Shooting Technique Research Articles

RF11 | PSAT249 Radiofrequency Ablation for Thyroid Nodules: The First Ecuadorian Prospective Cohort

Abstract Introduction Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a promising, non-surgical method, used for the treatment of benign and malignant thyroid nodules (TN). While this minimally invasive technique has been studied extensively in Europe and Asia, it has been recently adopted in Latin America. The aim of our study is to describe the clinical outcomes following the first cohort of TN subjected to ablative radiofrequency in Ecuador. Methods This single-center, prospective study, carried out at ITECC (Instituto de la Tiroides y Enfermedades de Cabeza y Cuello) in Ecuador, included adults who underwent RFA for benign and malignant thyroid nodules (TN), between September 2020 and January 2022. The trans-isthmic approach and moving shot technique using the RF Medical equipment with an 18G needle and 5 or 7 mm tip were applied. Nodule size and volume, thyroid function, and complications were evaluated before and after RFA. Initial volume and change in TN volume were calculated with the ATA calculator and the independent-samples T-test. Results A total of 26 patients with 28 TNs were included. 25 TNs were benign (Bethesda II) and 3 were micropapillary thyroid cancer (MPTC) (Bethesda VI). In the benign lesions group, most were female (82.6%), <55 years of age (73.9%), euthyroid (62.5%), and symptomatic (95.6%); had a mean maximum diameter of 3.3 ± 1.3 (range: 0.8–5.5) cm and a mean initial volume of 13.1 ± 11.6 ml; and had predominantly solid component (36.4%). A substantial volume reduction was observed since the first month after RFA (1 month: mean volume 8.6 ± 4.2 ml, p=0.01; 6 months: mean volume 4.5 ± 3.9 ml, p=0.04; and 12 months: mean volume 4.9 ± 6.9 ml, p=0.25; vs. baseline). All patients were asymptomatic at the last follow-up. In the MPTC group, two patients were males (66.7%); all were <55 years of age (100.0%) and euthyroid (100.0%); most were asymptomatic diagnosed by routine US (66.7%); had a mean maximum diameter of 0.6 ± 0.1 (range: 0.5–0.8) cm and a mean initial volume of 0.056 ± 0.001 ml. At 1-month follow-up after RFA all TN were fibrosed and no lymph node or distant metastases were found. Finally, in both groups, no major complications were found and only one patient reported ecchymosis at the puncture site. Thyroid function was not affected. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, we are the pioneers in Ecuador and the third country, after Brazil and Colombia, in Latin America that implemented RFA in the management of TN. In our first experience, RFA was a safe and effective technique. RFA induced a substantial volume reduction, improved symptoms, avoided cosmetic concerns, and did not affect normal thyroid function. Our results are consistent with other series. Data on a longer follow-up are needed to confirm long-term efficacy. Presentation: Saturday, June 11, 2022 1:00 p.m. - 3:00 p.m., Saturday, June 11, 2022 1:30 p.m. - 1:35 p.m.

PSA Kinetics and Outcomes after Magnetic Resonance Image-Guided Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer

<h3>Purpose/Objective(s)</h3> Using moderate or ultra-hypofractionation, which is also known as stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for treatment of localized prostate cancer patients has been increased. Assessment of the efficacy of treatment response after radiotherapy relies heavily on the monitoring of prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels and PSA kinetics. The aim of our study was to evaluate tumor control outcomes with PSA response and toxicity after magnetic resonance image-guided adaptive radiotherapy (MRgRT) for prostate cancer patients. <h3>Materials/Methods</h3> A total of 95 prostate cancer patients treated with MRgRT were included in the study. Treatment was performed with IMRT (step and shoot) technique and daily plan adaptation using MRgRT. Patients received 36.25 Gy in 5 fractions, per institutional standards. Outcome measurements included tumor control evaluation with PSA levels, acute and late toxicities. Nadir PSA was defined as the lowest serum PSA value from the time of SBRT completion to date of last follow-up. Biochemical failure (BCF) was defined using the Phoenix definition (nadir + 2 ng/mL). <h3>Results</h3> The median follow-up for our cohort was 23.7 months (range; 3-41.4 months). The median age was 74 years (range; 50-87 years). The median initial PSA (iPSA) was 7.6 ng/mL (range; 2.7-44 ng/mL) for all patients. According to the NCCN guidelines, 13 (13.7%), 53 (55.8%) and 29 (30.5%) patients were in low-, intermediate- and high-risk group, respectively. Twenty-nine patients (30.5%) received androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). The median nadir PSA (nPSA) for all patients was 0.72 ng/mL (range, 0.01-4.96 ng/mL). For the entire cohort, 52.6% patients had an nPSA <1 ng/mL, with 35.8% of patients reaching an nPSA 0.5 ng/mL and 20% reaching an nPSA 0.2 ng/mL. For the patients who didn't receive ADT, median nPSA was 1.26 ng/mL (range; 0.16-4.96 ng/mL); 45.0% patients had an nPSA <1 ng/mL, with 21.3% of patients reaching an nPSA 0.5 ng/mL and 3.3% reaching an nPSA 0.2 ng/mL. For the patients who received ADT, median nPSA was 0.06 ng/mL (range; 0.01-1.55 ng/mL); 95.8% patients had an nPSA <1 ng/mL, with 87.5% of patients reaching an nPSA 0.5 ng/mL and 70.8% reaching an nPSA 0.2 ng/mL. A patient who did not yet meet the Phoenix criteria for biochemical recurrence but a PSA rising was diagnosed with two bone metastases with imaging evaluation and one patient with a nPSA and positive PSMA-PET had radical prostatectomy. MRgRT was well tolerated by all patients. There was no Grade ≥3 GU or GI toxicity. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In conclusion, MRgRT represents a new method for delivering SBRT with markerless soft tissue visualization, online adaptive planning and real-time tracking. Our study suggests that ultra-hypofractionation with MRgRT has an acceptable toxicity profile with favorable efficacy and PSA response. Further studies with longer follow-up time and larger cohorts are warranted.

Bioconvective Casson nanofluid flow toward stagnation point in non‐Darcy porous medium with buoyancy effects, chemical reaction, and thermal radiation

AbstractThe emphasis on non‐Newtonian fluid encountered in biomedical, pharmaceuticals, mining, food, chemical, and plastics industries and in noticeably enormous diverse industrial applications influenced this article. This study is accomplished in a non‐Darcy porous stretching surface to investigate the stagnation point of bioconvective Casson nanofluid. Chemical reaction, applied consistent magnetic field, radiative heat transfer, and buoyancy force consequences are studied for numerical examination. Composed of nonlinear partial differential equations for the above presumptions and reforming them into ordinary differential equations by means of compatible transformations are enforced. Adopting the fifth order Runge–Kutta Felhberg method with the shooting technique obtained a numerical solution. Obtained solutions are authenticated by comparing previous solutions. The major finding includes the reduction of the Casson parameter on the skin friction coefficient.

Methods of technical training of athletes in precise-point sports based on the development of their coordination skills

The purpose of the work is to develop a methodology for the development of coordination abilities to increase the technical readiness of archers at the stage of basic training.&#x0D; Material and methods. 45 shot putters took part in the study at the stage of specialized basic training of SDYUSHOR "Comunar" in Kharkov, of which 21 athletes made up the control group, 24 the experimental group.&#x0D; Research methods: theoretical analysis and generalization of literary sources, video analysis of technology, pedagogical testing, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical and statistical data processing.&#x0D; The author's method of developing coordination abilities is aimed at improving the technical preparation of shot put athletes at the stage of specialized basic training, which is related to the reproduction of the rhythmic, dynamic structure and the preservation of the stability of the kinematic characteristics of motor actions due to the qualitative manifestations of coordination abilities.&#x0D; The results. As a result of the application of the author's program for improving the technical training of shot put athletes at the stage of specialized basic training, a significant increase in performance was observed in exercises with changed performance conditions, i.e. sitting on a chair, standing on a platform, with eyes closed.&#x0D; In addition, the optimization of the characteristics of the shot technique was observed: the change in the angle in the elbow joint before the shot, the angle of the left hand before the shot, the angle of the left hand after the shot, the difference in the angles in the elbow joint and the speed of shoulder movement, which was 5.05-39.94%, exceeds the indicators of skilled archers of the control group&#x0D; Conclusions. It is shown that at the stage of specialized basic training of shot put athletes in physical training, it is advisable to increase the amount of exercises aimed at developing coordination abilities.

Entropy generation in Williamson hybrid nanofluid with inclined magnetic field, non-uniform heat flux, thermal radiation and slip effects

The present study provides the influence of entropy generation on steady two-dimensional laminar non-Newtonian Williamson hybrid nanofluid flow past a horizontal stretching sheet under the influence of the inclined magnetic field, radiation, non-uniform heat source/sink and slip effects. The governing partial differential equations are reduced to a system of ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations. The Runge–Kutta-4rth order method and the shooting technique are then adopted to solve the system. Two different kinds of fluids namely the engine oil based Molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2) nanofluid and Zinc Oxide (ZnO)-Molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2) engine oil hybrid nanofluids are considered to investigate the flow. The effect of important parameters on velocity, temperature, entropy generation and Bejan number are displayed in the form of figures and tables. Our results for some special cases are compared with previously published results to check the present study’s correctness and were found to be in good agreement. It is observed that the Williamson parameter increases the temperature but decreases the entropy generation whereas the angle of inclination of the magnetic field increases both the temperature and entropy generation. It is also observed entropy decreases with an increase in either velocity or thermal slips whereas it increases with radiation.

Numerical analysis of micropolar hybrid nanofluid in the presence of non-Fourier flux model and thermal radiation

The influence of various influential factors on the flow field, temperature, and concentration variations are observed throughout the study of thermo-physical properties. The transfer of heat in fluids and thermal instability/stability are fascinating areas of study because of their vast range of applications, and physical significance in many engineering systems. This research aims to investigate and evaluate the flow characteristic, heat and concentration variations of hybrid nanofluids containing MHD natural convection flow of micropolar CuO-Ag/water in porous media across a vertically positioned plate. The flow model is treated with suction/injection at the plate’s surface, thermal radiation, heat generation and absorption, Joule heating, and viscous dissipation. The non-Fourier theory for the heat flux model is used to diminish the thermal instability. Mathematical system for the proposed model having some physical aspects results in a system of PDEs form which is restricted the boundary layer approximation is used. The PDEs model is then converted into an ODEs system using the suitable transformations. Numerical scheme RK-4 in collaboration shooting technique is used to find the best approximate results. For the validation of the employed technique, a comparison is offered from literature to confirm the dependability of the produced solution. Physical characteristics of the given solution have been studied and demonstrated against various associated influential factors. In the case of hybrid nano-structures, thermal growth is accelerated rather than in the event of nanofluid. The momentum layer thickness is more essential in hybrid nanoparticles than in nanoparticles. It’s also being looked at how crucial flow parameters affect heat transmission and skin friction.

Radiofrequency Ablation of Benign and Malignant Thyroid Nodules.

Thyroid nodule treatment has significantly evolved over recent years with attempts to individualize treatment on the basis of the cause of the nodule and patient performance status. The risks and complications associated with surgery and radioactive iodine have promoted interest in additional therapies such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA). RFA creates an electrical current through a target tissue (thyroid nodule) with resultant tissue heating causing coagulative necrosis. National and international groups are beginning to recognize the role of RFA as a viable therapeutic option in the treatment of thyroid nodules. Based on numerous guidelines, RFA is indicated in the treatment of symptomatic benign nodules and autonomously functioning nodules when surgery is refused or when the patient would not tolerate surgery. The treatment of thyroid malignancy with RFA is controversial, with some groups advocating for its use in the treatment of small papillary thyroid cancers in specific scenarios. The most important aspect of RFA is the preprocedural workup and adequate patient selection. Procedural technique varies among centers. However, RFA is typically performed as a single-day-admission outpatient procedure. Methods such as hydrodissection and a moving shot technique are employed to ensure adequate coverage of the nodule without overtreating the peripheries and damaging sensitive structures. As a result, the procedure is well tolerated, and major complications such as recurrent laryngeal nerve injury and nodule rupture are very rare. In the proper patient cohort, thyroid RFA offers an efficacious and safe option in the management of thyroid nodules. An invited commentary by Filippiadis and Vrachliotis is available online. ©RSNA, 2022.

Single shot quantitative polarized light imaging system for rapid planar biaxial testing of soft tissues.

Quantitative Polarized Light Imaging (QPLI) is an established technique used to compute the orientation of collagen fibers based on their birefringence. QPLI systems typically require rotating linear polarizers to obtain sufficient data to estimate orientation, which limits acquisition speeds and is not ideal for its application to mechanical testing. In this paper, we present a QPLI system designed with no moving parts; a single shot technique which is ideal to characterize collagen fiber orientation and kinematics during mechanical testing. Our single shot QPLI system (ssQPLI) sorts polarized light into four linear polarization states that are collected simultaneously by four cameras. The ssQPLI system was validated using samples with known orientation and retardation, and we demonstrate its use with planar biaxial testing of mouse skin. The ssQPLI system was accurate with a mean orientation error of 1.35° ± 1.58°. Skin samples were tested with multiple loading protocols and in each case the mean orientation of the collagen network reoriented to align in the direction of primary loading as expected. In summary, the ssQPLI system is effective at quantifying collagen fiber organization, and, when combined with mechanical testing, can rapidly provide pixel-wise measures of fiber orientation during biaxial loading.

Effects of Temperature Fluctuations on Darcy-Forchheimer Flow of Oil-Based Nanofluid with Activation Energy and Velocity Slip

The effects of fluctuating temperature on Darcy-Forchheimer flow of oil-based nanofluid with activation energy and velocity slip has been analyzed. Similarity transformation was used to transform the governing partial differential equations into coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations and solved numerically with the aid of the fourth order Runge-Kutta algorithm with a shooting technique. Results for the embedded parameters controlling the flow dynamics have been tabulated and illustrated graphically. The slip velocity parameter was found to enhance the Nusselt number but depleted both the skin friction coefficient and Sherwood number while the local inertial was noted to increase both the skin friction coefficient and Sherwood number but diminishes the Nusselt number. These results indicate that the velocity slip parameter and local inertial coefficient can be used to control flow characteristics in industrial and engineering systems.

Insight into hybrid nanofluid induced by a Riga plate: investigation on second grade fluid model

Riga plate is an innovative magnetic mechanism that originated from the cluster of arranged changeless magnets and alternative electrodes over a plane surface. This innovative magnetic mechanism initiates a wall-parallel Lorentz force by postponing the boundary layer separation and decreasing the turbulence impact. In this study, the flow behavior of hybrid nanofluid on second-grade models over a Riga plate is investigated. By employing the similarity transformation, the governing model is converted to a system of ordinary differential equations, which could then be solved using the Runge Kutta–Fehlberg method coupled with a shooting technique. Analysis of the obtained results has proved that the flow of second-grade fluid is influenced significantly by the controlling parameters. Both EMHD parameter and hybrid nanoparticles have a role in the thermal development of this non-Newtonian working fluid. The velocity and temperature profiles are intensified due to the instigation of Lorentz force through the EMHD parameter. Augmentation of the temperature is observed on account of rising Al2O3/H2O and Cu/H2O concentrations. As compared to Cu/H2O nanofluid, the distributions of skin friction and heat transfer are pronounced for Al2O3-Cu/H2O hybrid nanofluid which signifies the capacity of hybrid nanofluid as a novel procreation fluid having high thermal performance.

Morphology of Hybrid MHD Nanofluid Flow through Orthogonal Coaxial Porous Disks

In this article, we study the novel features of morphological effects for hybrid nanofluid flow subject to expanding/contracting geometry. The nanoparticles are incorporated due to their extraordinary thermal conductivity and innovative work for hybrid nanofluids, which are assembled of aluminum oxides, Al2O3 metallic oxides, and metallic copper Cu. Cu nanoparticles demonstrate very strong catalytic activity, while Al2O3 nanoparticles perform well as an electrical insulator. The governing partial differential equations of the elaborated model are transformed into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations with the use of similarity variables, and these equations are numerically solved through a shooting technique based on the Runge–Kutta method. We develop a hybrid correlation for thermophysical properties based on a single-phase approach. A favorable comparison between shape and size factors for metallic and metallic-oxide nanoparticles is discussed via tables and figures. Moreover, the effect of embedding flow factors on concentration, velocity, and temperature is shaped in line with parametric studies, such as the permeable Reynolds number, nanoparticle volume fractions, and expansion/contraction parameters. The fluid velocity, temperature, and concentration are demonstrated in the presence of hybrid nanoparticles and are discussed in detail, while physical parameters such as the shear stress, flow of heat, and mass transfer at the lower and upper disks are demonstrated in a table. The hybrid nanoparticles show significant results as compared to the nanofluids. If we increase the nanoparticle volume fraction, this increases the thermal performance for an injection/suction case as well. The above collaborative research provides a strong foundation in the field of biomedical equipment and for the development of nanotechnology-oriented computers.

Unsteady MHD stagnation point flow of ternary hybrid nanofluid over a spinning sphere with Joule heating

Practical Applications: Numerous technical applications, including as polymer deposition, electrolysis control, medication delivery, spin-stabilized missile cooling and cooling of rotating machinery slices have sparked considerable interest in studying stagnation point flow. Nuclear power plants, photovoltaic panels and heat exchangers as well as microfluidic heating devices use them. Purpose: To better understand the unsteady [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] ternary hybrid nanofluid stream at the stagnation zone with Joule heating, this research examines the unique prospective applicative properties. Methodology: The flow equations will be modeled. By using similarity transformation, it is possible to transform nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) that are not precisely solvable into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) that can be numerically resolved. Runge–Kutta-IV and the shooting technique in MATHEMATICA have been demonstrated to have a significant effect on the predominance of heat exchange and the mobility features of ternary hybrid nanofluids. Findings: Results show that the unsteadiness parameter influences the [Formula: see text]-direction velocity and mono nanofluid has a larger velocity than other nanofluids, while the opposite is true for the [Formula: see text]-direction velocity. Nanoparticle concentrations, magnetic and Eckert number characteristics increase the thermal distribution, whereas the unsteadiness and rotation parameter decreases it. Unsteadiness, rotation and magnetic factors all improve heat transfer, while the Eckert number parameter has the reverse effect. The ternary hybrid nanofluid also has a greater heat transfer rate than the hybrid and normal nanofluids. Originality: Unsteady [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] ternary nanofluid stream generated by magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) in the stagnation zone was studied in detail in this study. To avoid any errors in heat transfer, it may assist other researchers in selecting critical parameters for modern industrial heat transfer and the right parameters for developing nonunique solutions.

Impact of Activation Energy and Heat Source/Sink on 3D Flow of Williamson Nanofluid with GaN Nanoparticles over A Stretching Sheet

Several novel techniques for the study of thermophysical characteristics have opened up new avenues for understanding the flow and heat transfer effects in nanofluids, leading to novel applications. There have been studies on nanofluids including different metal, ceramic and magnetic nanoparticles mixed with base fluids such as Water, Kerosene, and Ethylene glycol. However, research using semiconductor nanoparticles is restricted. For the investigation, Gallium nitrite, a binary semiconductor with excellent heat convection combined with base fluid Ethylene glycol in nanoparticle form, is employed. Williamson MHD nanofluid (GaN nanoparticles + Ethylene glycol) is examined across a stretched sheet with porosity under the impact of convective boundary conditions, thermal radiation, thermal source/sink, and activation energy in three dimensions. The governing equations are turned into dimensionless ordinary differential equations via similarity transformations. Numerical analysis was carried out in MATLAB utilizing bvp5c and the shooting technique. The results are visually shown, and plausible scientific explanations for the velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles with respect to different parameters are provided. In addition, the Skin-friction coefficient, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are presented in tabular form. The velocity and temperature profiles increased while the concentration profile decreased as the volume fraction of Gallium nitride nanoparticles in the Williamson nanofluid increased. Physical significances were also assigned to each observed outcome.

Numerical analysis of thermal transportation in nanodiamond and silver-based nanofluid using the Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model

Background and Purpose: Studying the effects of suction and injection on heat transportation in nanofluids for time-dependent boundary layer flow is a key topic in fluid dynamics. Aerodynamics and the sciences of space both make extensive use of these types of flow. In this research, nanodiamond and silver nanoparticles in water-type base-fluid nanofluids flow are analyzed under the effects of thermal radiation and non-Fourier theory.Methodology: A mathematical system having certain physical variations of the flow model is converted to a non-dimensional ordinary differential equation system via suitable similarity transformation variables. Then the flow model is numerically solved by RK4 and a shooting technique to describe the dynamics of the nanofluids under varied flow conditions. RK4 with the shooting approach gives a rapid result with high convergence accuracy. The relevant characteristics of physical quantities evaluated by an inclusive numerical scheme are observed for flow pattern, temperature distribution, and nanofluids concentration variations in the presence of suction and injection fluxes.Finding: According to the findings, both ND-H2O and Ag-H2O have outstanding thermal performance characteristics. The Ag-based nanofluid, however, has a better heat transfer capability. To validate the analysis, a graphical and tabular comparison is presented under specified assumptions. The key finding is that, with the injection effect, the heat flow rate is larger than with the suction effect. The unsteadiness parameter causes a drop in the velocity profile, whereas energy distribution rises with this parameter.

Effects of variable thickness on bioconvection nanofluid flow in the presence of gyrotactic over a slendering stretching sheet

In this article, the bioconvection of gyrotactic microorganisms past a stretched sheet embedded in a medium occupied with a water-based nanofluid has been studied. A stretched sheet of variable thickness has been considered here to unwrap the interesting features of bioconvective nanoliquid flow in the presence of gyrotactic. Using appropriate similarity transformation, the leading PDEs (partial differential equations) are reduced to a set of nonlinear odes (ordinary differential equations). The odes are then solved using the Runge–Kutta method and the shooting technique. The impacts of Brownian motion parameter, Lewis number, etc. on velocity, temperature, nanoparticle concentration, and the micro-organisms’ density profiles are analyzed and discussed in detail. Physical explanations have also been provided as far as practicable. The coefficients of local skin friction, Nusselt number, Sherwood number, and density of motile microorganisms have also been analyzed in detail through their graphical representations.

Adaptive Computations to Pressure Profile for Creeping Flow of a Non-Newtonian Fluid With Fluid Nonconstant Density Effects

Abstract The sperm density through the cervical canal plays a dynamic part in promoting the pregnancy progressions of organisms. Therefore, this study aims to probe the combined effects of concentration and temperature-dependent density on the creeping flow of Carreau nanofluid in the cervical canal as the first look in this direction. Chemical reaction and Hall effects are considered. The system of a physical model is simplified/streamlined using appropriate transformation (δ≪1). The system that describes the fluid model is recurrence/rearranged with aid of adaptive shoot techniques (AST) by a computer program using mathematica 13.1.0. Solutions are offered via sketches on the pressure profiles. Besides, graphs of streamlined are achieved in dissimilar values of the nonconstant density of the fluid. To get accurate results and approve the validation of the proposed technique, a comparison with Ibrahim (2022, “Adaptive Simulations to Pressure Distribution for Creeping Motion of Carreau Nanofluid With Variable Fluid Density Effects: Physiological Applications,” Therm. Sci. Eng. Prog., 32, p. 101337) is obtained and seems to be very good. The results indicate that high values of nonconstant density parameters impose a pressure gradient in the cervical canal, which supports the sperm to be more energetic in ovum fertilizing.

Radiofrequency Ablation of Recurrent Metastatic Papillary Thyroid Cancer to a Lymph Node

Radiofrequency Ablation of Recurrent Metastatic Papillary Thyroid Cancer to a Lymph Node

The effect of MHD mixed convection flow over a heated plate

AbstractThe notion of this paper is to analyse the bidimensional, steady flow of a dusty fluid over a heated plate with varied fluid properties and magnetic fields. The boundary layer flow directed by Lapwood–Forcheimer–Brinkman extended Darcy model and Lorentz force are highly coupled and nonlinear. Similarity terms convert these nonlinear partial differential equations to higher‐order ordinary differential equations. These higher order ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are converted to first order ODE by the numerical technique called the shooting technique. Temperature, concentration, and velocity are portrayed for various pertinent parameters, and it is spotted that due to the particles in the fluid, the heat transfer speeds up and temperature and concentration decrease. Nusselt number, Skin fiction, and Sherwood number also have been discussed here. The results are in keeping with the existing results. In understanding the thermal characteristic of various effects, it was seen that thermogeometric plate, radiation conduction is very useful for many industrial applications.

Endofemoral Shooting Technique for Removing Well-fixed Cementless Stems

BackgroundThe removal of a well-fixed cementless stem poses technical challenges. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of our endofemoral extraction technique established in 2001. MethodsBetween January 2001 and December 2016, 118 consecutive revisions following bipolar or total hip arthroplasty, which required cementless femoral stem removal, were performed at our institution. This retrospective study evaluated 106 patients (108 hips) who were followed up for a mean of 9.2 years (range, 5-20 years). The patients included 15 men and 91 women with a mean age of 65 years (range, 33-87 years). Endofemoral extracted stem removal was performed as follows. Multiple Kirschner wires were sequentially inserted into the interface between the implant and cortical bone, after which the implant was detached using a thin chisel. After the cementless stem was removed, it was replaced with a cemented stem using an autograft, as needed. Radiological loosening of the femoral stem was defined as definite or probable loosening, based on the criteria of Harris et al. Prosthesis survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method, with the endpoint set as repeat revision surgery for stem loosening or femoral fracture. ResultsRe-revision surgery was performed in 7 hips. Stem loosening was observed in 4 hips, and the mean subsidence was 0.3 mm (0-3 mm). The 10-year survival rate was 97.7% (95% confidence interval, 93.2-100). ConclusionsOur technique for removing well-fixed cementless stems yielded successful results.

PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN TEKNIK DASAR SHOOTING FUTSAL (Studi kasus SMAN 3 Karawang)

In the futsal game shooting technique is the most important technique in the futsal game, this is because goals are created from shooting abilities, the more you enter the ball into the opponent's goal, the greater the chance to win the game. Every player is required to have good shooting technique skills. There are two kinds of kicks, namely passing and shooting, both kick techniques must be mastered correctly by futsal athletes, because if the athletes can master these techniques correctly, they will definitely be able to develop their skills in processing the ball, which will certainly deliver them. become a professional player. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using audio-visual media on basic shooting technique skills in SMAN 3 futsal extracurricular activities. This study uses a research design of One Group Pretest-Posttest Design, with a futsal extracurricular student population of 20 students. The sample used in this study was 20 students, the research data analysis was carried out by comparing the pretest and posttest data after treatment using one sample t-test. The results showed that the average pretest was 1.322, with the highest score of 11 and the lowest score of 6. Meanwhile, during the post test, the average score was 1,593. With the highest score of 15 and the lowest score of 10. Thus it can be seen that there is an increase in the results of the basic futsal shooting technique skills from the pretest and posttest. This proves that the use of audio-visual media is effective in improving the basic skills of shooting futsal techniques.