Shipyard Workers Research Articles

Oral history in geographischer Forschung: Emotionen und Verlust in Erfahrungsgeschichten ehemaliger Werftarbeiter:innen erforschen

Abstract. This article presents a spatially sensitive approach to the narratives of transformation processes, employing oral history to explore the connection between loss, emotions, and memory in the context of changing shipyard work in East Germany since 1989. The former place of work, the shipyard, serves as a central place where loss, emotions and memory condense. The method of oral history enables the subjective narration of past experiences and forms the basis for recording and analyzing narratives of experiences. Empirically, the article draws on oral history interviews with former shipyard workers to gain deeper insights into their memories, experiences and the emotional impact of the loss or impending loss of their jobs. This research contributes to understanding the social and emotional effects of transformation processes, emphasizing the importance of oral history in incorporating the subjective experiences of those affected in geographical research.

Obcokrajowcy w rosyjskiej flocie bałtyckiej w 1722 r. w świetle dokumentów brytyjskich

Even before the Great Northern War, Tsar Peter I began building the Russian Baltic Fleet, which played a very important military role in the second phase of that conflict in the aforementioned body of water. Before the conflict, Russia did not have a sufficient number of ships and educated officers, master shipbuilders, or skilled shipyard workers. As a result, foreigners were hired, who were in the vast majority of the Russian fleet at the time. They also received very high honoraria, as mentioned in the reports of British diplomats from Russia, which will be the source basis for this discussion. They did not overlook the training of their cardinals both at home and in other European countries. Ships, on the other hand, which formed the basis of the Baltic fleet, were most often purchased from England and the Netherlands. Based on the surviving documents of British diplomats, it is possible to reconstruct the state of the fleet and the composition of the foreigners serving in it, the number of fees they received, and the number of ships purchased abroad for the Russian Navy.

Pork barrel spending: The missing link between electoral clientelism and political budget cycles

Pork barrel spending used in the political budget cycles literature via a preference approach is identified as the link tying clientelism to political budget cycles. This paper looks at the supply and demand sides of electoral clientelism using the case study of shipyards in Croatia. The strategic, symbolic and everyday importance of the shipbuilding industry in Croatia is evident to the general public, but even more so to politicians. This paper examines the supply side – whether incumbents increase central budget funds (state guarantees) in election years (pork barrel spending) toward shipyards in Pula, Rijeka, Kraljevica, Trogir and Split – and the demand side – whether voters reward incumbents who engage in these pork barrelling practices. The theoretical foundations of the paper are based on the literature on clientelism, political budget cycles and the political economy of fiscal policy. Panel data analysis conducted on a sample of 5 shipyards over the 2001-2022 period confirms the existence of pork barrelling but does not confirm voters’ reactions to them. The empirical exercise identified the share of shipyard workers in the manufacturing industry at the county level as the main mechanism of electoral clientelism in Croatia.

Upper respiratory Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization among working-age adults with prevalent exposure to overcrowding.

Most pneumococcal disease occurs among infants and older adults and is thought to be driven by the transmission of Streptococcus pneumoniae from young children to these vulnerable age groups. However, pneumococcal disease outbreaks also affect non-elderly adults living or working in congregate, close-contact settings. Little is known about pneumococcal carriage in such populations. From July to November 2020, we collected saliva from low-income adult farmworkers in Monterey County, California, and tested for pneumococcal carriage following culture enrichment via quantitative PCR assays targeting the pneumococcal lytA and piaB genes. Participants were considered to carry pneumococci if lytA and piaB cycle threshold values were both below 40. Among 1,283 participants enrolled in our study, 117 (9.1%) carried pneumococci. Carriers tended more often than non-carriers to be exposed to children aged <5 years [odds ratio (OR) = 1.45 (0.95-2.20)] and overcrowding [OR = 1.48 (0.96-2.30) and 2.84 (1.20-6.73), respectively, for participants in households with >2-4 and >4 persons per bedroom vs ≤2 persons per bedroom]. Household overcrowding remained associated with increased risk of carriage among participants not exposed to children aged <5 years [OR = 2.05 (1.18-3.59) for participants living in households with >2 vs ≤2 persons per bedroom]. Exposure to children aged <5 years and overcrowding were each associated with increased pneumococcal density among carriers [piaB cT difference of 2.04 (0.36-3.73) and 2.44 (0.80-4.11), respectively]. While exposure to young children was a predictor of pneumococcal carriage, associations of overcrowding with increased prevalence and density of carriage in households without young children suggest that transmission also occurs among adults in close-contact settings.IMPORTANCEAlthough infants and older adults are the groups most commonly affected by pneumococcal disease, outbreaks are known to occur among healthy, working-age populations exposed to overcrowding, including miners, shipyard workers, military recruits, and prisoners. Carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae is the precursor to pneumococcal disease, and its relation to overcrowding in adult populations is poorly understood. We used molecular methods to characterize pneumococcal carriage in culture-enriched saliva samples from low-income adult farmworkers in Monterey County, CA. While exposure to children in the household was an important risk factor for pneumococcal carriage, living in an overcrowded household without young children was an independent predictor of carriage as well. Moreover, participants exposed to children or overcrowding carried pneumococci at higher density than those without such exposures, suggesting recent transmission. Our findings suggest that, in addition to transmission from young children, pneumococcal transmission may occur independently among adults in overcrowded settings.

PENGENALAN SOFTWARE MANAJEMEN PRODUKSI PEMBANGUNAN KAPAL IKAN TRADISIONAL PADA SERIKAT PEKERJA SEKAWAN GROUP DI LAMONGAN

Lamongan as one of the districts that produces the largest fish in East Java has population who work as fishermen as well as traditional fishing boat builders. Based on the results of a survey of the Sekawan Group workers union in Kandangsemangkon Village, Paciran District, Lamongan as a partner in this community service activity, one of the obstacles faced by traditional fishing shipyards is the duration of shipbuilding which is longer than the specified duration. This is due to the absence of definite plans and targets in the construction of ships, this has an impact on the delay in the completion time of ship construction. To overcome this problem, training on the introduction of Microsoft project software was given to traditional shipyard workers. Before and after the training the participants were given a pre-test and post-test. The scores from the pre-test and post-test were processed by t-test to see the difference in scores before and after training. Based on the results of the t test, it can be seen that there are differences in test scores before and after training. In addition, the average value after the training also increased compared to before the training. Keywords: Microsoft Project, Sekawan Group Workers Union, Traditional Fishing Boat.

Lung fibre burden and risk of malignant mesothelioma in shipyard workers: a necropsy-based case-control study.

In Italy, the highest pleural cancer mortality and incidence have been observed among Italian regions where the 2 largest Italian shipyards were (and are) located. The objective of this study was to assess the exposure-response relationship for mesothelioma among male workers employed in the Monfalcone, Italy, shipyard. We conducted a necropsy-based case-control study. Cases (N = 102) were mesothelioma decedents and controls were those with lung cancer (N = 84). Complete job histories were available; the lung fibre content was measured using a scanning electron microscope with X-ray fluorescence, after sample preparation according to the European Respiratory Society guidelines. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of mesothelioma by fibre type and lung fibre burden, as a categorical or continuous variable, were assessed by unconditional logistic regression, adjusted for age and time since exposure cessation. Analyses for the amphibole and chrysotile lung fibre burden were mutually adjusted. We calculated a cumulative exposure index by applying a job-exposure matrix to the job histories of study cases and assessed its correlation with the lung fibre burden. We found an odds ratio of 22.0 (confidence intervals 5.66-85.7) for the highest lung fibre burden category (mean 43.8 million total asbestos fibres per gram of dry tissue) compared with the reference (mean 0.48). Using log10-transformed lung fibre burden, we found that the odds ratio was 3.71 (confidence intervals 2.03-6.79) for a 10-fold lung fibre burden increase. Results for the amphibole lung fibre burden were similar. Odds ratios increased over chrysotile lung fibre burden categories (P-trend = 0.025), and the odds ratio for a 10-fold increase was 4.73 (confidence intervals 0.32-70.4). The cumulative exposure index was correlated with total and amphibole lung fibre burden, but not with chrysotile lung fibre burden. Mesothelioma risk was proportional to total, amphibole, and chrysotile lung fibre burden in shipyard workers.

Low Dose Radiation and Solid Tumors Mortality Risk.

US nuclear capable shipyard workers have increased potential for occupational radiation exposure. The aim of the study is to examine solid tumor mortality risks at low doses. 437,937 workers working from 1957 to 2004 at eight US shipyards were studied. Radiation workers with a median life-time dose at 0.82 mSv had a significantly lower solid tumor mortality risk (relative risk [RR]: 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.94-0.98) than nonradiation workers. Among 153,930 radiation workers, the RRs of solid tumors increased with increasing dose categories without statistical significance. The dose category >0-<25 mSv had significantly lower RR (0.95, 95% CI: 0.91-0.99) versus 0 dose and the excess relative risk was 0.05/100 mSv (95% CI: 0.01-0.08). Solid tumor risk might increase with radiation dose, but not linearly at low doses. Actual mortality risk may be dependent on dose received.

Effects of occupational exposure to metal fume PM2.5 on lung function and biomarkers among shipyard workers: a 3-year prospective cohort study

ObjectiveThis study investigates the associations of α1-antitrypsin, inter-α-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain (ITIH4), and 8-isoprostane with lung function in shipyard workers exposed to occupational metal fume fine particulate matter (PM2.5), which is known to be associated with adverse respiratory outcomes.MethodsA 3-year follow-up study was conducted on 180 shipyard workers with 262 measurements. Personal exposure to welding fume PM2.5 was collected for an 8-h working day. Pre-exposure, post-exposure, and delta (∆) levels of α1-antitrypsin, ITIH4, and 8-isoprostane were determined in urine using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Post-exposure urinary metals were sampled at the beginning of the next working day and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Lung function measurements were also conducted the next working day for post-exposure.ResultsAn IQR increase in PM2.5 was associated with decreases of 2.157% in FEV1, 2.806% in PEF, 4.328% in FEF25%, 5.047% in FEF50%, and 7.205% in FEF75%. An IQR increase in PM2.5 led to increases of 42.155 µg/g in ∆α1-antitrypsin and 16.273 µg/g in ∆ITIH4. Notably, IQR increases in various urinary metals were associated with increases in specific biomarkers, such as post-urinary α1-antitrypsin and ITIH4. Moreover, increases in ∆ α1-antitrypsin and ∆ITIH4 were associated with decreases in FEV1/FVC by 0.008% and 0.020%, respectively, and an increase in ∆8-isoprostane resulted in a 1.538% decline in FVC.ConclusionOur study suggests that urinary α1-antitrypsin and ITIH4 could indicate early lung function decline in shipyard workers exposed to metal fume PM2.5, underscoring the need for better safety and health monitoring to reduce respiratory risks.Graphical abstract

NMR Untargeted and HPLC-MS/MS Targeted Metabolomic Approaches for Evaluating Styrene Exposure in the Urine of Shipyard Workers.

Due to its chemical properties, styrene is largely employed in the manufacturing of several products including rubber, polymers and resins, and it is particularly suitable for shipbuilding industry purposes. In this context, the main exposure to styrene occurs in occupational settings. Despite its widespread use, its long-term effects on human health at the occupational level are still unclear. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate changes in styrene exposure biomarkers related to the metabolic and oxidative stress profiles in the urine of seventeen shipyard workers and seventeen non-exposed subjects. Urinary metabolites were assessed by means of NMR spectroscopy, including mandelic and phenylglyoxylic acids; four oxidative stress biomarkers, namely 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine, and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine and 3-nitrotyrosine, were evaluated via HPLC-MS/MS. The metabolic profiles of exposed workers showed both long- and short-term metabolic responses to styrene exposure compared to non-exposed subjects. From the comparison between non-exposed and before-shift workers, only 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine levels were significantly different (long term exposure response). At the same time, comparing the non-exposed group with after-shift workers, we observed lower levels of pseudouridine and 1-methylnicotinamide and higher glutamine levels in after-shift workers. The comparison between before-shift and after-shift workers showed that 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine significantly increased after the shift, suggesting its involvement in the exposure to styrene (short-term exposure response). The obtained results, although preliminary, allow us to lay the basis for further human studies aimed at establishing a global understanding of styrene metabolism.

The diagnosis of asbestosis in the 21st century: a clinicopathological correlation of 102 cases

ABSTRACT Asbestosis, defined as diffuse pulmonary fibrosis caused by inhalation of asbestos fibers, occurs after heavy exposures to asbestos dust over several decades. Because workplace exposures have been significantly curtailed since the banning of asbestos in insulation products, we were interested in examining the clinicopathological characteristics of cases diagnosed in the 21st century. The consultation files of one of the authors (VLR) were reviewed for cases of asbestosis diagnosed since 1/1/2001. 102 cases were identified, with a median age of 75 years (range: 45–89). There were 100 men and 2 women. The women were from Turkey and Brazil (none from the United States). Malignancies were present in 78 cases, including 38 lung cancers, 29 pleural mesotheliomas, and 8 peritoneal mesotheliomas. The grade of asbestosis was available in 88 cases (median severity of 2; scale: 1–4). Pleural plaque was present in 94% of cases. The most common exposure categories were insulators (39), shipyard workers (16), asbestos manufacturing (9), boiler workers (8) and pipefitter/welders (6). The median duration of exposure was 33 years (range: 2–49 years). Lung fiber burden analysis was performed in 34 cases, with amosite being the predominant fiber type. Results were compared with similar information for 475 cases diagnosed prior to 1/1/2001.

Gendered disciplinary apparatuses and carceral domesticities in Singapore’s labour-migration regime

It is widely acknowledged that Singapore’s labour-migration regime is unequal and bifurcated, with migrants that are categorised as foreign professionals afforded many more rights than those categorised as migrant workers. While migrant construction, process, and shipyard workers are expected to reside in dormitories or other shared accommodation, migrant domestic workers are mandated to live in their employers’ homes, where their gendered bodies are confined and disciplined. Based on ethnographic fieldwork, in this article I demonstrate that Singapore’s labour-migration regime is underpinned with a carceral logic that imposes bodily controls on domestic workers through policy, legal regulations, and practices which, I argue, constitute gendered disciplinary apparatuses. Moreover, by examining migrant domestic workers’ everyday experiences, I suggest that different dwelling spaces – namely, employers’ homes and shelters – can be conceptualised as carceral domesticities. Utilised by the state as carceral infrastructure, I show the ways in which these dwelling spaces become geographies of detainment and punishment, in/through which different actors become involved in disciplining intimacy, morality, and maintaining socio-racial order in the nation. Simultaneously, the carceral nature of the labour-migration regime produces forms of domesticity which relies on the containment of migrant workers.

Association between leptin and sleep quality of shipyard workers exposed to metal fume particulates

Association between leptin and sleep quality of shipyard workers exposed to metal fume particulates

Factors that cause Work Fatigue among Shipyard Workers

Highlights: 1. The focus of this study was on the underlying factors of fatigue among shipyard workers, an area that necessitatesfurther research to attain ideal standards in occupational health and safety.2. This study can provide companies with material to use when counseling workers on the importance of a healthynutritional intake in preventing fatigue. Abstract Work fatigue remains a prevalent issue among workers in shipyards, leading to detrimental effects on physical well-being, including a decline in body resistance and productivity. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between age, nutritional status, working period, physical workload, noise, and lighting with fatigue levels among hull construction workers. This observational study used a cross-sectional approach with a total population of 112 individuals working in the production line of the Warship Division of a shipbuilding company. The sample size in this study was determined using stratified random sampling, resulting in an assembly of 53 samples. Proportionate stratified random sampling was then employed to determine the sample size for each subgroup of the population. The research data were analyzed using the Spearman correlation test (p&lt;0.005). This study found a significant relationship between work fatigue and nutritional status (p=0.000), with a moderately positive relationship (r=0.511). Additionally, there was a significant relationship between work fatigue and physical workload (p=0.000), with a moderately positive relationship (r=0.531). Noise and work fatigue showed a significant relationship (p=0.010), with a weak positive relationship (r=0.353). Lighting and work fatigue showed a significant relationship as well (p=0.000), but with a moderately negative relationship (r=-0.524). On the other hand, work fatigue did not exhibit any significant relationship with age (p=0.129) or working period (p=0.651). This study establishes a relationship between work fatigue and numerous factors, including nutritional status, physical workload, noise, and lighting. However, age and working period are not related to work fatigue. Thus, it is recommended that companies align job requirements with employees' work capacity and conduct regular assessments of noise and lighting conditions to mitigate work-related fatigue.

Reaching into the Community to Interpret Labor History

Reaching into the Community to Interpret Labor History

Evaluation of Musculoskeletal System Problems in Shipyard Workers

Objective: In the research, it is aimed to evaluate the musculoskeletal system problems in shipyard employees. Method: The study is a cross-sectional study and was conducted in three shipyards in Kocaeli between October and December 2019. The survey form was used in the study. The study was conducted with 280 shipyard employees. Ethics committee approval of the study was obtained. Statistical significance level was taken as p&amp;lt; 0.05 in the analysis. Result: 31.1% of the participants are in the age group 30 and under, 30.7% are in the 31-40 age group; Their average age is 37.1 ± 10.5. It was found that 6.8% of the participants in the study had a chronic disease; 49.3% of them are still smoking; 14.3% of them uses alcohol; 14.3% of them exercise regularly. In the study, 22.1% of the shipyard workers had pain in their waist, 18.2% on their back, 17.9% on their neck, and 16.1% on their shoulders. It was determined that 7.9% of the participants used medication for low back pain and 4.6% for neck and knee pain. Conclusions: In the study, it was found that the most common pain was in the waist and then in the upper extremity musculoskeletal system. It is recommended to make working environments more ergonomic and to provide training on the posture positions of the employees during working.

Low-Dose Radiation Risks of Lymphohematopoietic Cancer Mortality in U.S. Shipyard Workers.

The linear, non-threshold (LNT) hypothesis of cancer induction derived from studies of populations exposed to moderate-to-high acute radiation doses may not be indicative of cancer risks associated with lifetime radiation exposures less than 100 mSv. The objective of this study was to examine risks and dose-response patterns of lymphohematopoietic cancer (LHC) and its types associated with low radiation exposure while adjusting for possible confounding factors. A retrospective cohort of 437,937 U.S. nuclear shipyard workers (153,930 radiation and 284,007 non-radiation workers) was followed from 1957 to 2011, with 3,699 LHC deaths observed. The risk of LHC in radiation workers was initially compared to the risk in non-radiation workers. Time dependent accumulated radiation dose, lagged 2 years, was used in categorical and continuous dose analysis among radiation workers to examine the LHC risks and possible dose-response relationships based on Poisson regression models. These analyses controlled for sex, race, time dependent age, calendar time, socioeconomic status, solvent-related last job, and age at first hire. The median lifetime radiation dose for the radiation worker population was 0.82 mSv and the 95th percentile dose was 83.63 mSv. The study shows: 1. LHC mortality for radiation workers was significantly lower than non-radiation workers relative risk: 0.927; 95% confidence intervals (95% CI): 0.865, 0.992; P = 0.030]. Among LHC types, the risks for lymphoid leukemia and lymphomas in radiation workers were lower than the risk in non-radiation workers with statistical significance, while the risk for the rest of LHC types did not show any statistically significant difference. 2. In categorical dose analysis among radiation workers, sample size weighted linear trend of relative risk (RRs) for LHC and its types in five dose categories (>0-<25, 25-<50, 50-<100, 100-<200, and > = 200 mSv) vs. 0 mSv were not statistically significant, although there was an elevation of RR for chronic myeloid leukemia only in the 50-<100 mSv category (RR: 2.746; 95% CI: 1.002, 7.521; P = 0.049) vs. 0 mSv. 3. The Poisson regression analyses among radiation workers using the time dependent radiation dose as a continuous variable showed an excess relative risk (ERR) for LHC at 100 mSv of 0.094 (95% CI: -0.037, 0.225; P = 0.158) and leukemia less chronic lymphoid leukemia, of 0.178 (95% CI: -0.085, 0.440; P = 0.440) vs. 0 mSv. The ERRs and their linear trend for all other types were not statistically significant.

Variant Enrichment Analysis to Explore Pathways Disruption in a Necropsy Series of Asbestos-Exposed Shipyard Workers.

The variant enrichment analysis (VEA), a recently developed bioinformatic workflow, has been shown to be a valuable tool for whole-exome sequencing data analysis, allowing finding differences between the number of genetic variants in a given pathway compared to a reference dataset. In a previous study, using VEA, we identified different pathway signatures associated with the development of pulmonary toxicities in mesothelioma patients treated with radical hemithoracic radiation therapy. Here, we used VEA to discover novel pathways altered in individuals exposed to asbestos who developed or not asbestos-related diseases (lung cancer or mesothelioma). A population-based autopsy study was designed in which asbestos exposure was evaluated and quantitated by investigating objective signs of exposure. We selected patients with similar exposure to asbestos. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues were used as a source of DNA and whole-exome sequencing analysis was performed, running VEA to identify potentially disrupted pathways in individuals who developed thoracic cancers induced by asbestos exposure. By using VEA analysis, we confirmed the involvement of pathways considered as the main culprits for asbestos-induced carcinogenesis: oxidative stress and chromosome instability. Furthermore, we identified protective genetic assets preserving genome stability and susceptibility assets predisposing to a worst outcome.

Pneumokokkenvaccinatie en lassers: als de rook om je hoofd is verdwenen

Pneumococcal vaccination and welders: when the smoke dissipates… Although pneumococcal disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, it is a rare disease in the working population. Since several decades, exposure to metal fumes is known to increase the risk of lobar pneumonia among an important occupational group, namely welders and metal workers. The theory is that metal fume alters the bacterial properties and/or the worker’s ability to withstand infection. The exact mechanisms are, however, still unclear. Outbreaks of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) caused by the siderophilic, gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae have been quite rare. However, several outbreaks have been reported at Finnish, French, Northern Irish, Norwegian, Singaporean and Swedish shipyards since 2015. Shipyard workers might have a higher risk of developing IPD mainly due to specific environmental factors present at shipyards. Preventive measures may include pneumococcal vaccination, improved ventilation, occupational hygiene measures, reinforcement of the proper use of respiratory protective equipment and anti-smoking campaigns. Therefore, targeted pneumococcal vaccination is recommended and should be offered to welders and potentially others with relevant occupational exposure to metal fumes (inorganic dusts) after the for an employer obligated risk assessment. This has been discussed in for example Norway, Sweden and the United Kingdom, but there is a need for increased international awareness of the occupational risk of severe pneumococcal disease.

Which Personal and Organizational Factors Influence the Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction of Shipyard Blue-Collar Workers?

Background: The purpose of this research was to analyze which personal and organizational factors are related to organizational commitment and job satisfaction of shipyard workers who work in different auxiliary shipyard military companies in the north of Spain. Methods: In total, 567 shipyard workers participated in this cross-sectional survey study. The ages were between 19 and 64 (M = 39.36, SD = 10.01), males 82.52%, females 17.48%. We used a survey that included questions about personal and organizational factors such as physical environment, occupational risks, and psychosocial risks, in addition to the job commitment and job satisfaction scales. Results: The results of this study show that job commitment is significantly related to a higher age, lower education, and environmental risk (low vs. high). Furthermore, job satisfaction (high vs. low) and organizational commitment (high vs. low) is related with environmental risk (low vs. high). Job commitment is also higher in workers with a low educational level and older workers. Job satisfaction is lower in workers with a high educational level. Conclusions: This study shows that different personal and environmental factors influence the shipyard workers’ organizational commitment and job satisfaction.

Updated Standardized Mortality Ratio Evaluation of Disease Risks of Shipyard Workers Exposed to Low Dose Ionizing Radiation.

To examine the risk of diseases among industrial workers with low and fractionated radiation exposures. The 372,047 US male shipyard radiation and non-radiation workers were followed for 54 years and compared with US men using standardized mortality ratio (SMR) method. SMRs for both radiation and non-radiation workers had lower risks of death from all causes (0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.74 to 0.75 and 0.77; 95% Cl 0.77 to 0.78, respectively) and from all cancers (0.92; 95% CI 0.91 to 0.93 and 0.90; 95% CI 0.89 to 0.91, respectively) compared with US men. Asbestos-related diseases including pleural cancers, mesothelioma, and asbestosis, but not lung cancers, were statistically higher in both radiation and non-radiation workers compared with the US men. US shipyard male radiation and non-radiation workers did not show any elevated mortality risks that might be associated with radiation exposure.