires were administered to 237 auto-rickshaw mechanics and interviews were conducted for some selected auto-rickshaw mechanics to investigate challenges in the business in the Kumasi Metropolitan Area through a clustered and systematic sampling technique. Data analyzed using SPSS v.26 indicated a very youthful auto-rickshaw mechanic population with low educational level that operates without licensed garages. About 68.8% of the mechanics possessed some form of apprenticeship training, though they are not specific to auto-rickshaw repair and maintenance. Further, 71.7% auto-rickshaw mechanics do not keep records of their activities and there is a general lack of entrepreneurial skills among them. Lack of financial support from financial institutions was found to be a major challenge. The binary logistic regression model retained and confirmed six out of the seven predictors, including sex, age, education, marital status, duration of repairs and/or maintenance, shop space, tools and equipment, and mechanical training, as significant contributing factors to entrepreneurship training offered to enterprises within the Kumasi metropolis. The study recommends the urgent need to upgrade the technical and entrepreneurial skills of auto-rickshaw mechanics through the establishment of targeted and result-oriented training centers for better efficiency. The authors further recommend financial institutions to consider giving financial support to auto-rickshaw mechanics to help sustain their businesses.

Bacteriological Hazards at Some Barbershops in Jeddah-KSA

Background: As public services that are easily accessible for all community members, potential pathogens can be spread via barber shops including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Objective: To determine the bacteriological hazards of barber shops by To identify potential bacteria on the surfaces of barber shop equipment and materials, such as combs, brushes, shaving machines, clippers, customer aprons, shelves and towels. Methodology: Cross sectional study design was utilized to assess the bacteriological hazards of barber shops. Setting: Barber shops at South Jeddah. Subjects: All barbers within South Jeddah area who were willing to participate in the survey and whose barber shops have the needed materials and equipment.

Data-driven real-time control method for process equipment in flow shop towards product quality improvement

Real-time control of complex process equipment is a crucial aspect for product quality assurance in the flow shop. However, there are two bottleneck problems, including the inaccurate quality prediction and the unstable process control, which would lead to poor product quality. To solve these problems, a data-driven real-time product quality prediction and control method for the process equipment is elaborated in this paper. First, to improve the prediction accuracy, a delay-mean rule is designed to eliminate the negative effects of time lag focused on the modeling data. Second, a variable optimization method based on the improved simulated annealing algorithm and a time window is proposed to enhance the stability of control. Finally, a case study regarding the real-time control for a dryer equipment is used to verify the proposed method.

Energy Disaggregation of Stochastic Power Behavior

Nonintrusive identification of the energy consumption of individual loads from an aggregate power stream typically relies on relatively well-defined transient signatures. However, some loads have non-constant power demand that varies with loading conditions. These loads, such as computer-controlled machine tools, remain stubbornly resistant to conventional nonintrusive electrical monitoring methods. The power behavior of these loads can be modelled with stochastic processes. This paper presents statistical feature extraction techniques for identification of this fluctuating power behavior. An energy estimation procedure is presented and evaluated for two case studies: load operation on a shipboard microgrid and laboratory machine shop equipment.

A National Survey of Health and Safety Knowledge and Beliefs Among Technical Vocational Faculty in Autobody Collision Repair Technology.

Career technical education (CTE) programs prepare new generations of technicians in a variety of trades. Even though occupational safety and health (OSH) ought to be included as an essential part of CTE curricula it is frequently absent or inadequately taught. OSH knowledge and beliefs were assessed in a national sample of 125 secondary and post-secondary faculty in autobody collision repair technology. Over 50% of faculty thought at least 75% of OSH knowledge was learned at school, and 9% felt that safety was primarily learned on the job. Knowledge scores ranged from 22% to 78%. Overall knowledge scores were significantly lower high school than post-secondary instructors (42% vs 50%, P ≤ 0.001) and in two categories: hazard recognition (44% vs 54%, P ≤ 0.05) and hazard control and shop equipment (30% vs 37%, P ≤ 0.05). There are substantial gaps in OSH knowledge among secondary and post-secondary CTE instructors. CTE programs should address these gaps by providing trade-specific safety and health education to their instructors upon hiring.

PRACTICAL USE OF LOGISTIC TOOLS IN PHYSICAL LIFE CYCLE OF DURABLE GOODS

The article studies logistic functions, processes and procedures accompanying all stages of full physical life cycle of new durable goods. The term ‘new’ means here an original product possessing new values for customers or a product – modification, which in comparison with the basic product has higher productivity, economical and ecological characteristics and possibilities of utilization. Durable goods include technical devices, such as production equipment and transportation means. The full physical life cycle is split into stages and step of their executions. Actually each stage is connected with logistic procedures: opportunity to get new materials and components at the project stage; estimating the number of parts taken from the basic product for the product-modification at the project stage; decision-making concerning out-sourcing and in-sourcing at the pre-production stage; evaluating the stock of material and technical resources at the enterprise at the production stage; expanding the existing distribution channels and searching for new ones at the marketing stage; calculating the need in material resources for warranty service at the operation stage. The article shows also certain lines in developing advance logistics, such reverse logistics, re-cycling logistics and green logistics. These lines van serve as land marks for developers of more economical and ecological technical devices, including transportation means, storage and shop equipment, as well as for developers of low-waste and logistic technologies.

Scientific and technical directions of improvement of electric motors for non-ferrous metallurgy

Induction motors of classical and special design modifications are used in electric drives of non-ferrous metallurgy shop equipment. Technical requirements for classic induction motors (IM) include high energy efficiency and a high degree of reliability. The most important are the requirements of high starting torque, low starting current and low dependence of startability upon the mains supply voltage fluctuations. Classic electric motors, both general-purpose and specialized, satisfy the needs of metallurgical industries in terms of starting torque, but they have overestimated values of the locked rotor current ratio by 1.5–2 times. Radical decrease of the locked rotor current ratio presents one of the topical areas of improving the IMs for non-ferrous metallurgy. The design description is given, and technical indicators of the upgraded electric motor with low starting current are pointed out. Linear induction motors (LIM) are considered as a typical example of electric motors of a special design modification. In the aspect of low material capacity, kinematic simplicity and reliability, LIMs compete with classical IM. The widespread introduction of LIMs into electric drives of workshop equipment will significantly reduce material capacity and increase the reliability of non-ferrous metallurgy. The LIM specificity is analyzed. Description of the design and technical parameters of the LIM with a short carriage are given. Regular assessments of the current technical condition of electric motors and the risk of their operability loss are the measure of significant increase in reliability of the electrical equipment of non-ferrous metallurgy. The assessments of performance risks that could be obtained without significant interruptions in exploitation of the equipment are in demand. The article presents a method for topological IM diagnostics. The electric motor diagnostic testing methodology is described, and quantitative measures of the risk of operability loss are introduced. This study has been carried out done within framework of the basic part of a State task of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation to perform public works in the field of scientific activities, project No. 13.9597.2017/БЧ.

MODEL OF CHEMICAL HAZARD RISK FOR DETERMINING HEALTH HAZARD CONTROL

The potential dangers that exist in universities under the auspices of PT Semen Indonesia are a reflection of the dangers that exist in the company. With the concept of college location with this company, the danger is suffered by the academic community. AKSI Gresik is a vocational college using company facilities, especially workshop, has the highest potential hazard is chemical hazard. The purpose of this study is to produce information from smart tools that make it easier for academics to identify potential health problems and provide input / recommendations for hazard control against chemical hazard conditions including the danger of sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrous oxide, dust, lead, hydrogen sulfide ammonia and carbon monozide. Hazard control includes substitution / elimination of hazards, input from engineering, administration and PPE. The method used is quantitative by measuring in March - April 2019 in the rector's building, lecture building, machine shop and heavy equipment workshop of AKSI GRESIK . The measurement results will be entered into the manufacture of smart tools by using the Java program (NetBeans IDE 18.1. This research produces applications that can be operated on personal computers that indicate the potential for dust hazards as the highest value of chemical impacts. Disturbances suffered in the AKSI GRESIK in the form of respiratory disorders and digestion generated by dust hazards The output of the design of smart tools is the control of hazards offered by the smart tools program designed in this study include engineering by the presence of sensors capable of removing water, isolating certain work sites to using dust respirator masks with special filters which is replaced every day. Keyword: chemical hazards, hazard control, smart tools

Refining of manganese alloys with high content of phosphorus obtained in electrometallurgical dephosphoration of manganese ores

The expediency of carrying out the process of dephosphorization of the alloy in one stage using a briquetted mixture, which includes iron scale, lime, bauxite and sodium orthosilicate in their following ratio, wt.%: Iron scale - 52.0… 57.4; lime - 6.2… 8.6; bauxite - 4.5… 6.2; sodium orthosilicate - 30.5… 30.4. The achieved degree of dephosphorization of the accompanying manganese alloy is about 70%, the manganese content in the alloy - 64.6%. The implementation of dephosphorization according to the developed method allowed to increase the rate of throughput of manganese from the raw material. Exclusion from the composition of materials for dephosphorization of fluoride compounds increases the environmental friendliness of the refining process. In the real conditions of production in the process of depho-?phorization of the associated alloy may use different processing schemes and conditions of its implementation. In the formation of a concomitant alloy with a temperature of ~ 1300oC in the production of low-phosphorus slag, in order to minimize the cost of dephosphorization of the alloy using existing shop equipment, the refining process can be implemented according to the following scheme and purging the bath with argon, the dephosphorization process scheme may include the following operations: adding 100% pre-briquetted SHUS, to the bottom of the bucket, trans-?orting the bucket to the installation of the oven-bucket, where the optimum temperature will be maintained during refining. This will increase the refining time and, consequently, greater completeness of the refining process .: Key words: highly phosphorous concomitant alloy, slag-forming mixture, ladle furnace, completeness of depho-?phorization.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards Hepatitis among Medical and Para-medical Workers in Tertiary Institute

Introduction : Hepatitis B is a serious infection caused by Hepatitis B virus that affects the liver. Hepatitis B is a global health problem and health care workers are at risk mostly. It is contagoius and transmitted from one individual to another through blood to blood, mother to child, sexual contact, sharing of eating utensils, barbar shop and beauty salon equipment. The aim of the study was to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of medical and para-medical workers towards Hepatitis B.
 Methods : this cross sectional prospective study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, SMGS Hospital, GMC Jammu . Information about socio-demographic variables, knowledge towards transmission and prevention method of Hepatitis B was taken from 100 medical and para-medical workers.
 Results : This study was conducted in the month of July 2019. A questionairre was structured to collect the information from 100 health care workers which include 42 medical workers and 58 para-medical workers. Knowledge regarding transmission was fairly good among medical workers. 52% of medical workers were fully vaccinated while only 32% para-medical workers were fully vaccinated. The most common reason for not getting vaccinated was ignorance.
 Conclusion : Our study recommended regular health education highlighting occupational risk of Hepatitis B, need for complete vaccination and giving training on infection prevention for health care workers. It is also advisable to make sure vaccine availability and accessibility.

Accessible machining for people who use wheelchairs.

Despite the Americans with Disabilities Act mandate for reasonable accommodations, wheelchair users are often placed in the role of observer and note-taker when learning machining and fabrication skills due to a lack of accessibility. The focus of this case study report is to identify and develop reasonable accommodations for wheelchair users in an academic machine shop environment to address accessibility limitations of original equipment manufacturer (OEM) machines. Individual wheelchair users working and learning within the Human Engineering Research Laboratories (HERL) were observed and interviewed about their experiences using the machine shop equipment without modifications, followed by further observations after accommodations were implemented.

A methodology to assess the supply chain performance based on gap-based measures

The motivation of this article lies in the application of two-stage gap-based measurement (GBM) in supply chain management. It adopts GBM model to construct a mixed integer program to measure the various stages of supply chain management in manufacturing practice. This paper proposes a new assessment system that aims to measure the aggregated efficiency of the entire supply chain. In this system, “plan source” and “plan make” are the major elements, they are a widely accepted industry standard by Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR). “Plan source” emphasizes the assessment of demand/supply planning strategy and suppliers’ performance; “plan make” emphasizes the shop floor control, profitability and equipment effectiveness. The resulting GBM scores provide complete information on how to project inefficient DMUs on to the frontier. This article continues with a demonstration of GBM in the company cases, for the results of the assessment; this paper finds the worst efficiency of the DMUs and proposes improvement programs.

Animal-Drawn Conservation-Tillage Planter Designed for Small Farms in the Developing World

Abstract. A prototype conservation-tillage planter capable of being towed by a team of animals was designed to be manufacturable with basic machine shop equipment and skills so that it could be constructed and maintained in small African towns. It was also designed to be easily used by women and older children. The prototype was constructed, refined, and tested. Measurements included draft, seed depth, and seed spacing, and observations included performance of residue managers in moving straw from the row and press wheels in covering the seed with soil. The average draft for the prototype was 796 N (179 lbf), low enough to be pulled for 8 h by two draft animals weighing 816 kg (1800 lbf) total. The desired seed placement depth of 2 cm for cowpeas was achieved within 25% of the target for most trials, and the target seed spacing of 10 cm was achieved within 50%. The residue managers and the press wheels for both performed their intended functions reasonably well. The planter was easy to lift at the tongue with one hand and easily operated on the side from which animals are typically driven. This planter could meet the planting and conservation needs of many small farm holders who have access to animal power but not to machine power.

Students and power tools: Lessons learned from building recorders in a Physics of Music class

In my divisional (general education) course “The Physics of Music,” my students each design and build a simple recorder using PVC pipe. The process is borrowed from “Flute Design” and “Flute Construction” labs by Peter Hoekje at Baldwin-Wallace University, as well as Pete Kosel’s flute hole calculator. The lab has been modified slightly to fit the constraints of our class, and is done over the course of two lab periods. We have tried several variations on the process and made plenty of mistakes. Typically, our students have little to no experience using power tools or shop equipment. Consequently, this tends to be one of the most adventurous labs of the term. In this talk, I describe some of the practical things I’ve learned and mistakes I’ve made while watching and helping my students build recorders. Among these are difficulties in creating fipples and knife edges, adventures in hole-drilling, finding reasonable finger hole positions, and student reaction to the finished product.

Acoustical Evaluation of High-School Technology-Education Shops

This study investigated the acoustical conditions in high-school Technology-Education Shops (TES) and the conflict that may exist due to their use at the same time as classrooms for learning and as industrial workshops for fabrication. This was done by measuring relevant acoustical characteristics in twenty TES in British Columbia when unoccupied with building services operating, and in ten of them when occupied and in normal operation with shop equipment running. The results were compared to existing acceptability/design criteria for classrooms and industrial workshops, related to background-noise level, teacher noise exposure, reverberation time, speech-intelligibility index (SII) and sound-level reduction with distance doubling (DL2), and pass/fail ratings were assigned. Noise levels and reverberation times in most unoccupied TES were higher than the acceptability/design criteria for core learning spaces. Teacher daily noise exposures in occupied TES were high and often exceeded regulatory limits. SII values often indicated ‘poor’ speech intelligibility for ‘normal’ and ‘raised’ vocal outputs, and ‘good’ speech intelligibility only for ‘loud’ and ‘shout’ vocal outputs. DL2 values were unacceptable in most of the TES. Most TES received a failing grade with respect to most evaluation criteria. The results confirm the existence of an acoustical conflict; the acoustical conditions in the TES as industrial rooms are generally unsatisfactory for their use as classrooms. In general, the results suggest that TES provide poor acoustical conditions, overexposing teachers and students to noise, and are in need of effective sound-design and noise-control measures.

Study on a Wireless Temperature and Humidity Monitoring System for Workshop with Constant Temperature Based on SCM

A wireless temperature and humidity monitoring system for workshop with constant temperature based on AT89C52 Single chip microcomputer and nRF905 wireless microchip is studied. The system is consists of base station and slave station. Base station is mainly consists of temperature acquisition module, humidity acquisition module, wireless communicating module and communicating testing module. Good communication protocols play an important role in ensuring the correct monitoring data. So the network topology, communication data form, ad hoc networks protocol, mac protocol and data link layer protocols are discussed for commutation protocol to host computer software. The cost of the system is low and it has a large function area and a good performance. It is able to provide messages of workshop with constant temperature for improving machining accuracy and prolonging the life of equipment in machine shop.

Assessment of Knowledge and Practice towards Hepatitis B among Medical and Health Science Students in Haramaya University, Ethiopia

IntroductionHepatitis B (HB) is a serious infection that affects liver and caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV). HB is a serious global public health problem and the health professionals are most at risk. It is contagious and easy to be transmitted from one infected individual to another by blood to blood contact, mother to child, unprotected sexual intercourse, sharing of eating utensils and other barber shop and beauty salon equipment. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge and practices about transmissions and prevention of hepatitis B among medical and health science students on clinical attachment in Haramaya University.Methods and FindingsA cross sectional study was conducted among 322 health science and medical students who are starting clinical attachment (year II, III, IV, V and IV) from February 1–15, 2013. Self-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect information. Out of 322 distributed questionnaires, 322 were returned with a response rate of 100.0%. Majority of the students (91%) were in the age group 20–24 and 232 (72%) of the respondents were male. Majorities (95.3%) of students were not fully vaccinated against Hepatitis B and 48.4% of the students were not aware about the availability of post exposure prophylaxis for HB. Mean scores for knowledge and practice were 11.52±2.37 and 2.76±1.1 respectively. Significant and positive linear correlations between knowledge-practice (r = 0.173, p = 0.002) was observed. Study department was significantly associated with mean knowledge and practice of study respondents.ConclusionThis study indicates that lack of awareness about Hepatitis B, its route of transmission and modes of prevention among the medical students entering into the profession. Similarly, 95.3% the students were not fully vaccinated against Hepatitis B, which makes them vulnerable to the disease.

258 Health and safety in small auto collision repair shops - Outcomes of a 1-year intervention

ObjectiveThis study evaluated the effectiveness of a 1-year intervention to assist owners of small collision shops with workplace safety and health improvements.MethodsA comprehensive evaluation containing 92 safety-related questions was conducted...

Low-cost, phase-shifting mechanisms for Newton-type interferometers

Using standard optical shop equipment, it is possible to implement simple, low-cost, phase-shifting Newton interferometers sufficiently accurate for surface evaluation. The simplification of the phase-shifting mechanism is compensated with image-processing algorithms that can deal with vibrations and uneven, nonsequential steps. The results are cross-compared with a Fizeau phase-shifting interferometer to verify the effectiveness of the method.