Types Of Shoes Research Articles

Prevalence and risk factors of running-related injuries in Korean non-elite runners: a cross-sectional survey study.

Due to the lack of consensus definition of running-related injuries, the prevalence and incidence of running-related injuries had been reported to vary between 19% and 92%. Moreover, the epidemiology of running-related injuries in Asian populations has been rarely investigated. The purpose of this study was to use the consensus definition of running-related injuries and investigate the epidemiology of running-related injuries in a Korean population. Using the cross-sectional design, an online survey was circulated among various running communities in Korea. The questionnaire contained information on the presence and location of pain attributed to running, demographic characteristics, weekly running mileage, participation in high-intensity training, running pace, the longest running event participated, the type of shoes, foot strike, the reason for running, and exercise experience prior to running. Among 1046 runners (male=624, female=422) who responded, 94.7% experienced pain while running, but only 37% were categorized as having running-related injuries. The most common site of injury was the knee followed by the ankle. Exercise experience prior to running (OR=1.57 95% CI: 1.13-2.21), setting specific running goals (OR=1.57 95% CI: 1.08-2.27), increases in weekly running mileage (OR=1.66 95% CI: 1.05-2.62), and the longest running event participated (OR=2.15 95% CI: 1.22-4.05) were associated with significant increases in running-related injuries. To avoid running-related injuries, runners should be careful when increasing weekly mileage. Moreover, runners with previous exercise experience may need to approach running more cautiously. Setting goals and pursuing longer-distance running events may be motivating, but at the same time, can increase the risk of running-related injuries.

Pendampingan Peningkatan Efisiensi Biaya Produksi UMKM Heriyanto Melalui Analisis Biaya Kualitas

In each production process, it is possible there will be a discrepancy between the product that has been produced and with the standard, which referred to a defective product or a damaged product. The defective product or damaged product will affect the increase in production costs because the defective product has absorbed production costs from the beginning and it can cause losses to the company. Thus the company must make quality improvements to make the quality of the products produced more consistent and so that there are no more defective products. Improvement of this quality is needed by the existence of expenditure which is called quality cost. Quality costs are part of the production costs. With the existence of defective products or damaged products, it will cause production costs to increase because the company must pay for the process of reworking or reproducing. Therefore, by improving quality through quality costs, it is expected that production costs will be reduced. Production processes that pay attention to quality will reduce the possibility of product defects. Thus the company's production costs will be more efficient but still pay attention to the quality of the products produced. The purpose of this report is to find out how to supervise quality costs of UMKM in improving production cost efficiency. The author conducts community service at the UMKM Heriyanto which is a UMKM engaged in the shoe industry, especially adult women's shoes located on Jl. E. Sumawijaya, Sindang Barang Village, Gang Jambekiuna, Pasir Eurih Village, Taman Sari District, Bogor Regency.The results of the study show that the quality cost component found in the UMKM Heriyanto consists of prevention costs, internal failure costs, and external failure costs. In UMKM Heriyanto there is no apprasial cost because there is no quality control or checking activity for the product. In addition, the calculation of production costs in UMKM Heriyanto is quiet basic and simple because it does not separate the cost of direct raw materials from indirect raw materials, direct labor with indirect labor, and there are some overhead costs that are not taken into account. Internal failure costs consisting of excess raw materials have a significant influence on the cost of producing shoes for UMKM Heriyanto for all types of shoes. Thus the excess of this raw material must be reduced because it can affect the amount of raw material costs directly on production costs. If UMKM Heriyanto can implement the calculation of this quality cost, then in the next production it can reduce the cost of excess raw materials and UMKM Heriyanto can make production cost efficiency of 15%.
 
 Keywords: qualitycosts, production cost, cost effieciency

Rehabilitation equipment

Technical means of rehabilitation (TMR) include special devices and mechanisms are intended to compensate or completely eliminate persistent disabilities in individuals with limited physical and mental capabilities and aimed at normalizing physical and work activity. They include special means for self-care and care, means for orientation in space, devices for communication and information exchange, materials for training and education, as well as devices for engaging in work activities. Rehabilitation equipment also includes all types of prostheses, orthopedic shoes and special clothing, eye prostheses and hearing aids, special sports equipment and sport outfit, as well as mobility aids (wheelchairs). They all have a single purpose, which is to facilitate the daily life of handicapped people and people with disabilities. Provision of this category of persons with technical means of rehabilitation is carriedout on the basis of individual programs. Federal Law of November 24, 1995 No. 181-FZ “On the Social Protection of Persons with Disabilities in the Russian Federation” guarantees free provision of technical rehabilitation means at the expense of the federal budget to the disabled people [6] in the Russian Federation.

Pattern of injuries amongst tennis players in Accra, Ghana.

BackgroundTennis is a popular global sport characterised by repeated, explosive motions and the involvement of several muscle groups during different strokes, which fluctuates randomly from brief periods of maximal or near maximal work to longer periods of moderate and low intensity activity.ObjectivesTo determine the pattern of injuries amongst tennis players in Accra.MethodA cross-sectional study was conducted, involving 142 male and female participants selected from tennis clubs in Accra and the Accra sports stadium. A standardised tennis injury report form was used to obtain data from participants. Data on the parts of the body mostly injured and the types of injury mostly sustained by the players were summarised and presented appropriately with the use of graphs and pie charts. Assessment of the causes underlying the prevailing injuries to tennis players was also tabulated and comparisons made.ResultsOut of a total of 170 injuries recorded, knee (39 [27.5%]) and shoulder (31 [21.1%]) injuries were the most commonly sustained. Most (80 [56.3%]) tennis injuries occurred during training. Other injuries (26 [18.3%]) occurred during competitions or tournaments whilst 26 (18.3%) occurred during social play. About 10 (7.0%) participants were not certain of the type of activity at the time of injury. The majority (35 [24.65%]) of the players received no treatment for their injuries. However, few of the injuries (20 [14.08%], 14 [9.86%], 6 [4.23%]) sustained were treated by medical personnel, physiotherapists or nurses respectively. There was no association between warm-up before play and cause of injury (p = 0.375). There was also no association between shoe type and cause of injury (p = 0.253).ConclusionThe majority of the injuries occurred in the upper and lower limbs. Most of these injuries occurred during training with overuse and overexertion being the most common cause.Clinical implicationsIt is important to educate tennis players and coaches on injury prevention measures and the use of protective gear during tennis.

Analysis of the incidence of ankle joint injuries among dancers representing different dance styles.

Introduction. Injuries of the ankle joint are among the most common injuries of the locomotor system, occurring both among athletes and people involved in amateur sports and other recreational activities. The objective of the study was to assess the incidence of injuries to the ankle joint in a group of professional and amateur dancers representing different dance styles. Material and research method. The research initially covered a group of 98 dancers. Ultimately, 64 dancers qualified for the study, including 28 men (44%) and 36 women (56%) aged between 17 and 23 years. The study was conducted among the registered active dancers from all over Poland. It was based on a survey questionnaire designed by the researchers. The obtained data was subjected to calculations using the Excel 2010 spreadsheet. Results. In the group surveyed, 53 individuals (83%) suffered injury to only one ankle joint. Ankle joint injuries recurred with a variable frequency, usually between 2 and 5 times, in 7 (53%) ballroom dancers, 10 (59%) jazz dancers, 4(16%) dancers in the group of jazz dance, and 7 dancers in the group of modern jazz. Ankle joint injuries usually occurred during the training – 49 (76,6%) of the respondents, 10 individuals (15,6%) suffered injury after the training, and 5 persons (7,8%) – during various recreational activities. Conclusions. Ankle joint injuries affect a wide group of dancers, and their frequency is associated with the lack of professional experience. The majority of injuries occur in the initial period of dancing. The dance style and the type of shoes used, such as ballet shoes or highheeled shoes, have no effect on the incidence of injuries.

Functional field protocol to optimize the choice of footwear on synthetic turf in rugby

Summary Objectives To avoid injuries and keep up their performances, rugby players have to make relevant choices of footwear adapted to their individual specificities as well as to the type of turf and playing conditions. The diversity and heterogeneity of playing surfaces on which modern rugby is played make this choice all the more complicated. This study examines the relevance of a comparative functional protocol for a subjective assessment of footwear as well as the influence of the technical characteristics of different shoe models. Materials and methods Forty-two professional rugby players were tested on synthetic turf. They performed a series of controlled characteristic movements of rugby (jump reception, straight running, change of direction) with different shoe models. Procedure ended with a standardized subjective comparison of models including 7 criteria. Results Comparative tests between models tested for each player brought to significant differences (P Conclusions This protocol seems to be a relevant tool to help rugby players to choose the type of shoes according to their individual specificities and pitch conditions. What's more, results shed new light on the kind of cleats to be preferred on synthetic turf.

Beaded Kente Ladies Shoe (Stilettos) for Contemporary Ghanaian Traditional Weddings

This paper focuses on the creation of a beaded kente ladies shoe (stilettos – women’s shoe with a long heel) for contemporary Ghanaian traditional weddings. The research sought to identify some of the types of footwear brides use for traditional weddings, and improve the design through the integration of beads and kente. Research questions posed were as follows: 1. What are some of the footwear used by brides for traditional weddings? 2. How can the design of one of the shoe types be improved with the integration of beads and kente? The descriptive research method was used to give details on the tools and materials used for the footwear, types of beads and kente, and the processes for making the ladies footwear for traditional weddings in Ghana. The participatory product design method was used, where the would-be users of the footwear were involved in the design process. The population for the study was 150 residents of Manhyia, a suburb of Kumasi. It was realised that, in terms of footwear for traditional weddings, the preference today’s woman has is for the flat or the stiletto kind. The target price, target users and product features were established based on which intended designs/sketches were made. The creation stage saw the use of six (6) operations: pattern cutting, closing, lasting, attaching, arrangement of beads, and finishing. Techniques employed were user friendly and can be practiced by many a person.

신발의 종류와 발교정구의 착용 유·무가 중학생의 보행에 미치는 영향

신발의 종류와 발교정구의 착용 유·무가 중학생의 보행에 미치는 영향

Influence of constructive profiles on the generation of construction waste in construction in the Northeast

The construction sector is one of the main modifiers of the environment, since in its activities there is, essentially, the exploitation of natural resources, generating a large amount of waste. The objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of management parameters (term, contracting and costs) and constructive parameters (building standard, type of foundation and type of masonry) in the generation of construction waste. The methodology consisted of the following steps: definition of the parameters to be analyzed for the generation of waste in 15 works; data collection and processing and, finally, data dispersion analysis through the boxplot. The class was predominant A waste, 89.2% of the total generated; among class B waste, gypsum is more prominent, with 55% of the waste generated; in class C the mixed materials are predominant, with 64%. Regarding the analyzed parameters, the ones that contributed the most to the generation of civil construction waste (CCW) were: high work pattern (48%); incorporation hiring regime (58%); intermediate execution time between 36 and 45 months (49%); the foundation of the shoe type (36%); sealing masonry with ceramic blocks in the peripheries and gypsum blocks internally (58%).

Postural Stability in Athletes: The Role of Age, Sex, Performance Level, and Athlete Shoe Features.

The effects of different factors—such as age, sex, performance level, and athletic shoe features—on postural balance in athletes remain unclear. The main objective of our study is to identify the features of postural stability in athletes of different age, sex, performance level, and using different types of athletic shoes. This study assessed postural stability in athletes (n = 936, 6–47 years) in a normal bipedal stance with eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC). Postural stability was evaluated based on the center of pressure (COP), sway area (AS), and velocity (VCP) while standing on a stabiloplatform. Children (6–12 years) and teen athletes (13–17 years) showed reduced AS-EO (p < 0.01) and VCP-EO (p < 0.01) compared to control (n = 225, 7–30 years). In male and female athletes aged 18+, only VCP-EC was lower versus control. In females (13–17 and 18+), VCP-EO and EC were lower than in males (p < 0.05). Only in the Shooting group, the athletes’ performance levels had an effect on VCP-EO (p = 0.020). Long use of rigid athletic shoes with stiff ankle support was associated with reduced posture stability. Postural stability in athletes was mostly influenced by the athlete‘s age, and, to a lesser extent, by their sex, performance level, and athlete shoe features.

Human Body Dynamics Detection of Shock Absorption and Rebound Ability of Specialized Athletic Shoes

For those who love sports, not only appearance but also functionality are important considerations in the design of athletic shoes. This is a study done on 12 subjects on a college fencing team and other sports teams. The subjects wear experimental specialized athletic shoes, including fencing shoes and other similar athletic shoes. Five kinds of shoes, fencing shoes plus four other similar types of athletic shoes, were examined for their shock absorption and rebound capacities. No significant difference between was found among them in the lunge test. However, there were significant differences between the two types of shoes in the 15 cm and 35 cm jump-down tests and extra heel support silicone gaskets in the fencing-like shoes tests. The fencing shoes proved to be the worst in terms of rebound ability in the 35 cm jump-down test. The fencing shoes had the best shock absorption but the worst rebound ability. In terms of overall performance, fencing shoes had the best shock absorption capacity. It is advisable for fencing shoes to be required during fencing training and at tournaments, but the severity of bounces, jumps, and squats should be lowered to avoid damage to the heel.

Effects of Lifting Method, Safety Shoe Type, and Lifting Frequency on Maximum Acceptable Weight of Lift, Physiological Responses, and Safety Shoes Discomfort Rating.

This study aimed to investigate the physical effects of precision lifting tasks on the maximal acceptable weight of a lift (i.e., psychophysiological lifting capacity where the workers adjust the lifting weight in order to work without any fatigue or strain at the end of the work while wearing common safety shoe types). Additionally, the physical difference between the precise and non-precise lifting conditions associated with wearing safety shoes were assessed by respiration responses and shoe discomfort ratings. To achieve the objective of the study, ten healthy male workers were selected by age (between 25 to 35 years old). Their anthropometric characteristics, including knuckle height, knee height, and body mass index (BMI), were measured. A three-way repeated measures design with three independent variables was used; the variables included—the (1) lifting method (precise and non-precise), (2) lifting frequency (1 and 4 lifts per min), and (3) safety shoe type (light-duty, medium-duty, and heavy-duty). The physiological response variables and one of the subjective factors of this study were—(1) respiration responses, and (2) shoe discomfort rating, respectively. The data were analyzed using the Mauchly’s test of sphericity, Shapiro–Wilk normality test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that the use of heavy-duty safety shoes typically increased the shoe discomfort rating under precise lifting methods. Additionally, the lifting frequency was determined to be one of the main factors affecting respiratory responses and shoe discomfort rating. This study also found that respiration responses rose on four lifts per min as compared to 1 lift per min, regardless of the lifting method type. This study indicated that the replacement of some types of ordinary safety shoes used in some workplaces with those selected appropriately might significantly reduce the rating effort required to lift objects or tools. However, the benefits should be carefully evaluated before replacing the safety shoes.

Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDS) among primary school female teachers in Terengganu, Malaysia

BackgroundMusculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) has been a well-known occupational health issue for workers over recent years, and the prevalence among school teachers is particularly high. In Malaysia, few studies are focusing on MSDs and associated factors among school teachers, but in Terengganu, there is no data available for MSDs among school teachers. Objectives: To identify the prevalence of MSDs and associated risk factors among female teachers in Terengganu primary school. Methods: Data collection was carried out with a self-administered questionnaire. A total of 212 female school teachers participated in this study. Results: The findings show that the prevalence for any parts of the body was 40.1%. The most affected part of the body was feet, with 32.5% for the past 12-months and 36.8% for the past 7 days. The most significant risk factors that associated with body parts (lower back, thigh, calf, knee, and feet) were age, BMI, sports activity, shoe type, teaching hours, and standing hours during school. Conclusion: Female teachers in Terengganu's primary school had shown a significant prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders. The most affected body parts were feet, followed by knee, upper back, and lower back. Related risk factors such as age, BMI, sports activity, type of shoe, teaching hours and standing hours were analysed. Hence, they are prone to have higher MSDs prevalence than current results due to significant risk factors if there is no measure taken to reduce MSDs prevalence among teachers.

Using Electroencephalography (EEG) Power Responses to Investigate the Effects of Ambient Oxygen Content, Safety Shoe Type, and Lifting Frequency on the Worker's Activities.

Objective The study assesses the changes in electroencephalography (EEG) power spectral density of individuals in hypoxia when wearing a different type of safety shoes under different lifting frequencies. It also assesses the EEG response behavior induced via the process of lifting loads related to these variables. Methods The study was conducted in two consecutive phases: training and acclimatization phase and experimental lifting phase. Ten male college students participated in this study. A four-way repeated measures design was used in this research with independent variables: ambient oxygen content (“15%, 18%, and 20%”), safety shoes type (“light-duty, medium-duty, and heavy-duty”), lifting frequency (“1 and 4 lifts/min”), and replication (“first and second”). And the dependent variables were alpha, theta, beta, gamma, θ/α, θ/β, α/β, β/α, (θ + α)/β, and (θ + α)/(α + β). The participant was allowed to determine his maximum acceptable weight of lift (MAWL) in fifteen minutes of lifting using psychophysically technique. Then, he continued lifting the MAWL for another five minutes, where all the data were collected. Results Results showed that the EEG responses at lower levels of the independent variables were significantly high than at higher levels; except for oxygen content, the EEG responses at lower levels were considerably lower than at a higher level. It also showed that an upsurge in the physical demand increased lifting frequency and replication and caused decreasing in alpha power, theta/beta, alpha/beta, (theta + alpha)/beta, (theta + alpha)/(alpha + beta) and increasing in the theta power and the gamma power. Furthermore, several interactions among independent variables had significant effects on the EEG responses. Conclusion The EEG implementation for the investigation of neural responses to physical demands allows for the possibility of newer nontraditional and faster methods of human performance monitoring. These methods provide effective and reliable results as compared to other traditional methods. This study will safeguard the physical capabilities and possible health risks of industrial workers. And the applications of these tasks can occur in almost all working environments (factories, warehouses, airports, building sites, farms, hospitals, offices, etc.) that are at high altitudes. It can include lifting boxes at a packaging line, handling construction materials, handling patients in hospitals, and cleaning.

태권도 시범자의 드롭 착지 시, 신발 유형과 내측 족궁 지지대 착용 유무에 따른 지면반력의 차이

태권도 시범자의 드롭 착지 시, 신발 유형과 내측 족궁 지지대 착용 유무에 따른 지면반력의 차이

Measurement of intrinsic foot stiffness in minimally and traditionally shod runners using ultrasound elastography: A pilot study

ABSTRACT Running is an activity with a consistently high injury rate. Running footwear design that mimics barefoot running has been proposed to reduce injury rate by increasing the strength of foot structures. However, there is little evidence to support this. The purpose of the current study is to use shear wave ultrasound elastography to examine material properties (shear modulus) of intrinsic foot structures in experienced minimally and traditionally shod runners. It is hypothesized that minimalist runners will exhibit increased stiffness compared to controls demonstrating the strengthening of these structures. Eighteen healthy runners (8 minimalist and 10 traditionalist), running a minimum of 10 mi · wk−1, participated. Elastography scans were performed on the left foot of each participant. There is no apparent stiffening of foot structures associated with wearing minimalist shoes. Only the FHB tendon is different between shoe types and, contrary to the hypothesis, was stiffer in traditionalist compared to minimalist runners (257.26 ± 51.64 kPa vs 160.88 ± 27.79 kPa, respectively). A moderate positive (r = 0.7) relationship between training load and tendon stiffness suggests strengthening of tendon when running in traditional shoes. If running in minimalist shoes increases loading on these structures without resulting in stronger tissues, it is possible that minimalist footwear may increase injury risk.

Characteristics of Shoes with Musculoskeletal Complaints on Foot and Ankle of Sales Promotion Girl

Musculoskeletal complaints are a series of aches in the tendons, muscles, and nerves due to activities with high repetition rates resulting in tissue damage and pain in the muscles. Musculoskeletal complaints are experienced by many female workers due to work demands. Job demands such as the obligation to use high heels when working. Jobs related to the use of high heels are sales promotion girl (SPG). This study uses a quantitative approach. This type of research is observational analytic with cross sectional design. The assessment of musculoskeletal complaints in this study used the Foot and Ankle Outcomes Score (FAOS) questionnaire. Based on the results of the Spearman test factors associated with musculoskeletal complaints on feet and ankles of SPG at Golden Market Jember include individual factors consisting of length of work (ρ = 0,000; r = 0.617; negative direction), BMI (ρ = 0.022; r = 0.314; unidirectional), and sports habits (ρ = 0.045; r = 0.617, opposite). The work factor is static position (ρ = 0,000; r = 0.530; opposite). Shoe characteristic variables consist of shoes type (ρ = 0.022; r = 0.313, opposite), duration of use (ρ = 0,000; r = 0.547; direction), high heels (ρ = 0,000; r = 0.855; direction), and suitability shoe size (ρ = 0,000; r = 0.584; unidirectional). Factors not related to musculoskeletal complaints on the feet and ankles are age (ρ = 0.027; r = 0.850; unidirectional).

Consumers’ Purchase Intention Toward Ergonomic Footwear in Malaysia

Ergonomic footwear is a type of shoe specifically designed for consumers to treat foot problems. In accelerating concern on foot health nowadays, ergonomic footwear is introduced to fill the gap in the context of Malaysia. This study applied the Theory of Planned Behaviour and Expectancy-Value Theory to explore the consumers’ purchase intention toward ergonomic footwear. Targeted respondents were adults in Klang Valley, Malaysia aged from 21 years and above through judgmental sampling. A total of 221 responses were collected using a survey questionnaire from June to July 2018. This study found that utilitarian consumption, consumer perceived value and perceived trust have a significant positive relationship with the purchase intention. Meanwhile, the word-of-mouth shows the insignificant relationship between purchase intention. Word-of-mouth is unimportant might be due to contrary word-of-mouth spread by experienced customers, and perhaps the less tendency the consumers rely on word-of-mouth.

Joint coordination when running in minimalist, neutral, and ultra-cushioning shoes

ABSTRACTUltra-cushioning (ULTRA) shoes are new to the running shoe market. Several studies have evaluated kinematics and kinetics while running in ULTRA shoes, however it remains unknown how such shoes influence joint coordination. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate lower extremity coordination and coordination variability when running in minimalist (MIN), traditional (NEUT) and ULTRA shoes. Fifteen runners ran for ten minutes in each shoe type. Coordination patterns and coordination variability were assessed for rearfoot-tibia, rearfoot-knee, and tibia-knee couplings using a modified vector coding method during early, mid, and late stance periods. During late stance ULTRA shoes resulted in more antiphase coordination than MIN (p =.036) or NEUT (p =.047) shoes and less in-phase coordination than MIN (p =.048) or NEUT (p =.013) shoes. During late stance there was also more proximal phase rearfoot-knee coordination in ULTRA shoes than in either MIN (p =.039) or NEUT (p =.005) shoes and less in-phase coordination in ULTRA shoes than in NEUT shoes (p =.006). There were no differences in coordination variability between shoes during any phase. The differences in coordination may have implications for tissue loading and injury development when running in ULTRA shoes..

Effects of heel-toe drop on running biomechanics and perceived comfort of rearfoot strikers in standard cushioned running shoes

Effects of heel-toe drop, which is the height difference between the rearfoot and forefoot parts of the shoe, have been studied during running in minimalist shoe models. However, these types of shoes also feature low heel stack height. Effects of heel-toe drop remain largely unknown during running in cushioned shoes, which usually present a standard heel stack height (e.g. 21 mm). The purpose of this study was to investigate the isolated effect of heel-toe drop on running kinematics and kinetics and perceived footwear comfort of runners in standard cushioned shoes. Fifteen male habitual rearfoot strike runners ran in four shod conditions: no drop (0 mm, D0), 4-mm (D4), 8-mm (D8), and 12-mm drop (D12). Running kinematics and kinetics were collected using motion capturing system and instrumented treadmill, respectively. Footwear comfort was acquired immediately after each running trial using a visual analogue scale. Significant effects were demonstrated on footstrike angle (p < 0.001), stride length (p = 0.005), and cadence (p = 0.015). A greater footstrike angle was indicated during running in D8 compared with D4 (p = 0.034) and D0 (p = 0.006). However, such reduction was not sufficient to cause footstrike pattern transition towards a midfoot/forefoot strike pattern. Stride length in D8 was significantly larger than in D12 (p = 0.007). No significances were found on vertical loading rates, contact time and perceived footwear comfort (p > 0.05). The isolated effects of heel-toe drop on running biomechanics were demonstrated in shoe models with a standard heel stack height. A lower heel-toe drop of standard cushioned shoes may reduce footstrike angle and increase stride length during running.