Ship Repair Research Articles

OPTIMAL FAULT DETECTION OF RIVER SHIP HULLS

The issue of determining the reliability of the hulls of inland and river-sea-going vessels after a known number of years of operation under given condition is considered. It is accepted that fault detection of a ship’s hull is a survey, measurement and evaluation of defects in each element of the ship’s hull in order to establish the methods and scope of repairs that ensure its reliable operation until the next regular survey under specified operating conditions. It is shown that the volume of residual thicknesses can be significantly reduced using the statistical data on wear rates presented in the Rules of the Russian River Register. At the same time, the reduction in the scope of measuring the parameters of defects retains the probability of detecting all defects of the hull elements to the level of 0.95, and the probability of failure-free operation of the hull until the next survey, after the elimination of the identified defects will be at least 0.95. A form of table for processing the values of the residual thicknesses of all elements in the inspection report and instructions for filling it out are given. Explanations for using the results of measurements and calculations at determining the technical condition of certain elements in the group and the ship’s hull as a whole are given. The last column of the table indicates the method of eliminating the defect of an element and groups of elements, and in the conclusion of the inspection report, the method of repair and its scope for the entire hull of the ship providing a suitable assessment of the condition after repair are indicated. The main advantage of this paper, in difference from the previous studies of the authors in this area, is that user-friendly (the designer of the defect report tables) nomograms, which allow you to reduce the number of measurements of the residual thicknesses of hull structure elements in the online mode, have been created. The performed study, allowing you to reduce the number of measurements while guaranteeing the reliable operation of the ship’s hull, will let the shipowner to reduce the cost of repair work by reducing the number of days of ship standing on the slipway (in the dock). In addition, the ship repair company will be able to free up its production facilities for the purpose of their subsequent loading with other ship repair or shipbuilding orders, which will increase the efficiency of their activities.

Hazards Identification and Risk Assessment In Welding Confined Space Ship Reparation PT. X With Job Safety Analysis Method

PT X is a docking and shipyard company with experience in repairing various types of ships. Dangers and risks are always exist in every job including ship repair. Therefore, it is necessary to identify hazards and risk assessments. Welding in a confined space includes work that is a source of danger that has the potential to threaten the lives of workers in the ship repair process because access to and exit is limited and is not made to be a continuous work place. The purpose of this study is to identify hazards and assess risks in PT X ship repair confined space welding. The method used in hazard identification and risk control is Job Safety Analysis (JSA) with direct field observations and calculation of likelihood, concequences, and risk values. score on risk assessment according to AS/NZS 4360:2004 and with expert judgment. The results of this study identified that there were 49 potential hazards, then a risk assessment was carried out and there were 36 risks at low risk levels and 13 risks at moderate risk levels. The recommendations given include: using PPE and suction blowers when working, not entering the tank before it is declared safe, taking safety briefings seriously and worker absenteeism, tidying up cables and placing them in a safe position, ensuring workers' hands are dry when in contact with electricity, paying attention to attitude working conditions and conditions around the work area to always be alert

Fiberglass Ship Repair Training on Abidon Island, Ayau Islands, Raja Ampat

Indonesia is rich in small islands that have not to explore, one of which is Abidon Island, located in the Ayau archipelago. Most of the Abidon people use small boats for fishing activities. There are two small shipbuilding materials, FRP (Fibre-reinforced plastic) or Fiberglass and wood-reinforced Polymer Composite Materials. Abidon Island has a lot of coral reefs, so many ships suffered ship damage in the hollow bottom hull. However, in the repair process, they experienced difficulties due to lack of knowledge of ship repair. Therefore, This activity provides training on fiberglass ship repair methods, namely the Casting and Hand Lay Up method. In Hand Lay Up method, the reinforcing materials used are Woven Roven 600 and Chopped Strand Mat 450, and for the Casting method, the resin-catalyst composition used is 99%-1%, respectively. The number and variation of layers obtained from the reference. The results obtained show a neat and solid.
 Abstrak
 Indonesia kaya akan pulau kecil, banyak sekali pulau kecil yang belum dieksplorasi salah satunya Pulau Abidon yang terletak di kepulauan Ayau. Masyarakat Abidon, sebagian besar memanfaatkan kapal kecil untuk melakukan aktifitas menangkap ikan. Terdapat dua bahan pembuat kapal kecil di wilayah tersebut, yakni FRP (Fibre-reinforced plastic) atau Material Komposit Polimer berpenguat Fiberglass dan kayu. Pulau Abidon dikelilingi terumbu karang, sehingga banyak kapal mengalami kerusakan kapal pada hull bawah berlubang. Akan tetapi dalam proses perbaikan, mengalami kesulitan karena minim pengetahuan perbaikan kapal. Oleh sebab itu, kegiatan ini memberikan pelatihan metode perbaikan kapal fiberglass yakni metode Casting dan Hand Lay Up. Dalam metode Hand Lay Up, bahan penguat yang digunakan yakni Woven Roven 600 dan Chopped Strand Mat 450 dan untuk metode Casting, komposisi resin-katalis yang digunakan masing-masing 99%-1%. Jumlah dan variasi lapisan didapat dari referensi. Hasil yang didapat memperlihatkan tambalan rapi dan kuat.

К вопросу изготовления цинковых электродов сравнения для морских судов и кораблей

The article highlights the urgent problem of corrosion protection monitoring of sea-going vessels and ships. Nowadays, the ship teams provide the control by measuring the potential of the ship hull using reference electrodes. There are given the results of monitoring the corrosion protection of the hull of the sea-going vessel PM-15 project No. 304/III. The control system is based on the results of measuring the potential of the ship hull. The measurements were taken using a standard silver chloride reference electrode (SCE) and two nonstandard electrodes made of galvanized steel. In manufacturing the non-standard reference electrodes there were taken into account the requests of the crews of sea-going vessels of the Kamchatka fleet. Testing the reference electrodes of galvanized steel proves that the results of measuring the potential of the ship hull can be classified as accurate measurements in accordance with GOST R 8.736-2011. The measuring results are quite stable according to GOST R 8.736-2011. It has been stated that the cost of CSE is several times higher than the cost of reference electrodes made of galvanized steel. The process of storing and transporting CSE is more labour-intensive compared to the galvanized steel reference electrodes. The galvanized steel reference electrodes provided for protecting the marine hulls from corrosion are recommended for use. It has been inferred that manufacture and application of non-standard reference electrodes on ships can be provided by ship repair crews. The study results can be used by the crews of sea-going vessels to control the protection 
 of ship hulls against corrosion.

Design/Engineering For Production (DEFP) and Shipyard: A Review on the Malaysian Technological Aspects and Practices

Design/Engineering for Production (DEFP) DEFP is viewed as a function and strategic resource of the shipyard. More importantly, the ability to strengthen DEFP would enable the shipbuilding industry to gain competitive advantage. This paper examines the role of Design/Engineering for Production (DEFP) as strategic decision in the shipbuilding industry. Incorporating evidence from reviews of relevant literature, this study demonstrates that there were abundant opportunities for DEFP, thus, proves that the role of DEFP was important. Moreover, the current approach focusing on transformation programs which emphasized on enhancement and effectiveness of planning and DEFP functions were justified. The company’s investment in this area of concerned eventually would bring up the competitiveness of the company. Indirectly, the effort would also be contributing to the continual growth of the local shipbuilding and ship repair industry.

KESELAMATAN DAN POTENSI KECELAKAAN KERJA PADA AKTIVITAS DI AREA DOCKING KAPAL PT PERIKANAN INDONESIA MUARA BARU

A shipyard is where ship construction, repair, and maintenance are carried out. Job incidents commonly happen because of human error and lack of security. A company should create a safe environment by reassuring their employees’ health and safety environment, the docking area of PT Perikanan Indonesia included. The purposes of this study are to identify the high-risk situation that can occur to the employers at the docking area. The analysis methods used are descriptive analysis and Job Safety Analysis (JSA). The results showed that many employees of the docking area lack awareness of job safety procedures. Fatal failure could occur during docking operations, and it is caused by the dock staff not being familiar with the safety equipment used on heights. It recommends wearing personal protective equipment and conducting technical and administering inspections to prevent many accidents during docking.
 Keywords: docking, job incidents, job safety, job safety analysis, shipyard

Analysis of Heavy Metal Concentrations of Lead (Pb) in Fishermen in Junganyar Village Based on Length of Work Using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer Method

Heavy metals are natural components that cannot be destroyed. Lead (Pb) in the oceans comes from activities from ship repair, mining activities, shipbuilding, land and sea transportation activities, to household and urban waste. This study was conducted to determine the levels of lead (Pb) in urine and their relationship to the working period of fishermen. This study used an experimental type of research with 16 urine samples and was carried out in June-July 2022 at the Chemistry Laboratory of the Technology Study Program, the Medical Laboratory of the University of Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo and the FMIPA Laboratory of UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. Examination using SSA measurement. The data analysis method used the Pearson and Spearman correlation statistical test. Pearson correlation test obtained a correlation coefficient value of lead (Pb) of 0.208 (positive value for the category of very weak correlation) with a significance of 0.439, so it can be concluded that there is no relationship between heavy metals lead (Pb) in urine with fisherman's tenure.

Analysis of Heavy Metal Concentrations of Lead (Pb) in Fishermen in Junganyar Village Based on Length of Work Using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer Method

Heavy metals are natural components that cannot be destroyed. Lead (Pb) in the oceans comes from activities from ship repair, mining activities, shipbuilding, land and sea transportation activities, to household and urban waste. This study was conducted to determine the levels of lead (Pb) in urine and their relationship to the working period of fishermen. This study used an experimental type of research with 16 urine samples and was carried out in June-July 2022 at the Chemistry Laboratory of the Technology Study Program, the Medical Laboratory of the University of Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo and the FMIPA Laboratory of UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. Examination using SSA measurement. The data analysis method used the Pearson and Spearman correlation statistical test. Pearson correlation test obtained a correlation coefficient value of lead (Pb) of 0.208 (positive value for the category of very weak correlation) with a significance of 0.439, so it can be concluded that there is no relationship between heavy metals lead (Pb) in urine with fisherman's tenure.

The U.S. shipbuilding and repair industry’s considerations of coastal hazards resilience - a baseline survey

ABSTRACT Climate change and associated coastal hazards can disrupt the United States shipbuilding and repair industry’s operations. These disruptions present risks to military and commercial ship orders, ship maintenance and repairs, and the nation’s overall shipbuilding strength. Through an online survey of representatives from 45 shipbuilding parent companies, individual shipyards, and ship repair and maintenance facilities, this research gauges how the industry considers coastal hazard resilience and addresses the possible impacts on shipbuilding and repair contracts and deliverables. Survey results suggest that the industry is ill-prepared for future coastal hazard events and that critical measures are needed to ensure a resilient shipbuilding and repair environment.

ANALYSIS OF THE FACTORS AFFECTING THE COST OF SHIP REPAIRS IN THE ISLAND OF JAVA AND KALIMANTAN

The national shipbuilding industry is primarily responsible for maintaining and repairing ships at ship repair facilities to ensure their seaworthiness. Each shipyard offers variable pricing for ship repair, mainly if the work is performed on different islands, in Java and outside of Java. By understanding the differences in ship repair costs between shipyards in Java and those outside of Java and the factors that influence these discrepancies, a ship owner can choose a repair shipyard for docking his vessel. Ship repair data were collected from shipyards in Java and Kalimantan, with data collection and direct surveys conducted at three Industries which are located in the island of Java, and three industries in Kalimantan Island, it is processed to determine the difference between the average cost of ship repairs at shipyards in Java Island and Kalimantan Island, revealing that the cost of repairing ships at shipyards in Java Island is higher than the cost of repairs at shipyards on Kalimantan Island. However, there are also increased costs associated with ship maintenance activities in shipyards in the island of Kalimantan. After processing the difference data, the identification of the factors that cause the difference in repair costs forms, and the identification results indicate that the difference in ship repair costs at the shipyards in Java and Kalimantan is influenced by differences in service costs, productivity figures, geographical location of the shipyards, supply chains. materials, as well as the completeness, quality, and capacity of repair support facilities at the shipyards.

Comparative Analysis of CPM, PDM and PERT Methods in Ship Repair Scheduling Planning KN. RB 309 Ternate 01

A ship that is still carrying out sailing activities must always be in a state that is in accordance with the classification and statutory. Maintenance or repair is needed for the ship in order to stay in good condition and fit to sail. In a ship repair project, there are several important aspects that need to be considered in order to complete project activities quickly and precisely. PT. XYZ has carried out ship repair activities, but the repair activities have been delayed due to weather factors, and the late procurement of spare parts. This research was conducted by analyzing the three models of scheduling fiberglass ship repair projects using Microsoft excel and using the CPM (Critical Path Method), PDM (Precedence Diagram Method) and PERT (Project Evaluation and Review Technique) methods. Results from the CPM method on 48-day A scheduling, 33-day B scheduling, and 21-day C scheduling. Pdm method results scheduling A 48 days, scheduling B 33 days, and scheduling C 21 days. In the PERT method the project can be completed in 48 days which is 48.67%, scheduling B 34 days 5 hours 21 minutes with the possibility of a KN ship repair project. RB 309 Ternate 01 can be completed in 48 days i.e. 99.35% and scheduling C 22 days 5 hours 21 minutes with the possibility of a KN ship repair project. RB 309 Ternate 01 can be completed in 48 days which is 99.99%.

Петербургский международный экономический форум (ПМЭФ-2022) и его арктическая повестка

The article summarizes the results of the 25th St. Petersburg International Economic Forum (SPIEF-2022), which was held in St. Petersburg from June 15 to 18, 2022. As a participant of the forum, the author focuses on the analysis of Arctic issues, which were considered at the last event. They include current problems in the Arctic Council's activities, issues of the development of the Northern Sea Route, ship-building and ship repair in the Arctic, ensuring security in the region by the forces and means of the Russian EMERCOM, the state and prospects of building the international Arctic station Snezhinka, and problems of education and personnel training. Particular attention is paid to increasing the role of science, scientific and educational centers in making strategic decisions on the development of the economy, social and spiritual spheres of the Arctic territories. It is noted that, for the first time, heads of Arctic regions of the Russian Federation successfully presented investment projects in their regions at the Forum.

Occupational Health and Safety Analysis Using HIRA and AS/NZS 4360:2004 Standard at XYZ Shipyard

A shipyard is defined as a place where ships are repaired and built. Where, various risks from the work process i.e., ship repair, hull cleaning, hull coating, etc., exist. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out risk analysis in the work process at XYZ Shipyard. This study uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach through interviews and based on hazard identification and risk assessment (HIRA) using the AS/NZS 4360:2004 standard to calculate the risk value. Occupational health and safety assessments are carried out to evaluate risks that exist in the workplace intending to eliminate, reduce, and replace sources of risk with safer equipment or processes, or to reduce risks to the health and safety of workers. In this study, we are focused on the three working processes i.e., ship repairment process, hull cleaning, and coating. As a result, it can be concluded that all the risks which occurred in the work process at XYZ Shipyard i.e., ship repair, hull cleaning, and coating process were controlled.

Tersanelerdeki İş Kazası Nedenlerinin Önem Düzeylerine Göre Belirlenmesi

Since approximately 75% of the world's surface is covered with seas and it is economical, the majority of the cargoes subject to international trade are transported by sea. This situation increases the importance of the construction, maintenance and repair of ships, which are transportation vehicles, and therefore the importance of shipyards. Shipyards have important contributions in terms of ensuring the continuity of the maritime transportation system, providing production, employment, foreign exchange income and meeting the defense needs. In addition to these, shipyards are industrial areas where occupational accidents occur frequently, as they contain many business lines. In this context, it is aimed to determine the causes of occupational accidents in shipyards according to their importance levels. The four main criteria that caused the accident by literature review; Alternatives such as "personal factors, material/equipment-related factors, environmental factors, administrative factors" and 19 sub-criteria related to these, such as "organization, ensuring the suitability of the working environment, training and human-machine harmony" have been determined for the prevention of accidents. In order to compare the main criteria and sub-criteria with each other, a questionnaire was prepared using the comparison values of 1-9 and the importance level of the causes of the accident was tried to be determined according to the evaluation of the experts working in the shipyard. The analyzes were made using the Super Decisions v2.1 program, which operates with the AHP method, one of the multi-criteria decision-making methods, depending on the survey evaluations. In the evaluation among the main criteria, "personal factors" came to the forefront as the most important cause of accident. Among the sub-criteria of the personal factor criterion, "psychological/mental problems" came to the fore as the most important cause of accident. In addition, among the alternatives determined for the prevention of accidents, "organization" has resulted as the most important of the measures to be taken.

DIGITAL PLATFORM ENABLING ROBOTIC SURVEY, REPAIR & AGILE MANUFACTURING OF SHIPS AND WATERCRAFT

A recent development in Friction Stir Welding (FSW) processes allow welding of steels underwater, as a result, there is a possibility to incorporate this technology to perform in-situ repair and maintenance of ships in water. The FSW requires process parameters which are chosen and monitored by experts during welding. Having such expertise on board can enhance the operation costs of the ship and make the technology expensive to adopt by small-sized European shipping industry. In this work we propose a Digital Platform (DP) that allows experts to monitor the FSW parameters and condition indicators remotely in the form of real-time visualisations. This approach potentially reduces the labour cost as the man hour of the expert can only use during the welding process. The real-time data is also stored in a central data lake which allow users to perform further analysis and determine the overall integrity of the weld.

A TECHNOLOGY FOR PRODUCING THE SMALL VESSEL HULL BY THE ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING METHODS

The issues of the technological complex for manufacturing the hull of a small vessel obtained using additive manufacturing methods are considered in the paper. The purpose of the work is to study the emerging problems, issues, patterns, rules and norms of the process of 3D-printing the hull of a small vessel. The objectives of the paper include presentation of previously obtained calculated and experimental results for printing and assembling the ship hull; development of a method for assembling a hull using additive technology; comparative analysis of the labor intensity of manufacturing ship hulls using traditional and additive technologies; studying the issues of the slipway period of building the hull after completing printing work. The main methods for solving problems include well-known fundamentals in the technology of shipbuilding, ship repair, optimization of ships, technical and economic analysis, materials science, etc.; information about the production of marine equipment objects by additive manufacturing from filaments; the results of our own calculations and experiments for the production of a small vessel hull using additive technologies; well-known industry regulations and standards for working with fiberglass in shipbuilding. The technique of printing and assembling the hull of a small vessel, the necessary preliminary computational-analytical and experimental studies for redesigning the hull structure for additive manufacturing, the problems arising during and after printing and assembling the hull, and the analysis of the labor intensity of manufacturing the hull using additive and traditional technologies are considered. It has been found that not all types of small vessels will have advantages in terms of labor intensity in their additive manufacturing; it is possible to use incremental production. With the right organization of production management, additive technologies will have an advantage in terms of the laboriousness of the technological process in the production of hulls of kayak-type ships, and similar structures in terms of geometry and weight, with individual piece production.

A Preliminary Web-Based Intermediary Application Design For Ship Repair Planning Services

According to data from the 2019 Ministry of Transportation Statistics Book, the number of national shipping fleets or ships in the country from 2015-2019 has doubled. However, from the potential of the current operating fleet, it shows that more than 75% of the fleet are over 20 years old. With such conditions, it is necessary to plan for ship maintenance and repairs to be as good as possible and to spend as little time as possible. This research aims to design a web-based intermediary application for ship repair planning services that can be accessed by using a website browser. The initial stage is to observe the condition of ship repair and planning from shipyard and shipowner perspectives through the literature and field study. From the result of the observation, then analyze what problems occur in the field and then arrange what functions or features are needed to be included in the design of the application to be able to solve these problems. Application design is done by making mock-ups, designing interfaces, creating databases and coding of the application system. After that, the application is tested and verified to find out that the application can run as intended and know the strengths and weaknesses of the application. The features in this application are designed to intermediary shipyard and shipowner in the ship repair planning process. The result of this preliminary web-based application design is by using this application, ship owners can search for docking space in available shipyards according to the schedule and place desired by the shipowner. In addition, by using this application, the shipowner can find out when the ship’s certificate expires so that they can prepare a schedule for conducting a survey. Then, both the shipyard and the shipowner can use this application to monitor and report on the progress of ship repair work.

УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ПОРТФЕЛЕМ ПРОЕКТОВ – ИННОВАЦИОННЫЙ ПОДХОД К ПОВЫШЕНИЮ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ СУДОСТРОИТЕЛЬНОЙ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТИ

The article contains generalized data on the typology, principles, role and advantages of implementing a project portfolio manage-ment system in the activities of enterprises in the shipbuilding industry of the Russian Federation. The current state of the produc-tion capacities of domestic shipyards, along with modern global trends in innovation and digitalization of the industry, require ship-building and ship repair enterprises to simul-taneously conduct several diverse projects that improve the distribution of limited re-sources between competing projects, max-imize benefits and ensure that ongoing pro-jects comply with the strategic goals of the company. As an effective approach to im-proving the quality of planning and invest-ment efficiency of shipbuilding enterprises, the paper considers the introduction of a project portfolio management system. Within the framework of the article, the systematization of the concepts of project management was made, the stages of the process and the mechanism for managing the project portfolio were identified.

Operational Performance of Fish Landing Base (PPI) Lappa Sinjai Regency

This study aims to analyze the level of operational perfomance the fishing port clas PPI Lappa of Sinjai Regency. The research method used in a case study with the aspects studied include the provision of facilities used in PPI Lappa operational activities. Data were analyzed descriptively using the scoring method and operational performance appraisal table. The performance assessment is obtained by comparing the current condition of PPI Lappa with the provisions in the regulations stipulated of The Ministry of Maratime Affairs and Fisheries No. PER.08/MEN/2012 concerning fishing ports and the decision of the Director General of Capture Fisheries No.432/DPT3/0T.220.D3/I/2008 regarding guidelines for evaluating the performance of fishing port technical implementing units. The results of the study show that the performance of coconut PPI Lappa is 63,6 % or good performance status. Each parameter has a high percentage of weight and value success, includes the number of produnction 960,05%, ship visting frequensy 73,3%, ice service 458,10 %, fuel service ships 175,40%, clean water service 22,05% and the availability of port fasilities such as administration office, national marketing, marketing facilities, canteen, and mosque. The facilities available but not functioning are the guard post. Facilities that are not available, such as industrial facilities, processing facilities, ship repair facilities, supply facilities for engine parts and polyclinics.

Minimizing Work Accidents in the Shipyarding Industry Using JSA and HAZOP Methods

PT. Cahaya Baru Shipyard is a company engaged in ship repair. Activities in shipyards have various risks, one of which is work accidents. The research aims to determine the risk of work accidents from shipbuilding activities, risk control and suggestions for improvement. This study identifies risks using the Job Safety Analysis (JSA) method and assisted by the Hazard And Operability Study (HAZOP) method to control potential hazards and recommendations for new safety systems to minimize work accidents. The research method used is qualitative. The results of the study show that most work accidents occur in welding and cutting activities with a percentage of 23.3%. Providing personal protective equipment and workers reminding each other to use safety equipment and to remain careful in doing their work, implementing standard operating procedures (SOPs) and existing work instructions can be a way that can be done to minimize work accidents.