Ship Repair Research Articles

Undersea cable security in the Indo‐Pacific: Enhancing the Quad’s collaborative approach

Undersea communication cables carry the bulk of global communications, intelligence, and financial transactions daily. They are increasingly threatened, and Australia, Japan, India, and the US have begun coordinating cable security activities in the Indo-Pacific as the Quad. This article investigates the Quad’s role in undersea cable communication security, and analyzes its motivations, strengths, and the challenges it faces thereby illuminating the Quad’s evolving position in international security and its role in global governance. In doing so, it evaluates the Quad’s significance in addressing emerging security threats in the Indo-Pacific, attempts to fill critical gaps in policy formulation, and contributes to theories of informality and global governance. It begins by outlining threats to undersea communication cables. Second, it details the Quad Partnership for Cable Connectivity and Resilience within the context of an informal intergovernmental organization literature. Third, it provides recommendations for policy formulation in undersea cable security and explores the Quad's potential for improving connectivity, resilience, and security. Finally, the article emphasizes the need to tailor policies to India’s unique position within the Quad and explores proactive measures like floating Quad-supported cable repair ships. These recommendations offer insights for policymakers to bolster global communication infrastructure, resilience, and provide public goods amidst multipolarity and great power rivalry.

Solving problems of volume scheduling for shipbuilding enterprises in conditions of limited resources

The shipbuilding industry development strategy for the period up to 2035 and beyond is aimed at creating a new competitive shipbuilding industry based on the development of scientific, technical and personnel potential, optimization of production capacities, their modernization and technical re-equipment [1]. The paper is devoted to solving problems of volume-calendar production planning for shipbuilding enterprises when coordinating the production capacity of the enterprise with the resource needs to fulfill obligations determined by the generated order portfolio. Shipbuilding and ship repair enterprises are typical representatives of enterprises with single and small-scale production and a long production cycle of the main products [2-4]. The problem is solved at the stage of forming a portfolio of orders, which is based on the limited volumes of resources available to the production system. It is required to determine the amount of missing resources by calendar periods that are necessary for the effective functioning of the production system. Non-stored resources such as labor resources, equipment operating time, are usually taken into account when solving the problems of volumetric or volume-scheduling planning. Such resources being unused in a certain planning cycle cannot be used in subsequent cycles. The procedure for finding missing volumes of resources is formulated as the problem of reducing an incompatible system of linear two-sided algebraic inequalities to a compatible one. To do this, it is proposed to “expand” the initial parameters of the system, taking into account the costs of expansion, so that the system becomes compatible. In the general case, formally, the problem under consideration is close to the problem of finding a Chebyshev point [5] for an incompatible system of linear algebraic equations, i.e. a point that is geometrically the least deviating from all hyperplanes formed by the system constraints. The paper proposes statements and solutions of volume-scheduling problems for the case when the structure of the problem constraints is modeled by a root-oriented weighted tree. This hierarchical structure is typical for shipbuilding enterprises [6].

Optimization of Daily Warehouse Storage PT. XYZ with Shared Storage Method

PT XYZ is a company engaged in ship repair and maintenance services and port management services. The problems faced by PT XYZ in carrying out its business lines are related to the effective and efficient operational managerial activities of raw material warehousing. Problem solving steps are carried out by testing data processing and analysis using the shared storage method as a solution step related to the problem of warehousing layout and optimization. Problem solving with the shared storage method is a method of reconditioning the warehousing layout with the principle of First in First out or fast moving where the layout of goods is classified based on the order of the flow of goods movement according to the operational needs of PT XYZ activities. Based on the calculation results, if the company applies the proposed layout, there is an average distance savings of 4 m2. The layout of the placement of raw materials based on the proposed improvements has a more organized condition and facilitates the flow of goods movement as well as inputting the flow of goods in and out which can be more efficient if the goods are organized and inputted administratively, this also affects the quality of goods.

Improving the efficiency of repair and strengthening of the diesel exhaust system by using a highly common high-temperature synthesis of alloys

In accordance with the requirements of the Ukraine strategy of eco- nomic development and coverage of processes economic approaches to the transfor- mation of the national economy in various industries, we present a separate methodology in the field of restoration and repair of marine vehicles. The main direction of improving shipbuilding production is to reduce the duration, improve the quality and reduce the cost of ship repair. Such factors influencing production and repair as material supply and energy consumption can be reduced by 10-20 percent if we apply the latest technological implementations that are already developed and improved in the research of both Ukrainian and foreign scientists.

Ways to improve the economic activity of a ship repair company based on the results of an analysis of the financial condition

Ways to improve the economic activity of a ship repair company based on the results of an analysis of the financial condition

ТЕНДЕНЦИИ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ РЫБОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОГО КОМПЛЕКСА КАМЧАТСКОГО КРАЯ

The trends and prospects for the development of the fishery complex (FHC) of the Kamchatka Territory are explored through the prism of analyzing program documents at the federal and regional levels. The main focus of development is aimed at creating a high-tech fishing cluster, modernizing fish processing enterprises, updating the fleet and developing maritime logistics. Special attention is paid to the integration of ports into the cargo turnover of the Northern Sea Route (NSR) and the creation of a competitive ship repair complex. Social aspects include improving the region's personnel self-sufficiency and creating social facilities. Environmental initiatives such as recycling fish waste and creating protected areas are particularly considered. The article presents conclusions about the strengths and weaknesses of each program document.

The repair of navy ships in Cartagena de Indies in the mid seventeenth century: The case of the Santiago and her loss in the Caribbean

The Santiago was a galleon of the Armada de la Guarda de las Indias that travelled in convoy with the Tierra Firme fleet in 1658 and was lost in Chinchorro Bank, Mexico, during her returning voyage to Spain. The study of her last repairs carried out in Cartagena de Indias brings the opportunity to understand the infrastructure of the port and its capabilities to face one of the main problems of the Carrera de Indias: the harsh conditions of the transatlantic voyage and the structural deficiencies of some of the Armada ships to accomplish their objectives of defence. Based on historical sources in Spanish and Mexican archives, the authors reconstruct the Santiago’s final repairs in that port, the resources available, and the level of reliance on local society to obtain the materials and labour force needed. This research will help to advance the archaeological identification of her remains among the shipwrecks registered in Chinchorro.

Tata Kelola Galangan Kapal Kayu di Desa Bahari I, Kecamatan Sampolawa Kabupaten Buton Selatan

The wooden shipyard in Bahari Village is a privately-owned facility that conducts maintenance, repair, and construction of new wooden ships. The vessels serviced at this shipyard range from 10 GT to 25 GT and are made from wood. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the management of the wooden shipyard in Bahari I Village, Sampolawa District, South Buton Regency. The methodology used is a survey method, and the data is analyzed using fishbone analysis followed by a descriptive approach. The results of this study indicate that the construction and repair processes of wooden ships in Bahari I Village are not efficient due to facilities that do not meet standards, with only 22% of the necessary conditions being fulfilled. The management of this wooden shipyard is still far from adequate because several aspects remain uncontrolled, such as the shipbuilding process not meeting expected targets, delays in the availability and delivery of raw materials, and the use of very basic tools and outdated technology.

LOGISTICS OF MATERIAL FLOWS IN SHIP REPAIR PRODUCTION PROJECTS

A logistics system is a complexly organised, integrated economic system consisting of interconnected links in a single process of managing material and related flows. Project management in logistics systems uses the application of project management methods and models in the process of designing logistics systems and managing changes in them, as well as solving the problems of managing resource flows in logistics systems. The design, creation and management of logistics systems is accompanied by their presentation as an integral set of elements in certain relationships and connections between them. The logistics system should meet the goals of their design and management. The article outlines elements of the mechanism of logistics management of material costs of ship repair production. Efficient use of the company's resources is possible through the systematic development of a system of organisational and technical measures to reduce costs. All cost-cutting measures are closely interrelated and comprehensive, reflecting the relationship of each of them with the entirety of ship repair production elements. The paper substantiates the production features of a ship repair enterprise and analyses the factors that determine the level of costs. It identifies types of ship repair works and stages of preparation of vessels for repair, which makes it possible to plan costs for formation of the production programme. This text presents the production structure of a ship repair enterprise and discusses the peculiarities of product costing. Ship repair companies use planned, indicative, estimated (technical) and reporting costings. This makes it possible to develop a mechanism for managing the costs of ship repair projects and the production process of a ship repair company.

On the role of training specialists in the medical and preventive profile for the bodies and institutions of Rospotrebnadzor of the Far Eastern Federal District on the basis of a unified educational, scientific and industrial complex

The article presents the experience of training specialists in the medical and preventive profile for the bodies and institutions of Rospotrebnadzor of the Far Eastern Federal District on the basis of a single educational, scientific and industrial complex, the successful operation of which occurred in the period 1992–2004. A number of government agencies and organizations, universities, research institutes of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences were involved in the work and participation in the complex. Based on the results of joint work, scientific and practical works were published, Health programs were developed for the territories of the Far Eastern region and individual enterprises of the leading branches of the military-industrial complex, shipbuilding, ship repair, instrumentation, light industry, construction industry, chemical industry, transport. All published documents and programs had practical significance, were implemented, and gave invaluable results in improving the health indicators of working contingents.

Analysis Of Ship Main Engine Procurement Process In The Shipyard Industry Using Supply Chain Operation Reference Method (SCOR) (Case Study: PT XYZ)

As a sector playing a crucial role in ship construction and repair, the shipbuilding industry faces significant challenges in material procurement, where materials constitute 50-70% of the total project cost. One of the materials requiring paramount attention is the ship's main engine. Effective supply chain management is critical to enhancing efficiency and effectiveness in the procurement process of ship engines. However, supply chain performance measurement research, especially in ship engine procurement, still needs to be improved. Therefore, this study aims to identify relevant performance metrics, analyze critical performance indicators, and provide recommendations based on the SCOR (Supply et al.) framework to improve ship engine procurement. The research results present 24 metrics distributed into four performance attributes based on SCOR 12.0, with 22 selected metrics aligned with the company's context. Analysis using the AHP method indicates that the reliability attribute has the highest weight (0.296), with the metric "Percentage of procurement received on time as per request" being the top priority (weight 0.143). This study provides a holistic view of crucial aspects of the ship engine procurement supply chain, supporting companies in enhancing their performance in the procurement process.

항만연관산업 경쟁력 강화 방안에 관한 연구

Purpose: By analyzing the efficiency, growth, stability, and profitability of domestic portrelated industry through financial data, this study identifies problems and suggests strategies for development plans to improve competitiveness. Research design, data, and methodology: In order to derive the efficiency of each domestic port-related industry, an analysis was conducted based on corporate data from Korea Evaluation Data. The efficiency, growth potential, stability, and profitability of the top 50 companies (based on sales) in port-related industries from 2017 to 2021 were analyzed. For the efficiency analysis, total assets, liabilities, and capital were selected as input variables, and sales, operating profit, and net profit were selected as output variables. Growth, stability, and profitability were analyzed based on total asset growth, debt ratio, and operating profit ratio compared to the previous year. Results: The results of the efficiency analysis showed that port service was the highest. In the growth analysis, four port-related industries (excluding port service) showed negative growth in 2020 due to the aftermath of COVID-19. The results of the stability analysis showed that ship fuel supplies had the highest debt ratio and the lowest stability. Profitability analysis showed that ship repair was the most profitable with the highest operating profit ratio. Conclusions: Domestic port-related industries also need to change in line with the global trends of shipping and ports, such as digitalization, eco-friendliness, and automation. Due to the nature of the small port-related industry, strategic support policies from the government and local governments are needed.

Метод оценки факторов, влияющих на вибрацию судового дизеля, вызванную работой цилиндропоршневой группы

The efficiency of the use of the marine fleet is associated with a reduction in the cost of transportation, the need for which is steadily increasing. A significant share of the total transportation costs is occupied by the costs associated with the operation of ships, therefore, reducing these costs is a reserve for reducing the cost of maritime transportation. The problem of increasing the efficiency of the operation of marine vessels is closely related not only to reducing the cost of it, but also to reducing the time for maintenance and repair of ships. The existing system of scheduled preventive maintenance and repair provides for the maintenance and restoration of the normal technical condition of the vessel and its elements with a pre-planned frequency. The transfer of ships to work with extended repair periods is possible only when solving a whole range of engineering and technical measures and scientific research aimed at improving the quality of repairs, the level of technical operation, improving logistics, etc. An essential role in this is played by the use of modern methods and means to determine the technical condition of shipboard devices and mechanisms, primarily engines of shipboard power plants (SEUs), without disassembling them. High vibration loads of SEU parts lead to fatigue stresses, accelerate wear of the contacting surfaces, reducing the reliability and service life of marine diesel engines, therefore monitoring of their vibration activity is important, especially during operation. The safe operation of ships of the transport fleet largely depends on the reliability of marine diesel engines. Technical means of monitoring their operability in the process of work are currently insufficiently effective and need to be improved. It is relevant not only to develop new, more advanced and mobile hardware and software, but also to search for new scientific and methodological approaches to using the information contained in the spectrum of vibration parameters. Marine diesel internal combustion engines are complex systems that involve many variable parameters. The study of such engines requires the use of methods that can be used to systematically investigate the influence of various factors on their operation, in particular, random experimental schemes are used, since they provide systematic control over variable parameters and maximize the accuracy of estimates. The results of the application of the method of ranking the factors influencing the vibration of a marine diesel engine are presented in order to establish the most significant of them. A mathematical model is presented that allows calculating current values and predicting changes in the most significant indicators, among which the most important is the size of the gap between the piston and the cylinder sleeve.

Reliability of river fleet vessels hull elements

Improving the process of fault detection of metal ship hull elements by using a probabilistic approach is considered in the paper. The most labor-intensive part of the defect detection report, namely, measurement and assessment of hull structures individual elements wear, accounting for more than 90 % of the total measurements, is reviewed. Defect detection of a ship hull means the examination, measurement and assessment of defects in each element of the ship hull in order to establish method and volumes of repairs that ensure its reliable operation until the next survey under specified operating conditions. The necessity of carrying out a preliminary calculation stage for defect detection is substantiated. It allows you to significantly reduce the number of measurements of hull structures elements, which will have a positive effect on reducing the cost of repair both due to a smaller number of measurements and the duration of repairs. It has been proved that using the probability approach to predict the residual thickness of individual elements also takes into account the effect on the total strength, which guarantees the reliability of the ship hull in operation. Tables to assess the technical condition of individual hull elements based on their level of wear have been developed, and a method for filling them has improved. The tables are made in two versions, namely, paper and electronic, the most convenient for a specific user — the designer of the defect detection report tables. A test example of using the electronic tables for assessing technical condition by wear level, which proves that the predicted residual thicknesses obtained by calculation will in all cases, be less, than similar ones obtained from measurements results, is carried out using a representative vessel. This proves the reliability and feasibility of using the preliminary defect detection stage, which is essentially an analogue of the concept of the zero stage in ship repair. Using the probability approach to determine the residual thicknesses will allow you not only to reduce the costs of defect detection of the hull itself, but also at early stages (before placing the ship on a slip or dock) to reduce the volume of hull structures repairs, and to choose the most appropriate and effective method of repair.

ANALYSIS OF MAN-HOUR REQUIREMENTS AND SCHEDULING FOR FLOATING DOCK REPAIRS

A floating dock (FD) is a platform for ship construction and repair. Structural damages to a FD can significantly reduce ship docking productivity, leading to substantial losses for shipyard companies. In order to restore its operational capabilities, repairing the damaged FD becomes essential. This research aims to plan and analyze the schedule to ensure the efficiency and effectiveness of FD repair activities. The process begins with the establishment of a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS), followed by determining the required man hours (MH) and scheduling using the Precedence Diagram Method (PDM). Finally, the S-curve is made for monitoring the progress of the FD repairment. The findings of this study, based on a case study involving a 6700 TLC FD, reveal a WBS comprising 66 repair tasks including two tasks for FD testing and finishing in addition to four areas of hull, walls, deck and tanks, piping systems, and machinery. The MH requirement for these tasks is 4048 MH. From the scheduling results, it was found that the duration was 12 days, with a total of 53 critical activities and 25 critical paths in the floating dock repair work using the precedence diagram method.

EVALUATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THE AUTOMATED ALGORITHM FOR DRAWING SHIP HULL SURFACES

The efficiency of application of the algorithm for automated construction of ship hull surfaces using NURBS approximation is shown. In the majority of modern shipbuilding CAD-systems a considerable share of labor intensity is occupied by preparation of the ship surface model in the first approximation on the basis of electronic theoretical drawing. For carrying out such works in shipbuilding CAD-systems there is a corresponding computer toolkit, which allows to display geometrically clear smooth forms of such surfaces as a ship hull. The works of domestic and foreign researchers in this field have been analyzed. The proposed solutions have significant disadvantages: they require large computing power for training and use. The paper shows a modern approach to solving the issue of reducing the labor intensity of graphical constructions and, consequently, time costs by automating the procedures of computer modeling using web technology. Computer modeling of bulbous bow ends and tunnel-type stern parts is a labor-intensive process of manual editing of hull geometry. Experimental studies of the developed automated algorithm and software product for this type of work have been carried out. The comparative analysis of labor intensity of construction of the most complex part of the ship surface – the bow tip of ships of three projects using the developed software product and two professional CAD-systems – KOMPAS-3D and Rhinoceros – is given. The comparison showed that the developed algorithm and program are much more efficient to use compared to the toolkit of the compared CAD systems. The automated algorithms developed in the process of research can be used in shipbuilding practice, ship repair tasks, as well as for hydrostatic calculation programs.

Development of IIOT-Based Pd-Maas Using RNN-LSTM Model with Jelly Fish Optimization in the Indian Ship Building Industry

Building and repair of ships are considered the Evergreen industry nationally as well as globally. The ships are generally gone in by the periodic scheduled repairs by the Indian shipbuilding industries. Sometimes industries lack productivity and lack of modernization some modern methods should be followed. The study focuses on the optimization of predictive maintenance as a service on the industrial Internet of Things by machine learning algorithms. The main contribution of the study is the use of optimization techniques for feature selection and RNN-LSTM for improved accuracy. The selected data set is pre-processed and feature selection for the optimization for the improvement in accuracy, and automation decision making the framework of the convolution neural network along with the ensemble boosted tree classifier developed is optimized using the jellyfish optimization and Recurrent Neural Network and Long Short-Term Memory (RNN-LSTM) model for the recognition of patterns and numerical vectors in the real-world data after processing of output then it is sent back as the input for the recurrent network to make the decision in the shipbuilding process. By evaluating the performance results and confusion matrix through the training and testing output all the metrics for training and testing are classified in the confusion matrix. Our proposed predictive maintenance model with high accuracy for the detection of failures in earlier stages and maintenance of Indian ships can help in the avoidance of accidents in voyages and the loss of goods and money during transportation. The validation of the proposed predictive maintenance model optimization with different types of deep learning algorithms shows that our proposed methodology gives an improved accuracy of 98.9336% which is higher than any other models. The proposed Pd-MaaS helps in early detection of failures in the ships which is the greatest advantage in the Indian shipbuilding industry.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ АНАЛИЗА И УПРАВЛЕНИЯ БИЗНЕС-ПРОЦЕССАМИ СУДОХОДНОЙ КОМПАНИИ

The article updates scientific developments and provisions on the description, analysis and optimization of business processes based on the materials of a shipping company in the Republic of Tatarstan. The main business process of a small shipping company (loading and unloading operations), auxiliary business process (ship repair, fleet maintenance), management processes are analyzed, losses in this business process are identified and classified, management decisions in the field of automation and optimization of business processes (work during loading and unloading operations and the use of technical vision to level out human error when loading a barge) are substantiated.

Военное судостроение в азиатской части Российской империи: результаты изучения и оценки отечественных исследователей

The article examines the problem of the formation and development of military shipbuilding in the Asian part of Russia in the 18th – early 20th centuries. The objectives are to identify the main stages of the formation of the shipbuilding and ship repair base of the Okhotsk (Siberian) flotilla in the Far East and Siberia, as well as the Amur Flotilla in the Amur River basin; to analyze the course of the formation and development of industrial facilities of this base, quantitative and qualitative indicators of their work; to show ways and means of solving problems of a logistical and logistical nature in the formation and functioning of the shipbuilding industry; to get an idea of the replenishment of the Aral Flotilla by ship. The work is based on the analysis of the works of Russian researchers of the prerevolutionary, Soviet and post-Soviet periods using the necessary set of general philosophical, general scientific and special historical methods, such as ascent from the concrete to the abstract, historical-genetic, problem-chronological and perspective analysis. The article shows that during the period of sailing shipbuilding (18th – the first half of the 19th centuries), about ten shipyards operated in Siberia and the Far East, most of which were temporary. The leading role at that time was played by the shipyard in Okhotsk, where the vast majority of the most diverse vessels for the Okhotsk military flotilla were built. The Irkutsk Admiralty acted as a subsidiary enterprise for the Okhotsk shipbuilding. The most important factor that influenced the appearance of the shipbuilding industry in the region was the absence here, unlike in the European part of Russia, of the need to solve important military and political tasks. Large naval formations were not created here, and the ships under construction were intended mainly for transport and security functions. Despite the enormous difficulties, primarily of a logistical nature, the shipbuilding base formed in Siberia and the Far East made it possible, on the whole, to successfully solve the tasks facing it. During the period of steam and metal shipbuilding (the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries), in the context of a sharp increase in the geopolitical role of the Far East for Russia, the development of the shipbuilding industry here was reduced only to the creation of a rather limited ship repair base. The reasons for this situation could be both traditional problems for domestic military shipbuilding (chronic technical and technological lag behind the leading maritime powers, constant lack of funding for naval programs, etc.), and the same logistical factor. The following methods were used to solve the urgent tasks of replenishing the naval forces of the fleet in the Far East: the construction of collapsible ships of small tonnage with their final assembly at local production sites, the arming of civilian vessels, and, most importantly, the creation of branches of large shipbuilding enterprises based in the European part of Russia in the region.

Optimization of maintenance work by implementing an automated information system at a repair facility

The introduction of automated information systems (AIS) in ship repair companies brings numerous advantages, including: AIS allows ship repair companies to increase their competitiveness, improve the quality of service and ensure long-term success in the industry. The successful implementation of AIS requires careful planning, staff training and investments in information infrastructure. It is important to ensure the active participation of management, cooperation of stakeholders and regular monitoring of implementation results. The introduction of AIS into ship repair companies leads to increased efficiency, lower operating costs, improved reliability and safety of ships, and provides valuable analytical information for making informed decisions.