Shock Period Research Articles

Using free Wi-Fi to assess impact of COVID-19 pandemic on traditional wet markets in Hanoi

Traditional wet markets are the main source of fresh food and the largest source of daily nutrient intake for citizens of Hanoi. Nevertheless, due to the lack of traceability and sales registration systems, food flows within these markets remain largely invisible. This makes it challenging to assess the impact of shocks, such as pandemics, on these markets. In this paper, we characterize the impact of COVID-19 by analyzing data from 25 Wi-Fi access points installed in five formally established wet markets. The study timeframe covers a pre-pandemic period from July 2019 to the end of the initial stage of the pandemic in November 2020. While providing free Internet access, data were continuously collected about devices in close vicinity to the access points. Based on this information, we tested five hypotheses about the number, frequency, time, and duration of visits to the markets as well as changes in inter-market activities. The results show that during the shock (February to mid-April 2020) and aftershock (mid-April to July 2020) periods, market actors significantly decreased the total number of market visits (-26% P < 0.001) and the frequency of market visits (up to -47% for very frequent market users, P < 0.001). The number of inter-market visits dropped sharply during the shock period (66% ±\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\pm$$\\end{document} 17% of the baseline level, P < 0.001), and the peak time for market shopping shifted significantly by 90 min later in the day, P < 0.001. No change was observed in visit duration. Several factors identified in existing literature as affecting consumer behaviors provide possible explanations for the changes observed. We present a set of recommendations to limit the negative impact of the pandemic in terms of food security and livelihoods in Hanoi and to mitigate consumers’ negative perception of wet markets in terms of food safety.

Research on the Performance of the ARIMA Model in the Stock Market

With the rapid development and upgrading transformation of Chinese financial industry and increasing investment quality, the investment enthusiasm of the masses has been improved. The prediction of stock price has an effective reference for investors to determine investment strategies. In this paper, ARIMA model is used to compare the model performance of Shanghai Composite Index, Shenzhen Composite Index and Science and Technology Innovation Board. This model is also fitted to the normal period and the shock period of the stock market respectively. The study found that the Shanghai Composite Index is the most mature market, and the fitting performance of the stock market in the normal period is better than that in the shock period. From the middle of 2015 to the beginning of 2016, the Shanghai Composite Index and Shenzhen Composite Index fluctuated significantly. This study not only helps investors to adopt more reasonable investment strategies, but also has important reference value for market regulators to guide the market effectively, avoid violent fluctuations in the stock market and maintain market stability.

School innovation for continuous learning in the period of a health shock and pupils’ mental wellbeing in Burkina Faso and Ethiopia

ABSTRACT This study focuses on the psychological consequences of school innovation for ongoing learning during the COVID-19 lockdown, which includes teaching strategies that use both online and offline (e.g. telephone-based instruction) teaching methods. Based on survey data obtained from Burkina Faso and Ethiopia, as collected by UNESCO/IEA, it is evident that the existence of learning innovation in schools is associated with a significant reduction in the likelihood of children reporting poor mental health and experiencing negative emotions. The results indicate that the gender of teachers and students, and the location of the schools, play a significant role in influencing the outcomes.

Volatility forecasting of crude oil futures based on Bi-LSTM-Attention model: The dynamic role of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russian-Ukrainian conflict

The COVID-19 epidemic and the Russian-Ukrainian conflict have created significant uncertainty in the crude oil market, greatly increasing the difficulty of crude oil futures price volatility forecasting. The objective of this study is to investigate the time-varying nature of the impact of major events on the crude oil market and to examine how to accurately predict crude oil futures price volatility during major shocks. To this end, we propose a novel crude oil futures price volatility forecasting framework based on the Bidirectional Long and Short-Term Memory Neural Network-Attention Mechanism Model (Bi-LSTM-Attention), which contains period division, variable screening, model prediction, and assessment indicators, to further analyze in-depth the impacts of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine conflict on the volatility of crude oil futures price. In addition, we also investigate the impact of external factors on the crude oil market, including economic status, geopolitical events, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Empirical evidence demonstrates that the impact of major events on crude oil futures price volatility is significantly time-varying and differentiated. Particularly during high shock periods, the Fake News Index plays an extremely influential role in driving crude oil futures price volatility. Moreover, our proposed model reliably captures the trend of crude oil futures price volatility during these violent shocks. The contributions of this study are to provide valuable insights into the impact of significant events on crude oil price volatility and contribute to a deeper understanding of crude oil market dynamics.

Abstract 370: Oral-Mucosal PCO 2 During Hemorrhagic Shock Closely Monitors Its Time Course, Severity, and Reversal Outperforming Blood Lactate Measurement

Objective: Oral-Mucosal PCO 2 (P OM CO 2 ) has been shown to closely correlate with the splanchnic mucosal PCO 2 and provide information on its microcirculation. We used a swine model of controlled hemorrhagic shock to assess the potential clinical relevance of monitoring P OM CO 2 to assess its clinical course, severity, and treatment effect. Methods: The study was performed on six male domestic pigs (37.9±1.4 kg). P OM CO 2 was measured using a non-invasive disposable sensor clipped to the cheek, developed by ExoStat Medical. Blood was removed over 120 minutes from the right atrium using a LabVIEW-controlled pump according to a mono-exponential decay curve modeling spontaneous bleeding and reinfused in 20 minutes observing the animal for a total of 180 minutes. Results: A total of 1,491±193 ml corresponding to 65.5% of the estimated blood volume were removed inducing the characteristic hemodynamic features of hemorrhagic shock including tachycardia, hypotension, reduced cardiac output, and reduced systemic oxygen delivery with increased systemic oxygen extraction. P OM CO 2 closely paralleled the time course of blood removal showing an early and steady increase from 85±5 mmHg at baseline to 144±32 mmHg after 120 minutes. Blood reinfusion rapidly reduced the P OM CO 2 to 130±17 mmHg after 20 minutes and 96±14 mmHg at the end of 180 minutes, coincident with reversal of hemorrhagic shock. P OM CO 2 also closely tracked changes in systemic oxygen extraction. Concurrent measurements of blood lactate demonstrated a slower increase during the hemorrhagic shock period (from 1.1±0.3 to 3.0±0.3 mmol/l) with further increase (not decrease) to 5.4±2.0 mmol/l after blood reinfusion, remaining at 4.3±0.8 mmol/l by the end of the 180-minute observation period. Conclusions: The study demonstrated capability of P OM CO 2 to closely and non-invasively track hemodynamic and metabolic changes occurring during hemorrhagic shock. P OM CO 2 outperformed blood lactate which exhibited a slower and delayed response. Thus, P OM CO 2 may provide a clinically practical and non-invasive means to monitor hemorrhagic shock assessing its severity, clinical course, and treatment effect.

Effect of high-dose intravenous ascorbic acid on microcirculation and endothelial glycocalyx during sepsis and septic shock: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study

Previous studies indicate supplemental vitamin C improves microcirculation and reduces glycocalyx shedding in septic animals. Our randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial aimed to investigate whether a high dose of intravenous ascorbic acid (AA) might improve microcirculation and affect glycocalyx in septic patients. In our study, 23 septic patients were supplemented with a high dose (50 mg/kg every 6 h) of intravenous AA or placebo for 96 h. Sublingual microcirculation was examined using a handheld Cytocam-incident dark field (IDF) video microscope. A sidestream dark field video microscope (SDF), connected to the GlycoCheck software (GlycoCheck ICU®; Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands), was employed to observe glycocalyx. We found a significantly higher proportion of perfused small vessels (PPV) 6 h after the beginning of the trial in the experimental group compared with placebo. As an indicator of glycocalyx thickness, the perfused boundary region was lower in capillaries of the 5–9 μm diameter in the AA group than placebo after the first dose of AA. Our data suggest that high-dose parenteral AA tends to improve microcirculation and glycocalyx in the early period of septic shock. The study was retrospectively registered in the clinicaltrials.gov database on 26/02/2021 (registration number NCT04773717).

The impact of family support and organization on adolescents during school closure under Covid-19 lockdown regulations in an area of South Africa.

The Covid-19 pandemic and resultant disruptions to schooling presented significant challenges for many families. Well organised families have been shown to have a protective effect on adolescent wellbeing in periods of shock. At the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic, Asenze, a population-based cohort study, was conducting a third wave of data collection in peri-urban South Africa, examining risk and protective factors during adolescence. By March 2020, n = 272 adolescents and their caregivers (n = 241) in the cohort had been assessed when in-person data collection was halted by lockdown measures countrywide. During this cessation we undertook a brief telephonic qualitative sub-study to explore whether families enrolled in the cohort were able to cohabit cohesively and undertake distance learning during lockdown. A purposeful sample of 20 families (caregivers n = 20, adolescents n = 24) recently assessed in the Wave 3 of the main study, participated in semi-structured interviews. Quantitative data from Waves 1-3 of the main study was used to measure family function, adolescent cognitive function, and profile adolescent and caregivers. The quantitative and qualitative data were integrated to illustrate the dynamics of the participants' lives before and during lockdown. We found that families classified as well-organized before lockdown, were more likely to report co-operation during lockdown. Adolescents who were self-motivated, had access to smartphones or the internet, and were supported by both family and educators, were well-placed to continue their education without much disruption. However, few schools instituted distance learning. Of the adolescents who were not assisted- some studied on their own or with peers, but others did no schoolwork, hindered by a lack of digital connectivity, and poor service delivery. The experience of adolescence and caregivers in the Asenze Cohort during lockdown highlight the importance of family functioning for adolescent wellbeing in crisis, as well as the need for access to health, mental health, and social services, communication upgrades, and enhancements to the education system during peaceful times, to make a difference to young lives in times of crisis.

Learning-prolonged maintenance of stimulus information in CA1 and subiculum during trace fear conditioning

Temporal associative learning binds discontiguous conditional stimuli (CSs) and unconditional stimuli (USs), possibly by maintaining CS information in the hippocampus after its offset. Yet, how learning regulates such maintenance of CS information in hippocampal circuits remains largely unclear. Using the auditory trace fear conditioning (TFC) paradigm, we identify a projection from the CA1 to the subiculum critical for TFC. Deep-brain calcium imaging shows that the peak of trace activity in the CA1 and subiculum is extended toward the US and that the CS representation during the trace period is enhanced during learning. Interestingly, such plasticity is consolidated only in the CA1, not the subiculum, after training. Moreover, CA1 neurons, but not subiculum neurons, increasingly become active during CS-and-trace and shock periods, respectively, and correlate with CS-evoked fear retrieval afterward. These results indicate that learning dynamically enhances stimulus information maintenance in the CA1-subiculum circuit during learning while storing CS and US memories primarily in the CA1 area.

Assessment of Ethynylestradiol-3-sulfate on Coagulation, Metabolism and Survival in Pigs with Traumatic Hemorrhage.

The beneficial effects of estrogens on survival from hemorrhage have been suggested in some preclinical models. This study investigated the effects of ethynylestradiol-3-sulfate (EE-3-S) on coagulation, metabolism and survival in pigs following traumatic hemorrhage. Twenty-six pigs were randomized into: normal saline group (NS, n = 10), EE-3-S group (EE-3, n = 11) groups, and no resuscitation group (NR, n = 5). Femur fracture was performed in each pig's left leg, followed by hemorrhage of 55% of estimated blood volume and a 10 min shock period. Afterwards, pigs were resuscitated with a small volume of either NS alone (4 ml/kg) or EE-3-S with NS (1 ml/kg at concentration of 1 mg/ml, plus NS solution of 3 ml/kg). Pigs in NR group were not resuscitated with any fluid. All pigs were then monitored for 6 hours or until death, with hemodynamics and survival times recorded. Blood samples were taken during the study for measurements of oxygen metabolism (oxygen delivery, extraction, and consumption) and coagulation function (using Rotem® with Extem reagents). All baseline measurements were similar among the 3 groups. In the NS group, femur fracture and hemorrhage immediately reduced mean arterial pressure (MAP, 74 ± 3 mmHg to 44 ± 4 mmHg) and increased heart rate (97 ± 5 bpm to 218 ± 14 bpm, both p < 0.05). Similar changes in MAP and heart rate were observed in the EE-3 and NR groups. There were no differences observed in changes of Rotem® measurements or oxygen metabolism among the groups during the study. At 6-hour, 4 pigs in NS, 4 pigs in EE-3-S, and 2 pigs in the NR group survived to the end of the study. The mean survival times were similar among the NS (212 ± 43 min), EE-3 (212 ± 39 min) and NR (223 ± 63 min) groups (p = 0.9845). Following severe traumatic hemorrhage, hypotensive resuscitation with EE-3-S did not impact coagulation, metabolism, or survival in pigs.Study type: laboratory animal study. N/A.

Man in a changing world: How to coordinate individual plans?

In 2022 political issues made significant adjustments to individual economic plans of hundreds of millions of people around the world. Against this background, the idea of industrial regulation is gaining popularity again as a means to overcome the shocks that have arisen. However, how effective is such a mechanism for coordinating efforts to adapt to changes? In our article, we propose to look at the problem through the analysis of two models of man: the entrepreneur in Austrian economics and the limited rational person in the transaction costs economics. Based on the results of the analysis we reconstruct the process of adapting the market (or industry) to the shock using a formalized model of the game theory. The model allows us to demonstrate two key informational problems of adaptation to changes: individuals’ limited rationality and their heterogeneity in terms of “entrepreneurial alertness”. For industrial policy, this means the expediency of comparing the regulatory intervention’s benefits and costs during the shock period, taking into account the entrepreneurs’ advantage over the regulator in the collection and use of dispersed knowledge.

Development of the credit market of Ukraine under macroeconomic instability

The development of Ukraine’s credit market occurs under periodic economic crises. Available destructive processes inhibit the development of credit relations, negatively affecting the lending of economic entities and restraining the development of the national economy. This study aims to highlight the basic transformations in the development of the credit market of Ukraine, which are formed in macroeconomic instability. The economic development trends in Ukraine were assessed using classical statistical methods. The correlation regression analysis was used to analyze the influence of macroeconomic parameters (exchange rate, average salary, and cost of loans) on the volume of bank lending. The results show that the national economy of Ukraine during 2005–2021 developed in the conditions of periodic macroeconomic instability, and the pre-crisis (an indicator of 2013) parameters of bank lending volumes have not restored within the credit market. The paper stresses the significant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: in 2020, the volume of bank lending decreased by 10.38 billion USD. Moreover, the econometric analysis of the influence of specific macroeconomic parameters (exchange rate, average salary, and cost of loans) on the development of bank lending in Ukraine demonstrated that the stability of the national currency exerts the greatest influence on the lending processes of economic entities in Ukraine. Its provision in the long term allows the creation of favorable conditions for the credit market functioning after the shock periods. Acknowledgment This study is conducted within the framework of the scientific project “Transformation of the households’ behavior in the financial services market in the context of digitalization” with the support of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine.

Risk assessment of shock periods and investment attractiveness of agroholdings of Ukraine

Purpose. This paper deals with analysis and assessment of the risks specific to the agricultural business under conditions of macroeconomic uncertainty associated with the war unleashed by russia on the territory of Ukraine. The performed study included the stability analysis of the agricultural holdings in Ukraine before and after the shock period, and their investment attractiveness.&#x0D; Methodology / approach. In the research process, a combination of methods of risk analysis of Ukrainian agricultural holdings during the shock period and the speed of recovery of their investment attractiveness was proposed. Daily stock rates of selected agricultural holdings served as information support for calculations. The sample was subdivided into three periods: before the shock, which was characterized by a certain level of stability; the shock period caused by the war; and the recovery period after the shock. The study was carried out with the use of the shock depth indication and the recovery level following the shock, the risk analysis based on VaR and CVaR approach and forecasting of further liquidity curve of the agricultural producers based on Holt-Winters’ model.&#x0D; Results. The depth of the fall in the shock period (Sd) and the level of recovery after the shock period (Rl) for agricultural holdings of Ukraine have been established. The Sd indicator ranged from -44 % to 71 %, and Rl averaged 56 %, which confirmed the insignificant level of recovery of capitalization of agricultural holdings. Positive trends of overcoming the shock period were established for all studied agricultural holdings of Ukraine. A significant difference in the liquidity of assets of agricultural holdings was revealed.&#x0D; Originality / scientific novelty. The originality of the research is the approbation of a set of methods that allow simultaneously considering various features of the manifestation of risks caused by russian full-scale armed aggression.&#x0D; Practical value / implications. The practical value of the research lies in the determination of the negative impact of the risks of shock periods and the assessment of the investment attractiveness of agricultural holdings, which can be used for decision-making. The proposed approaches can be recommended for the analysis of other agricultural enterprises and for potential investors in other periods of significant changes and in the post-war period.

Epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of sepsis development and death in patients with extremely severe burns

Objective: To explore the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of sepsis development and death in patients with extremely severe burns. Methods: A retrospective case series study was conducted. From January 2017 to December 2021, 135 patients with extremely severe burns who met the inclusion criteria were admitted to the Department of Burn and Wound Repair of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, including 100 males and 35 females, aged 18-84 years. The incidence and diagnosis time of sepsis, the rate of positive microbial culture of blood samples (hereinafter referred to as positive blood culture), and the mortality rate of all patients, as well as the incidence of sepsis and the pathogen of infection in patients with positive blood culture were recorded (statistically analyzed with chi-square test or Fisher's exact probability test). According to the occurrence of sepsis, all patients were divided into sepsis group (58 cases) and non-sepsis group (77 cases), and the gender, age, body mass index, history of hypertension, history of diabetes, combination of inhalation injury, burn site, burn type, total burn area, and combined injury of patients were compared between the two groups. According to the outcome, all patients were divided into death group (37 cases) and survival group (98 cases), and the aforementioned data grouped according to sepsis as well as the stability of shock period and the combination of sepsis of patients were compared between the two groups. The aforementioned data between two groups were statistically analyzed with univariate analysis of independent sample t test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test, or Fisher's exact probability test. Factors with P<0.1 were selected for multivariate logistic regression analysis to screen independent risk factors of sepsis and death in patients with extremely severe burns. Results: Among all patients, the incidence of sepsis was 42.96% (58/135), the diagnosis time of sepsis was 14 (7, 24) d after injury, the positive blood culture rate was 62.22% (84/135), and the mortality rate was 27.41% (37/135). The incidence of sepsis of patients with positive blood culture was 69.05% (58/84). The top 5 pathogenic bacteria in the detection rate of septic patients with positive blood culture were Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterobacter cloacae, ranking from high to low, and the proportion of Acinetobacter baumannii infected was significantly higher than that of non-septic patients with positive blood culture (χ2=7.49, P<0.05). Compared with those in non-sepsis group, the proportion of combination of inhalation injury, the proportion of perineal burns, and the total burn area of patients in sepsis group increased significantly (with χ2 values of 11.08 and 17.47, respectively, Z=5.68, P<0.05), while the other indicators did not change significantly (P>0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that combination of inhalation injury, total burn area ≥80% total body surface area (TBSA), and perineal burns were independent risk factors for patients with extremely severe burns developing sepsis (with odds ratios of 3.15, 7.24, and 3.24, respectively, with 95% confidence intervals of 1.07 to 9.29, 1.79 to 29.34, and 1.21 to 8.68, respectively, P<0.05). Compared with those in survival group, the proportion of combination of inhalation injury, the proportion of perineal burns, and the proportion of combination of sepsis (with χ2 values of 6.55, 11.64, and 22.26, respectively, P values all <0.05), total burn area (Z=4.25, P<0.05), and proportion of instability of shock period (P<0.05) of patients in death group all increased significantly, while the other indicators did not change significantly (P>0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the instability of shock period and combination of sepsis were independent risk factors for death of patients with extremely severe burns (with odds ratios of 4.87 and 3.45, respectively, with 95% confidence intervals of 1.21 to 19.57 and 1.28 to 9.33, respectively, P<0.05). Conclusions: Patients with extremely severe burns have a high incidence of sepsis and a high mortality rate. The peak period of sepsis onset is 2 weeks after injury, with Acinetobacter baumannii as the most prominent infectious pathogen. Combination of inhalation injury, total burn area ≥80% TBSA, and perineal burns are independent risk factors for extremely severe burn patients complicated with sepsis, and combination of sepsis and instability of shock period are independent risk factors for death of patients with extremely severe burns.

Intersectoral contagion effects in the Russian economy under the pandemic shock

Objective: to identify the presence/absence of transmission of financial contagion between sectors of the Russian economy during the 2020-2021 pandemic.Methods: the study is based on data on the inter-sessional average daily profitability of six industry indices of the Russian trading system for the period from 01.01.2019 to 23.02.2022. Using the calculation of the sliding coefficient of variation for the average industry index of the Russian trading system and the sliding growth rate of coronavirus infection, three periods of pandemic shock were identified: short-term (acute phase of the pandemic), medium-term (covering the first and second waves of infection), and long-term (up to the announcement of the Russian special military operation in Ukraine). Intersectoral contamination was identified on the basis of strengthening the relationships between the profitability of industry assets by analyzing three distribution points: the correlation coefficient adjusted for heteroscedasticity (Forbes–Rigobon test), tests for co-asymmetry and co-kurtosis of the distribution.Results: estimates of the scale and direction of financial contagion between the Russian economic sectors during the pandemic were obtained. Firstly, they indicate an increase in confirmed cases of intersectoral contagion in the medium and long term, which indicates a “long-term trace” of the pandemic. Secondly, the number of contagions increases closer to higher distribution points. Thirdly, the main branches of the Russian economy (metallurgy and oil industry), contrary to expectations, turned out to be the least connected with other branches of the Russian economy during the pandemic. The telecommunications sector demonstrated the greatest propensity to transmit contagion. The conclusion about the consumer sphere and trade being the most exposed to contagion is rather expected.Scientific novelty: for the first time, estimates of intersectoral financial contagion for the Russian economy during the pandemic have been obtained, which indicate the presence of both short-term and long-term effects of the pandemic, as well as the strengthened role of certain industries (in particular, the telecommunications industry) in the transmission of contagion under the economy digitalization.Practical significance: the data obtained can be useful in managing the financial stability of individual industries during pandemic-type crises.

An Examination of the Relationship between Social Media Sentiment and Housing Market Information

&lt;p&gt;透過社群網路搜尋人們的看法評價作為參考已成為現代人做決策的一種方式，過去文獻已發現傳統媒體是影響市場的重要因素，本文進一步了解社群媒體與房市變化是否有關聯。本文使用OpView社群口碑資料庫2016年至2020年有關房市的臉書 (Facebook) 與論壇 (PTT) 貼文，建構社群媒體情緒聲量指標，與房價、交易量、流通天數、議價空間等四個房市交易資訊以進行關係的實證測試。結果顯示Facebook與PTT社群總情緒聲量或區分為正面、負面、中立情緒之測試，可發現對房價與房屋交易量有顯著影響力，但對房屋流通天數與議價空間就只有PTT社群情緒聲量發現影響力。在Granger因果關係檢定方面，房價與交易量與社群情緒聲量互為因果，也就是發生回饋的情況，然社群情緒聲量僅單向影響流通天數，並與議價空間有很弱的因果關係。透過觀察衝擊反應函數，Facebook社群情緒聲量對房價在衝擊發生的初期有正向且顯著的影響，PTT社群情緒聲量則是對房價、議價空間分別有相對較長期間的正向、負向影響。本文證實社群媒體對於房市具有一定程度的影響力，透過觀察社群情緒聲量能對房市變化更有掌握。&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Online social networks have become a popular channel through which individuals obtain opinions and evaluations that enable them to make informed decisions. Studies have determined that traditional media are a key factor influencing various markets. The present study explored the relationship between social media and housing market changes. The OpView database was searched to retrieve online responses posted between 2016 and 2020 on various social media platforms (i.e., Facebook and PTT). Social media sentiment indices, which were constructed on the basis of the collected online responses, were used to analyze the correlations of the responses with housing price, transaction volume, time-on-the-market, and price concessions. The results indicate that the general, positive, negative, and neutral online responses posted on Facebook and PTT significantly influenced both housing prices and transaction volume. However, only the online responses posted on PTT significantly affected time-on-the-market and price concessions. The results of a Granger causality test revealed the two-way causal relationships of housing prices and transaction volume with online responses, indicating the presence of a feedback mechanism. However, online responses only affected time-on-the-market in one direction, and their causal relationship with price concessions was weak. The results obtained using the impact response function indicate that the effect of Facebook online responses on housing prices was only significant and positive during the initial period of shock. By contrast, the positive and negative effects of PTT online responses on housing prices and price concessions, respectively, persisted for a longer period. We determined that online social media responses influenced the housing market. Through an analysis of social media sentiment, we obtained a clearer understanding of housing market fluctuations.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

Anomalous Seismic Noises from the December 9, 2020 MW = 5.6 KUDARA Earthquake in the Baikal Basin

Studies have been conducted on the variations of microseismic noise recorded by broadband and short-period seismic stations in the area of South Baikal before and after the large December 9, 2020 Kudara earthquake with Mw = 5.6. Ten days before the earthquake, there was a gradual increase of oscillation amplitudes in the frequency range from 0.01 to 0.1 Hz, with an increasing background observed also during 4 days after the main shock (period from December 1, 2020 to January 12, 2021). The maximum amplitude increase is 19.5 against the background. During this time, there were recorded 48 aftershocks. The analysis of direction of particle motion in seismic waves over the reporting period showed an abrupt change in the orientation of oscillations, which is fully consistent with the azimuth for the main shock epicenter. The analysis of seismograms over the next period (from December 13) did not show similar effects in the microseismic noise field. Apparently, the microseismic noise field reflected the process of slow faulting before the earthquake and after the main shock with subsequent attenuation.

Food insecurity experience during climate shock periods and farmers’ aspiration in Ethiopia

Research on climate change impact focuses on biophysical and economic dimensions. This paper seeks to unveil the association between smallholder farmers' food insecurity experience (FIE) during climate shock periods and their subsequent aspiration level. To this end, our analysis relied on data collected in rural Ethiopia following an unprecedented climate shock the country faced in 2016. We measured food insecurity (FI) using the food insecurity experience scale module (FIES-M) while households' aspirations were captured using an aggregated index measured in four dimensions: asset, income, children's education, and social status. We use both descriptive analysis and multinomial models to portray the association between FIE and aspiration. The majority of the respondents (67%) faced FI in varied severity: mild, moderate, and severe. The self-reported food gap months during the shock period ranges between 0 and 9 months. Among individuals reporting a food gap, around 80% faced three or more months. The average farmer had an aspiration level of 0.0042. Aspiration was associated with the socioeconomic realities of individuals. Educated, males, households with higher dependency ratio, income, and livestock had higher aspiration levels. Aspiration also varied with the severity of food insecurity individuals experienced. Farmers who experienced severe FI during the shock period had lower aspiration levels. A one-month food gap was associated with a decrease in 0.023 standard deviations in aspiration. The association between FI and aspiration level remains true even after controlling for the socioeconomic covariates of aspiration. There is gender disparity in the severity of FIE and aspiration of households during the shock period. However, this was not true when male headed and female headed households are equal in education, income, and asset holdings. In summary, in addition to the resource-related impact, climate shocks may influence the future oriented behavior of farmers. Further research based on longitudinal data is necessary to capture the dynamic nature of aspiration formation and reformation in relation to FIE during climate shock periods.

Enteral protease inhibition reduces systemic enzymatic activity and proteolysis after experimental trauma-hemorrhagic shock

Trauma-hemorrhagic shock (T-HS) is a major cause of multiorgan failure and mortality world-wide. Our previous work demonstrates that uncontrolled proteolysis in T-HS is associated with poor outcomes and that enteral inhibition of proteolytic activity may be beneficial. However, the enzymes involved, their degradation products, and the systemic consequences of protease activity in T-HS are not well understood. Our aim was to identify plasma enzymatic activity and the resulting peptidome in experimental T-HS, and determine the changes in this activity following enteral protease inhibition. Anesthetized male Wistar rats (~400g) were subjected to T-HS via laparotomy followed by blood removal to achieve a mean blood pressure of ~35-40mmHg for 90 min. An orogastric catheter was passed through the mouth into the proximal duodenum and Golytely (Shock-control, n=8) or Golytely+gabexate mesilate, 10mg/kg (GM-treated, n=8) was enterally infused starting 30 minutes into the shock period. Animals were resuscitated with Lactated Ringers solution (LR) and monitored for 120 min after reperfusion. The gabexate mesilate treatment improved mean arterial pressure after reperfusion (57.6±4.3 mmHg) compared to Shock-control group (43.7±4.5mmHg, p&lt;0.0001) requiring significantly less resuscitation fluid (14±3ml vs 25.7±2.3 ml, respectively, p&lt;0.0001). Systemic proteolysis, as measured by the plasma peptidome, increased by 630±212% in the Shock-control group compared to baseline, and was mitigated by treatment with gabexate mesilate to 203±70% (p=0.02). Using tagged fluorescent substrates, trypsin-like activity in plasma increased with T-HS to 937±90% of baseline (p&lt;0.0001) and was reduced by enteral protease inhibition to 321±72% of baseline (p=0.0321 vs. baseline, p=0.0078 vs. Shock-control). The most common proteins to be degraded were structural (myosin, actin, and collagen), coagulation-related (inter-alpha trypsin inhibitor, kininogen, complement C4, and fibrinogen) and metabolic in function (apolipoprotein E, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, and carbonyl reductase). These proteins were cleaved after T-HS 1.5-4 times more in the Shock-control compared to the GM-treated group. In conclusion, we were able to identify trypsin-like activity in plasma from animals subjected to T-HS. Enteral inhibition of serine proteases was able to significantly decrease this activity and improve outcomes, suggesting that the gut is a driver of uncontrolled proteolysis and resulting morbidity in T-HS. Enteral serine protease inhibition may be an effective clinical strategy for decreasing inappropriate systemic proteolysis and improving outcomes in T-HS. This work was supported by the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs and the Defense Health Agency J9, Research and Development Directorate under Award No. W81XWH-17-2-0047. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Realized higher-order moments spillovers across cryptocurrencies

Using 1-min data of nine cryptocurrency prices, spanning the period 2017 to 2021, the analysis extends Hasan et al. (2021) and Ahmed and Al Mafrachi (2021) papers that explore the dynamic spillovers connectedness of returns and realized moments, including realized volatility, realized skewness, and realized kurtosis, via a time-varying parameter vector autoregression (TVP-VAR) connectedness approach. Our study improves it by offering a larger set of cryptocurrencies, as well as new evidence on the mechanisms that can explain the presence of connectedness. Moreover, our new findings document that spillover effects intensify during shock periods, such as the ‘COVID-19′ pandemic, a fact that the above papers did not consider. Higher-order moment spillovers contain additional information that cannot be observed from return and realized volatility spillovers. Shocks from the cryptocurrency market identify different submitters and recipients across the cryptocurrencies under study. Furthermore, the analysis through quantile regressions illustrate that spillovers are generally affected by a number of factors within the cryptocurrency markets, as well as the COVID pandemic, depending on what tail point of the distribution we are. The findings are of significant importance for investors, portfolio managers, regulators and policymakers who should be aware of the impact of shocks within those markets on the dynamics of spillovers for the sake of investment decisions and financial stability.

The design of a high-voltage pulsed electric field (hpef) device for non-liquid materials based on microcontroller

High-voltage pulsed electric field (HPEF) is one of the technologies applied in the food industry with the principle of non-heat treatment with a short pre-treatment time and no pollution is produced. The main benefit of this tool is to kill microbes in the food industry. In addition to non-thermal sterilization, HPEF can also be used for electroporation. Cell electroporation is the application of an electric voltage to the cell. The cells are damaged (broken/porous) without destroying the bioactive components present in the cells. Previous studies have shown that materials treated with HPEF increase the yield when distilled. It can occur due to the electroporation process, namely the breakdown of the oil cell network, so that the distillation process is efficient (can reduce distillation time and increase the quantity of oil). The care box is designed with dimensions of 60cm x 40cm x 30cm which is made of acrylic material. The electrodes used a 60cm x 40cm plate mounted on a linear drive to adjust the treatment distance. HPEF uses a 15kV neon sign transformer. The transformer input frequency setting is set with a dimmer. A microcontroller is installed to adjust the shock period on the electrodes. Based on trials, the device can be used for various solid materials with different volumes.