Shivpuri District Research Articles

Petrological Evidences of Impact-induced Shock Metamorphism in the Basement Granitoids and Rhyolitic Melt Breccia of Mohar Area, Shivpuri District, Madhya Pradesh

Abstract The circular structure at Mohar (Dhala structure) in the western part of Bundelkhand Gneissic Complex, is marked by a prominent outlier of Kaimur sediments surrounded by low lying concentric sequence of sediments of Dhala Formation and basement granite breccia. This has been interpreted as a volcanic eruption related cauldron structure and meteoritic impact crater structure by various authors, on the basis of absence or presence of shock indicators in the clasts of a rhyolite-like rock that crops out scantily in the north western part of the structure. During the course of extensive sub-surface uranium exploration in this structure, the geoscientists of Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research observed unequivocal and rampant evidences of shock metamorphic features for the first time in drill core samples of basement granitoids which constitute the bed rock for the rhyolite-like melt breccia, which overlies it. Published data of shock metamorphic features from this area are largely confined to the surface samples of the rhyolite-like melt rock, exposed in sparse outcrops. The shock metamorphic features recorded in the sub-surface granitoid bed rock samples during the present study, comprise planar deformation features (PDF) in quartz, feldspar, apatite and zircon, toasted, diaplectic, ladder-textured feldspars, selectively shock-melted feldspars and melt-veined quartz. The shock metamorphic features recorded in surface and sub-surface samples of the melt rock include ballen quartz, PDF in quartz clasts, toasted and diaplectic feldspar clasts shocked basic rock fragments with isotropised feldspars. Both the shocked bedrock granitoid and the melt rock bear uncharacteristic geochemical signatures with elevated K2O, MgO and depleted CaO. The study also observes that the melt breccia overlying the granitoid bedrock also occurs as pocket-like patches at various depths within the granitoids. Thus, the present findings have helped in understanding the attributes of the basement granitoid and associated melt breccia, thereby linking the genesis of the latter by selective melting of the former, due to the process of impact. It reinforces the already propounded theory of impact as the likely cause for the development of the structure in the basement Bundelkhand granitoid that was later filled by sediments standing out presently as a mesa.

Application of high resolution airborne geophysical data in geological modelling of Mohar Cauldron Complex, Bundelkhand Massif, central India: implications for uranium exploration

The Mohar cauldron, located near Mohar village, Shivpuri District, Madhya Pradesh, India, represents an explosive felsic volcanic event. The Mohar Cauldron Complex (MCC) is an important target area for uranium exploration as collapse breccias associated with extensional tectonics are traditionally important for multi-metal deposits, including uranium. Advanced processing and interpretation of the high resolution airborne electromagnetic (AEM), magnetic and radiometric data acquired over the Mohar cauldron and the surrounding environs by Fugro Airborne surveys, successfully mapped the major geological domains in the area based on their distinct geophysical characteristics. Interpretation of the data indicated the presence of three felsic intrusive bodies, only one of which, the MCC, reached the surface and collapsed. Variation in the geophysical characteristics of the three bodies is attributed to variations in hydrothermal alteration. Magnetic signature and radiometric response of the MCC and surrounding area also show signs of intense alteration. AEM data has allowed the boundary of the sediments within the MCC to be mapped accurately, along with the surrounding brecciated zone. Conductivity depth imaging calculated to a depth of 500 m clearly indicated the geometry and disposition of different layers of MCC. 3D voxel modelling of the MCC also allowed for the identification of the different lithologies that constitute the cauldron structure. 3D conductivity isosurfaces provided a thorough understanding of the subsurface distribution of conductivities.

Prevalence of Dental Fluorosis Among Primary School Children in Rural Areas of Karera Block, Madhya Pradesh

To determine prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis in school going children of ten villages of Karera block of Shivpuri District, Madhya Pradesh. Fluoride ion concentration was measured in ten hand pump and two wells waters with a fluoride meter (ORION model 720). For the study total 750 school children were selected from ten government primary schools of ten rural villages. The survey was conducted during the period of November 2007 through December 2009. The dental and oral examination was done by two trained dentists. The occurrence and severity of dental fluorosis was recorded using Dean's index. Drinking water sources considered for study were hand pumps, and wells. Out of 750 children surveyed, 341 were found affected with dental fluorosis. The boys had greater prevalence (46.75%) as compared to girls (42.18%). Dental fluorosis, as assessed by Dean's Index shows that 20.8% children had grade I, 19.47% grade II, 5.2% grade III. Overall, 45.46% of the sample showed some grades of dental fluorosis. In all the 144 water samples from ten villages fluoride level was higher than permissible limits. The boys had greater prevalence of dental fluorosis over the girls.

Geology, Petrography and Geochemistry of Rhyolite-Hosted Uranium Mineralization at Mohar, Shivpuri District, Madhya Pradesh

Abstract: In the westernmost part of the Bundelkhand Granitoid Complex (BGC), a mesa structure represents a unique outlier, surrounded by brecciated granite and filled with Vindhyan sedimentary rocks locally known as the Dhala Formation near Mohar village of Shivpuri district, Madhya Pradesh. Uranium mineralisation located in the area is mostly associated with rhyolite of peralkaline to peraluminous in nature, that has a high average uranium concentration (30 ppm). The mineralization is in or adjacent to caldera and is hydrothermal vein-type. Radioactivity is mainly due to coffinite with limited radioactivity due to U-Ti complex, uranium adsorbed in clay and labile uranium along fracture. Coffinite occurs in association with pyrite and chalcopyrite or chlorite with presence of fluorite. Features such as chloritisation, clay formation and sulfide mineralisation manifest hydrothermal alteration. Chemical analysis indicates the aluminous nature of the rock and their high K2O / Na2O (3.81-12.84) ratios are suggestive of predominance of potash feldspar over sodic. The alteration index varies from 49.88-92.40, which, reflects high intensity of hydrothermal alteration. Chlorite-carbonate-pyrite index (CCPI), a measure of the intensity of replacement of sodic feldspars and glass by sericite, chlorite, carbonate, and pyrite associated with hydrothermal alteration proximal to the ore bodies varies from 3.84-49.66. On the basis of core study, geochemistry and mineralogy, it is envisaged that epigenetic hydrothermal solutions were responsible for concentration of uranium as coffinite, radioactive carbonaceous matter and adsorbed uranium phases in rhyolite with sulfide confined to weak planes.

Mapping and Assessment of Groundwater Potential in Bilrai Watershed (Shivpuri District, M.P.)—A Geomatics Approach

The main objective of the present work is to delineate the groundwater potential zones in Bilari watershed of district Shivpuri, Madhya Pradesh. Remote Sensing data and GIS were used to delineate the groundwater potential zones of the area. IRS-1D (LISS III) data have been utilized to extract information on various themes such as geomorphology, structure, drainage and land use/land cover. Available lithology and soil maps have also been used. DEM has been generated from contours taken from Survey of India topographical maps in order to obtain the slope percentage and slope aspect of the area. The groundwater potential zones were delineated by weighted overlay analysis. The themes geology, geomorphology, slope and soil were considered and the weightages assigned to different classes of respective themes according to their role in groundwater potential. Finally, five groundwater potential zones viz., very good, good, moderate; poor and very poor were delineated for the study area. It was estimated that about 110.41 sq km area which forms 37.55% of the total area are in the zones of very poor, poor and moderate category and about 183.75 sq km (62.45%) in zones of good and very good category.

Uranium mineralisation associated with felsic volcanism at Mohar, Shivpuri district, Madhya Pradesh

Several small lensoidal bodies of felsic volcanics are exposed in a curvilinear pattern within the brecciated granitoids of Bundelkhand Gneissic Complex (BGC) at Mohar. Sub-surface data reveals extensive presence of these felsic volcanics below the sediment of Vindhyan Supergroup. It occurs like a sheet with thickness varying from 12 m to 134 m. Its lateral extent has been traced upto 4.8 km. Multiple flows of felsic magma are identified based on colour, granularity, cross cutting relations and cyclic distribution of multiple vesicular bands along the entire thickness of felsic magma. The felsic rock contains upto 13.21% K2O. Chemical composition of these felsic volcanics varies across the column. Petrographically and chemically all these felsic volcanics are identified as rhyolite or rhyolite tuff.

Peperite Occurrence and its Implications on Origin and Temporal Development of the Proterozoic Dhala Basin, Mohar Area, Shivpuri District, Madhya Pradesh

Abstract In the western part of Bundelkhand massif, a caldera with intra-caldera sediments, known as Dhala Formation, occurs as an outlier in and around Mohar village of Shivpuri district, Madhya Pradesh. For the first time, occurrence of peperite is being reported from the basal part of the Dhala sediment. Two types of peperites have been recognized: blocky and fluidal or globular with variable morphology. In peperitic zones, features like soft sediment deformations, presence of sediment into the rhyolite along cracks, vesiculation of the sediments and other evidences suggestive of sediment fluidization are some definite characteristics of interaction of hot magma with wet sediments forming peperite. The occurrence of peperites reflects the contemporaniety of deposition of the Dhala sediments and volcanism, which is well in accordance to the volcanic origin of Dhala structure. Further, the nature of unconformity between the Dhala and overlying Kaimur which is characterized by merely a few centimeter thick pebbly/conglomeratic bed does not appear to represent a large hiatus as expected between the Semri and Kaimur of Vindhyan Supergroup. So, the contemporaniety of the Dhala Formation (at least the lower part) as reflected by occurrence of peperites, coupled with the available age of the rhyolite and the nature of the unconformity between the Dhala and overlying Kaimur provide convincing evidence to correlate the Dhala Formation with the Lower part of the Kaimur and unlikely with the Semri Group or Bijawar as proposed earlier.

A latest study for toxicity of fluoride in Karera and Narwar blocks of Shivpuri district (M.P.)

If the fluoride (F -) concentration in the drinking water is over and above the permissible limits (1.5mg/l) then it leads to severe human health hazards like skeletal and dental fluorosis, affecting millions of people in the world. Many states of India have high concentration of fluoride in their water resources; Madhya Pradesh is one of them. In order to investigate the concentration of fluoride in potable water of Shivpuri district (M.P.), drinking water samples from 7 villages of Karera and Narwar block, (Shivpuri district, M.P.), were analyzed. The results revealed that the fluoride concentration was found to be 1.21 to 4.89 ppm, which is more than the permissible limit (1.5mg/l).It was found that 75% to 80%of the samples studied have more concentration than the permissible limit. The worst fluoride affected villages were Hatheda, Phulpur, Bichi, Baroda, Doni and Dahertasani. Most of the people in these villages suffer from dental and skeletal fluorosis.The source of fluoride in ground water of the study area is mainly from geological occurrence. The litho logical units of the study area consist of Achaean granite, genesis complex rocks, shale and Limestone. It is unfortunate that the people living in these villages are consuming the water easily accessible to them without knowing the ill effects of such consumption. Government is also playing an active role by installing defluoridation plants based on Nalgonda technique and carrying defluoridated water through pipelines from other unaffected villages. But all these efforts are seem to be unsatisfactory if the people of villages are not involved seriously .An urgent need is to educate the people on the causes of fluorosis and encouraging rain water harvesting.

Practical observations from an epidemiological investigation of a measles outbreak in a district of India

Background:Measles is a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality, accounting for nearly half of the morbidity associated with global vaccine preventable diseases. Regular outbreaks of Measles are reported in India, of which only a few are investigated. This study was conducted in the Shivpuri District of Madhya Pradesh (India) to investigate and asses various epidemiological factors associated with measles outbreak.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional study was carried out in 30 randomly selected sub-centers in 8 blocks of the Shivpuri District of Madhya Pradesh, covering 212 villages, selected by cluster sampling. The villages, which had reported measles cases, were extensively investigated by the field teams through extensive house-to-house surveys during 12-19 May 2004.Results:A total of 1204 cases with 14 deaths were reported with an attack rate of 6.2% and a case fatality rate of 1.2%. In this study, 17.7% of the cases reported post-measles complications with diarrhea as the most common post measles complication. The routine measles vaccine and Vitamin A supplementation in the area was also less than 30%.Conclusions:The majority of the cases had occurred in the unvaccinated children and in under 5 year old population. There are repeated outbreaks and a long delay in reporting of the cases. The occurrence of cases, in a reasonable proportion of the vaccinated population, points toward the fact that there is a possibility of a vaccine failure in older children. This study calls for an improved surveillance system, an improvement in the cold chain, and enhancements for measles vaccination if India is to achieve the goal of measles elimination.

A study of fluoride in ground water of Shivpuri block and Pichhore blocks, Shivpuri district, (M.P.)

ground water samples collected from different areas of Shivpuri &Pichhore block(M.P.)were analyzed for fluoride The maximum concentration of fluoride has been observed as 3.60 mg/L in the sample from Muhari (Pichhore)

Runaway Wives: Customary Divorce and Remarriage in Shivpuri District

Runaway Wives: Customary Divorce and Remarriage in Shivpuri District. Directed by Marius Holden. 2001. 40 minutes. Hindi with English subtitles. For distribution information contact Marius Holden, marius holden @yahoo.com