Ship Engine Room Research Articles

APPLICATION OF FUZZY ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROSES FOR ERROR DETECTION OF AUXILARY SYSTEMS OF SHIP MAIN DIESEL ENGINES

Ship engine room has a structure which has to meet a number of needs with regard to administrative conditions. Therefore, when the complicated structure of engine room are considered, even a simple mechanical failure, if no measures taken abruptly, grows into irreversible condition, causing losses that cannot be compensated. A well-qualified ship engine conductor along with an effective error detection system is needed to detect failure and act immediately against any engine impairments possible. This study aims to manage troubleshooting in main engine auxiliary systems which cover cooling, lubricating and cooling oil and fuel systems. The study is also thought to be a good reference for maintenance processes for marine engineering operators. Breakdown of main engine equipment are examined and troubles hooting program is developed for using Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (F-AHP) determine solution methods and causes of such breakdowns. In this paper, a fuzzy Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methodology was proposed to determine the most effected system of the ship main diesel engine. The results showed that fuel system was the most effected alternative, as being followed subsequently by cooling system, governor system, air supply system and oiling system. The results were based upon the opinions of three experts groups who ranked the ship main diesel engine systems alternatives according to twenty-nine criteria expert selected.

A FUZZY DEMATEL MODEL PROPOSAL FOR THE CAUSE AND EFFECT OF THE FAULT OCCURRING IN THE AUXILIARY SYSTEMS OF THE SHIPS’ MAIN ENGINE

The ship engine room has a structure that meets a number of needs related to administrative conditions. Even if a simple mechanical error is considered to be the addition of human errors into the complex structure of the engine room, it can lead to undetected loss. How the causes and effects of the detected faults affect the system is as important as an effective fault detection system to detect the fault and take immediate action against any possible engine failure. This study reveals the causes of problems occurring in the main engine auxiliary systems including cooling, lubricating, cooling oil and fuel systems, and the extent of these problems affecting the system. While the Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory supports to identify and analyze the error detection of auxiliary systems with respect to causal effect relation diagram, fuzzy sets deal with the uncertainty in decision-making and human judgements through the DEMATEL. Therefore, fuzzy DEMATEL approach is applied to examine the causes and the weights of the faults and their relation to each other in the auxiliary systems. When we look at the result of the proposed approach, fuel oil pump failures has more impact on the all system and air cooler problems has the second highest place among the all errors.

Experimental and simulation study of the interaction characteristics of nano‐MgO and smoke in the fire of a ship engine room

SummaryThe engine room of ships with poor ventilation has high concentrations of accumulated smoke during the fires. In some ways, the existing forced ventilation and water mist fire extinguishing can aggravate the occurrence of back‐burning and flame strengthening. In this article, a novel way to control smoke is proposed. Based on nano‐MgO particles, the adsorption mechanism of MgO at different temperatures (300–500 K) was simulated and analyzed using the Monte Carlo method. And the macroscopic adsorption effects of smoke at different angles (30°, 80°, and 110°) of nano‐MgO vertical spray were studied in a closed confined space of 1.5 × 1.5 × 1 m3, where the diesel oil was used as a fire source. The results show that the nano‐MgO have a good dissipation effect on the fire smoke through the analysis of the temperature, smoke concentration and adsorption amount in the confined space, which can effectively reduce the smoke concentration and improve the visibility in the space. The adsorption effect of nano‐MgO is the best when the spray angle is 30°, the adsorption effect of nano‐MgO is the largest when the pressure is 300 KPa and the temperature is 300 K. Besides, the adsorption of nano‐MgO and carbon smoke particles changed from single‐layer to multilayer adsorption in the process of interaction. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the application of nano‐MgO particles in smoke control of the fire in the ship engine room.

Priority Assessment of Key Factors of IMO-MSC/Circular.834 for Ship Engine Room Safety and Efficiency Based on Human Aspects

International Maritime Organization (IMO) has published technical circular (MSC/Circular. 834) including nonmandatory guidelines with five main criteria about engine room layout, design, and arrangement. The purpose of this study is to present the most important priority criteria of seafarers about engine room design according to the criteria from IMO MSC/Circular.834 guidelines. Since there are no obligations, the priority and importance of these criteria are not clearly emphasized. Therefore, the determination of seafarers’ priorities for arrangement in terms of safety and efficiency become important to make decision. For this, fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique, which is one of the most used fuzzy Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM)methods is employed. Introduction Maritime transportation, known for oldest and widespread transportation around the world, with 11 billion tons weight and 80% rate of world trade volume (UNCTAD 2019). Maritime transportation has many components and one of the most important and effective parts of these components are ships and seafarers. Because of the difficulty of ship conditions, ships should be present optimum working conditions for seafarers in order to achieve effective and safe operations on board. At the present time, there are previous studies about the difficulty of working studies on board. It is a scientific and cultural fact that seafarers are under higher risk of working conditions comparing to other jobs (Bloor et al. 2000; Havold 2005; Hetherington et al. 2006; Mallam et al. 2015). Due to this reason, International Maritime Organization (IMO) has made various regulations for years in order to improve seafarers’ safety and efficiency on board. One of the goals of these regulations is to design optimum working conditions on board for seafarers. Based on complex structure and having various danger conditions, engine room design is considerable to ensure safety and efficiency for engine room department seafarers.

Design of Three-Dimensional Layout of Ship Engine Room Equipment Based on Knowledge Based Engineering

Design of Three-Dimensional Layout of Ship Engine Room Equipment Based on Knowledge Based Engineering

An Extended Event Tree Risk Analysis Under Fuzzy Logic Environment: The Case of Fire in Ship Engine Room

An Extended Event Tree Risk Analysis Under Fuzzy Logic Environment: The Case of Fire in Ship Engine Room

Study of the flame flow and combustion characteristics of pool fires around a bluff body in the ship engine room

In the development of a fire, all kinds of equipment in ship cabins cause flames to flow around them, which greatly affects the combustion characteristics of the flames. Experimental studies were conducted on a pool of 80 cm × 6 cm × 5 cm containing a bluff body with a diameter of 2 cm and a height of 15 cm. Using diesel fuel as an ignition source, the flame flow around the bluff body propagating as a crosswind at speeds of 0.8–2.4 m/s was studied. The results showed that the fluctuation of the mass loss in a rising period decreased. A new flame spreading phenomenon of “continuous-flow around-broken-retract” appeared. The average spreading rate affected by the bluff body had a quadratic nonlinear relationship with the intensity of airflow. A prediction model of the flame drag length for the rectangular pool containing a bluff body was established. In addition, there were two vortices near a bluff body that were symmetrical and flowed in opposite directions. The temperature at the standing vortices reached a maximum of approximately 260 °C. At the same time, the vortices presented the characteristics of periodic formation and shedding with an interval of approximately 3.6 s.

RESEARCH ON SHIP ENGINE ROOM MONITORING AND FAULT DIAGNOSIS SYSTEM BASED ON LABVIEW

The structure of marine engine room system is complex, with many fault sources and abundant symptom parameters. There is no simple correspondence between faults and symptoms, but they are interrelated and intricate. The existing fault diagnosis of ship engine room is mostly based on expert system, but the bottleneck of knowledge acquisition, lack of learning ability and the complexity and efficiency of the expert system are restricting its further development. In order to overcome the above shortcomings of expert system, the support vector machine (SVM) is introduced into the expert system, and the support vector machine (SVM) is used to solve the problem of small sample self-learning ability and high-dimensional space self-adaptation ability. The expert system is used to achieve the automatic knowledge acquisition and rapid logical reasoning. Knowledge base management and maintenance, symbolic reasoning and related explanations, and give full play to the advantages of both SVM and expert system. Finally, the fault diagnosis of marine diesel engine booster system is introduced as an example. The MATLAB Script is used to call the MATLAB SVM analysis toolkit, and the combination of SVM and expert system is used to diagnose the fault.

Impact Of Engine Room Simulator As A Tool For Training And Assessing Bsmare Students’ Performance In Engine Watchkeeping

Ship engine room simulator is a tool used by maritime academies that offer the Marine Engineering Program. According to the Standards of Training Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW), to provide physical realism in training and assessment, simulators are employed. Assessment programs have the intent of providing results that educators will utilize to improve their teaching strategies and improve learner performance (Klinger et al. 2008). This study aimed to (1) Determine the level of competencies of the Bachelor of Science in Marine Engineering cadets in Engine Watchkeeping with Resource Management before and after their exposure to the training on the use of the simulator as a tool for learning, and (2) To find out if there is a significant difference in the level of competencies of the cadets in Engine Watchkeeping before and after the training on the use of the simulator as a tool for learning. Mean and Wilcoxon tests were utilized to analyze the data. It was found that a significant difference in the level of competencies of the cadets in Engine Watchkeeping before and after the training, which implies that the Engine Room Simulator is a tool for learning and assessing the competencies of students in Engine Watchkeeping is effective. The study recommends that instructors should maximize the use of the available simulators in teaching the course. Students shall have a hands-on experience as supplementary to the theories that they learn.

Comparison of fire extinguishing performance of four halon substitutes and Halon 1301

The Halon 1301 fixed gas fire extinguishing system used in ship engine rooms has been banned from production all over the world, because halon destroys the ozone layer. Therefore, it is necessary to find an environmentally friendly, compatible and efficient alternative firefighting system. In this study, we performed fire extinguishing tests in an ISO9705 standard room for four alternative fire extinguishing agents, as well as Halon 1301. The fire extinguishing efficiency of each agent was determined based on its cooling effect, dilution effect of oxygen concentration, the extinguishing time of the oil pool fire and the re-ignition probability of the wood stack. The test results provide data support for the selection of alternatives of Halon 1301 from the aspect of fire extinguishing efficiency. Among these results, Novec 1230 had the best ability to put out the oil pool fire, and HFC-227ea suppressed the wood stack fire the best. The difference between the cooling ability of each fire extinguishing agent was small, and the inert gas (IG-541) displayed the best ability to dilute oxygen. Hot aerosol required the longest time to extinguish fire. Consequently, under the existing design standards, HFC-227ea had the better firefighting efficiency, more suitable to replace Halon 1301.

Machine Classification in Ship Engine Rooms Using Transfer Learning

Machine Classification in Ship Engine Rooms Using Transfer Learning

Numerical simulation of thermal environment in 320,000 tons VLCC engine room

The engine room is the power center of the ship, including the main diesel engine and many other equipment, to maintain the stable operation of equipment in the engine room, to provide a comfortable working environment for the crew. The temperature and humidity in the engine room must reach a certain standard. There are ventilation systems in the engine rooms of ships, but we don’t have a good way to direct the lay out of the ventilation system. This paper takes 320,000 tons of VLCC as an example, uses FLUENT software to numerically simulate the temperature field and velocity field in the engine room, obtains the temperature distribution of the entire engine room, analyzes the simulation results, and proposes a ventilation layout optimization plan. Finally, the full text is summarized and the plan for further research is discussed.

Optimization of Module Arrangement in Ship Engine Room

This article presents a new approach for engine room design based on the modularization concept including the part arrangement optimization. The characteristics of the proposed methods are as follows. First, attention was paid to piping systems of multiple bulk carrier series of different sizes. The cost and length of the piping system as well as the similarity and the commonness of the modules and arrangements were considered. Second, to define an effective module that could be commonly used in different ships, a design structure matrix was adopted. Third, in the arrangement design, an optimization system was developed using a genetic algorithm to obtain a similar pattern for module arrangement in multiple series ships with specific consideration toward cost and similarity. Some examples using the proposed method are shown at the end of article.

Changes in the psychophysiological and cognitive parameters of the sailors wearing cooling vest while working in high ambient temperature condition of the engine room onboard a naval ship: An experimental study

Background: Cooling vests are supportive garments used to overcome heat stress among individuals working in hot and humid environment. These vests were used extensively by fire-fighters and coal mine workers in past. In this study we have evaluated the effectiveness of cooling vest on psychophysiological and cognitive parameters of the sailors working in the engine room of a Naval ship. Aims and Objectives: Aim of out is to evaluate effectiveness of cooling vests in alleviating heat strain and maintain physiological parameters and behavioural alertness of sailors working in the hot and humid climate of engine room. Materials and Methods: The Physiological Strain Index (PSI), the level of Anxiety and the Psychomotor Vigilance testing was determined from 50 healthy male sailors while on 4 hrs of watch in the engine room in two different occasions i.e. once wearing the cooling vest and once more without wearing it. Subjective perception of acceptability of cooling vest was assessed by a self-made questionnaire. Results: The mean body temperature (Aural), pulse rate, respiration rate along with the Physiological Strain Index (PSI) was significantly lower both during mid watch as well as at the end watch among the engine room sailors while performing the watch wearing the cooling vest (Watch-2) in comparison to the watch without wearing it (Watch-1). The mean change in reaction time in the Psychomotor Vigilance Testing (PVT) was lesser while performing the watch with cooling vest (Watch-2) than the watch without it (Watch-1). Similarly, a higher proportion of participants had shown to have no increase in their anxiety level (Hamilton Anxiety Score) at the end of the watch when performing it with cooling vest. Also, the positive acceptance for the cooling vest was also observed among larger portion of participants. Conclusion: The study indicated lesser heat strain, lesser deterioration of Psychomotor vigilance function, lesser proportion of participants showing anxiety among the sailors wearing cooling vest while working in the hot and humid condition of engine room of a naval ship. A positive acceptance for cooling vest was also observed among higher number of these participants.

Electrocoagulation Degradation of Oily Wastewater by Using Al-based Amorphous Alloy

Oily wastewater is proven to be common both in industry and home life. A particular contaminant of concern is petroleum hydrocarbon present in various types of wastewater comingfrom shipyards, onshore and offshore industries, and engine rooms of ships. As the standards for oily wastewater treatment become more and more strict, and emulsified oil wastewater is characterized by difficult degradation and high toxicity, we adopt the electrocoagulation technology with Al₈₆Ni₁₀Y₄ amorphous alloy as anode and graphite as cathode to treat it to surpass the limitations of conventional methods. The degradation effect on the oily wastewater was characterized by chemical demand oxygen (COD), while the ribbons before and after using were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) The results show that when the pH value is 3 and the current density is 6.5mA/cm², the COD removal rate can reach to 75.68% within 100 minutes. Large areas of white corrosion products appear on the surface of the Al-based amorphous alloy after reaction. These protrusions are mainly formed by anodic oxidation corrosion of Al-based amorphous alloy. So, the electrocoagulation technology with amorphous alloy as anode and graphite as cathode is suitable for being utilized to treat the emulsified oil wastewater. And it will have a good practical application prospect.

Noise Reduction in Ship Engine Room by Optimisation of Muffler Design

Noise level onboard, particularly in the engine room, requires a careful monitor to not causing any disruption or discomfort to the shipboard environment. For monitoring purposes, an appropriate alternative system can be applied if the noise level exceeds the limit set by applicable regulations such as IMO, ABS, and LR. The current research uses computational methods to map noise contours in the engine room and recommends some muffler models to reduce the noise level in the MV Natuna Express engine room. Based on the field measurement, the noise level exceeds the Standards value at a maximum of 110 dB. Mapping and designing of the muffler models were based on the measurement data. Simulation results show that greater transmission loss hence noise reduction is affected significantly by the expansion of muffler chamber length and diameter. Modification of the muffler chamber using plywood and the tailpipe on both ME ON Generator ON and ME OFF Generator ON conditions respectively reduce the noise approximately by 24.94 dB and 10.50 dB.

Distributed predictive control of interconnected systems based on disturbance observation

In this study, a distributed model predictive control (MPC) method based on extended state observer is proposed for a class of large-scale interconnected systems by using a reduced state-space decomposition strategy. Firstly, the full state of the system is divided into internal state and external state to decrease computation and communication burden, where the former one is used for local optimisation, and the latter one is used to exchange with its neighbours. Based on the receding optimisation strategy, a reduced state-space decomposition iterative algorithm is proposed, and the convergence of the proposed algorithm is given. To improve the disturbance rejection capability of the system, an extended state observer is designed to estimate the disturbance by using a pole assignment method. By applying a feedforward compensation strategy, a composite controller is derived by combining with local MPC controller and compensation controller, then the input-to-state stability is analysed for the closed-loop system. Finally, an example of a ship engine room power system is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Determining the error producing conditions in marine engineering maintenance and operations through HFACS-MMO

The error producing condition (EPC) values are decisive parameters of human error assessment and reduction technique (HEART). In order to conduct more effective and accurate safety analysis, the EPC values should be customized in accordance with the key aspects of the relevant disciplines. Since the maintenance and operational tasks in the ship engine room involve a vast number of particular actions, this study extends the current shipboard operations human reliability analysis (SOHRA) method by proposing marine engineering maintenance and operations specific error producing conditions (mmo-EPCs) via ship accident data. Moreover, the original human factor analysis and classification system for marine engineering operations (HFACS-MMO) is identified. By means of HFACS-MMO, marine maintenance and operations human reliability analysis (MMOHRA) is proposed. In the MMOHRA, the values of EPC5, EPC8, EPC12, EPC14, EPC16, EPC21, EPC32, EPC33 and EPC35 are substantially changed when comparing with similar approaches. A case study is also provided for benchmarking the proposed method. The findings of the case study show that the HEP results can change considerably with the MMOHRA. Since the mmo-EPCs are determined through obtained data from various ship accidents, MMOHRA can be utilized in safety practices regardless of ship types specifically in marine engineering field.

A hybrid model for human-factor analysis of engine-room fires on ships: HFACS-PV&FFTA

In this study, an analysis of fire-explosion accidents in ship engine rooms was conducted. For analysis, a hybrid method including the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) and fuzzy fault tree analysis (FFTA) was used. Using the HFACS method, the factors in the formation of engine-room fires were classified according to a hierarchical structure. The possible accident scenarios and probabilities were calculated using the FFTA method. In this study, it was observed that fire-explosion accidents were concentrated in ships over 20 years old and that mechanical fatigue affected accident formation. In particular, when the increased hot surfaces due to the operation of a ship's engines while it is in motion are combined with oil/fuel leakage, fire-related accidents become inevitable. Failure to provide proper insulation also triggers the occurrence of accidents. It has been observed that some of such accidents occur because the materials used in maintenance and repair work are not original to the ship. During this study, the causes of accidents were examined to prevent fire-related accidents from occurring in engine rooms, and suggestions were made to prevent similar accidents from happening in the future.

Fire Simulation for Vent Flow and Temperature in Engine Room of Small Ship: Effects of Ceiling Duct Location and Side Vent Size

Fire Simulation for Vent Flow and Temperature in Engine Room of Small Ship: Effects of Ceiling Duct Location and Side Vent Size