Ship Crew Research Articles

МАТЕМАТИЧНА МОДЕЛЬ ПРОГНОЗУ ЗНАЧЕНЬ ОСНОВНИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК МОРЕХІДНОГО СТАНУ ТАНКЕРА ПІСЛЯ ЗАВАНТАЖЕННЯ

Transportation of oil cargoes by the world tanker fleet takes place in various climatic zones with significant fluctuations in ambient temperature. When the temperature of the oil cargo increases, its volume will increase, which may lead to increasing the risks of the cargo spilling onto the ship's deck. International conventions and codes that regulate the transportation of crude oil and petroleum products allow the use of only 98% of the cargo capacity of the tanker, the remaining 2% is called the safety factor, i.e. the margin of volume for the unforeseen expansion of the cargo when sailing in different climatic zones. From the other hand, the intensity of cargo operations during the transportation of various types of cargo, including oil cargo, has led to an increase in the role of the "human factor" in ship’s energetic system. Reducing the number of ship crews leads to the accumulation of fatigue, distraction of the attention of ship operators (masters) in the process of increasing the intensity of carrying out cargo operations on the ship. A significant share of tanker fleet accidents occurs as a result of loss of control over the volume of bulk cargo that is accepted in each tank of the vessel. The operator's lack of accurate information about the state of each tank’s filling at the current moment of time leads to the risk of overflowing of a separate tank, which, in turn, can cause the spillage of bulk cargo, for example, petroleum products on the ship's deck and on the water surface of the port's water area. The relevance of these problems determines the direction of this research. For constant dynamic monitoring of the tanker parameters’ conformity during loading operations, considering parameters that maximally satisfy the requirements of maritime safety and taking into account all restrictions, such as the maximum permissible volumes of oil cargo in tanks, the current study proposes to use a mathematical model and create a system for automatic control of tanker loading. Keywords: oil cargo, tanker, level gauges, safety factor, loading control, mathematical model.

Application of ship’s information system to control and monitor the technical condition of ship’s equipment

Failures and breakdowns of marine equipment that occur during the daily operation of ships can lead to major accidents, endangering the lives of the crew and passengers of ships, and also pose a threat to the environment. A project for using a ship information system to monitor the technical condition of ship power equipment in real time through integration with ship automated systems is presented in the paper. The implementation of the information system was carried out on the Handy Size dry-cargo vessel with a deadweight of 36,987 tons, during which an analysis of ship systems was carried out and sources for obtaining initial information were identified. These were AMS system (alarm monitoring system), technical control system of MAN 5S50ME-B “CoCoS” main engine condition, equipment on the navigation bridge (AIS, GPS, ECDIS, VDR). During the implementation of the project, a secure connection to the above-mentioned ship systems for collecting and processing information using the installed Dataloger computer with software was made. Channels for transmitting information to the shore through the satellite Internet and mobile communication systems using data coding and compression to reduce traffic volume were determined. The use of the implemented information system makes it possible to remove some of the routine tasks for the crew and the onshore technical service, to obtain more accurate information on the formation and control of maintenance tasks in real time.

Medical Examinations of Employees Involved in Traffic and Transportation

The article is devoted to the study of the legal regulation of medical examinations of transport employees and identification of problems of differentiation of the legal regulation of relations in this area.The subject of the study refers to the legal norms that establish the list of persons subject to mandatory medical examination, the factors to be assessed during the conduct of a medical examination, as well as the procedure for conducting medical examinations.The objective of the study is to formulate the problems of legal regulation of medical examinations of employees involved in traffic and transportation, as well as to identify the need and real possibility of differentiating the legal regulation of medical examinations for various modes of transport, comprising road, railway, water and off-street transport.Empirical research consists of several stages. At the first stage, a selection of modes of transport was carried out that included road, railway, water, and off-street transport. Within the framework of the second stage, using systematic, formal legal and comparative legal methods, the legislation regulating the medical examinations of employees employed in these modes of transport was analysed.The results of the study show that today there is no legal act regulating the list of professions and positions and the procedure for passing a pre-trip (pre-shift) medical examination both for the entire crew of sea and river ship, and for employees whose labour function is directly related to vehicle movement; many normative acts come into conflict with each other and are partly outdated. In addition, as a result of the study, the authors established a digital transformation trend common to the legal regulation of most modes of transport: employers at the local level are trying to introduce automated systems for medical examinations to save financial and time resources. However, at the legislative level, such novels are permissible only in relation to aviation personnel. At the same time, the methods of conducting medical examinations, the established indicators and traumatic factors are not reoriented to conduct an examination through the use of digital technologies. The study concludes that there is a need for a differentiated approach to the legal regulation of the medical examination of employees involved in movement of transport vehicles, depending on the mode of transport.

The application of telemedicine technologies under medical care provision to crew members on shipboard

The impact of development of technique and technology as result of scientific and technological progress in modern society tremendously affected population life of people in its various areas. One of these technologies is telemedicine. The telemedicine technologies permit to ensure accessibility of highly qualified medical care to travelers, ship crew members and persons located at remote objects. The actuality of application of telemedicine technologies is excessively high in conditions of providing medical care to ship crew members working hundreds miles away from nearest medical care station. The article considers application of telemedicine technologies in world-wide practice. The legal norms of applying telemedicine in the Russian Federation were analyzed. The results of scientific research of telemedicine application on shipboard are analyzed and both advantages and disadvantages of technology under study are determined. The ways of resolving existing problems are proposed to minimize risks associated with application of telemedicine technologies on shipboard.

Analisis Kelalaian dalam Berdinas Jaga di Kapal MV. Andhika Kanishka pada Pelabuhan Muara Pantai saat Bongkar Muat

Negligence during duty on board has a significant negative impact on loading and unloading activities. Problems in loading and unloading activities often arise due to both internal and external factors such as human error, equipment issues, and natural conditions. This study aims to investigate negligence during duty on the MV. Andhika Kanishka ship at Muara Pantai Port, focusing on the factors, consequences, and strategies for addressing it. The research was conducted using a qualitative approach, involving direct observation, in-depth interviews, and documentary analysis, and data was triangulated for analysis. The subjects for interviews included the ship's captain and crew. The research results indicate that: 1) Factors contributing to negligence are carelessness and psychological factors; 2) Consequences include errors during loading, difficulty in closing hatches and hatch covers, and cross-deck becoming dirty; and 3) Strategies for addressing negligence during duty involve maintaining communication, shifting cargo, and cleaning the ship's deck.

Analysis of Risk Factors for Hypertension in Ship Crews of Seaports Work Coverage for Poso Port Health Office, Bungku Working Area

Objective: Ship crew as seafarers who work or are employed on board the ship by the owner or operator of the ship to carry out their duties following their position will have limitations in accessing health education, facilities, and infrastructure that support them to maintain their health. One of the non-communicable diseases that contributes to cardiovascular diseases is hypertension. This study aims to determine the risk factors related to the prevalence of hypertension in ship crew at Seaport work coverage for Poso Port Health Office, Bungku Working Area. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with a sample size of 385 participant involve in data analysis. Chi-square analysis was employed to assess the relationship between respondent characteristic variables and independent variables concerning the occurrence of hypertension. Multivariate analysis was conducted on variables that showed an association with hypertension to obtain independent risk values using logistic regression analysis. This research used a 95% confidence level. Results: The prevalence of hypertension in ship crew is 12.73%. Logistic regression results showed that the crew members had an overweight (AOR=15.93, 95%CI: 5.080-49.981, p=0.000) and moderate and heavy smokers among crew members (AOR=2.51, 95%CI: 1.038-6.066), p=0.021) were factors associated with the prevalence of hypertension in ships crew members of hypertension in ships crew members after controlled by aged over 45 years (AOR=22.94; 95% CI: 2.587-203.477, p=0.005) and family history of hypertension (AOR=6.01; 95% CI: 2.741-13.168, p=0.000). Conclusions: Body mass index and smoking behavior among ship crew members are significant risk factors for hypertension in this study, while alcohol consumption and workplace-related environmental stress were not found to be significant risk factors in this research Implication of the research: This research can serve as a reference for determining health programs and more specific priority groups targeted for the prevention and control of hypertension among ship crew members on board. Originality: This study was conducted on ship crew members, legally active seafarers in the operational tasks on ship, whereas most similar research uses the health data of seafarers in healthcare clinics.

Optimization of Ship Crew Placement in Accordance with Safe Manning at PT. Pertamina International Shipping (PIS)

Placement of ship crew that is not in accordance with safe manning at PT. Pertamina International Shipping (PIS) is due to the limitations and availability of crew being the main cause of the uneven placement of crew, the lack of crew members who have essential skills or certifications for a particular division, so an even distribution of ships cannot be achieved. Sending ship crew to carry out tasks on board must be in accordance with existing provisions and procedures. Crew competency certificates (COC) and skills (COP) must have met the validity according to the 2010 STCW amendments. The purpose of this study was to describe the factors that cause the uneven placement of ship crew in each division of the manning fleet. And to find out the efforts made by PT. Pertamina International Shipping in overcoming the uneven placement and delivery of ship crew in each manning fleet. The research method used is the descriptive qualitative method. Sources of research data obtained from primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques through observation, documentation, and interviews. As well as a SWOT analysis. The research results show that the internal and external factors that influence the placement and distribution of crew in each division of the manning fleet are condition, work experience, demand from the company and supply of prospective crew to be selected, incomplete certificates, and interest from prospective crew members. As well as the efforts made by PT. Pertamina International Shipping in handling the problem of placing and sending ship crew for each manning fleet, is the placement and sending of ship crew according to the needs of the ship, referring to shipping regulations as well as provisions and structural positions in the company.

Optimization of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Applications on The Crew Contract Extension System At PT. Sinarmas LDA Maritime

Technological developments are needed in today's digital era because they can help all human activities. PT. Sinarmas LDA Maritime created an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) application. The ERP application is used to simplify employees' work in inputting data and monitoring the working period of the crew and the validity period of documents. However, in using the ERP application, there are obstacles to the crew contract extension system, which still uses paper forms, so inputting data into the application takes a long time. Besides that, the ERP application is very dependent on the internet network. This study aims to determine the constraints in optimizing Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) applications on the crew contract extension system with the addition of problem solvers. This research method uses a qualitative description approach by conducting observations, interviews, literature studies, and documentation directed at competent and directly involved informants and using SWOT analysis techniques to determine strategic factors for optimizing Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) applications by linking research data results. Based on the research that has been done, it was found that optimizing the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) application in the crew contract extension system is filling in crew data that still uses paper forms and is dependent on the internet network. Using a paper form is changed to using a G-form so that the input of crew data for extended counters is more effective and efficient. As well as the need for outreach to the ship's crew in order to know the stages of filling in the data. The results of the SWOT analysis show that the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) application is in a progressive strategy position, meaning that obstacles in optimizing ERP applications can be overcome because the company is able to take advantage of its strengths and opportunities.

The Analysis of Barge Misha’s Anchor Loss Incident Off the Coast of Pagerungan Island from The Perspective of Quality Health Safety Environment (QHSE)

A Quality Health Safety Environment (QHSE) is a safety management enforced by a company to control safety at work by identifying the hazards and risks that cause working activity. The use of QHSE is needed in the resolving process of an accident that happened on the Barge Misha. This research aims to find the factors of wire breaks of Barge Misha and the efforts of handling the incident according to the QHSE function in PT. Transcoal Pacific. This research used a qualitative method by describing an aspect obtained from observing, interviewing, and documenting through a series of sentences. The researcher involved four resource persons in the interview sessions: the Operation Manager, HSE Staff, Technical Staff, and Master of TB ETI 307-BG. Misha. Then, the researcher used data reduction techniques, presented data, and concluded to analyze the data. The research results show that the factors causing the incident loss of Barge Misha Anchor are human factors, method factors, machine and equipment factors, and environmental factors. PT. Transcoal Pacific has carried out the QHSE function in handling the incident by making efforts to prevent such incidents from recurring. Therefore, efforts can be made when the company supervises the control of the implementation of safety meetings carried out regularly by HSE, technical, operation division, and ship's crew. The company increases the crew's knowledge of the anchoring procedure through the HSE and technical division, especially in emergencies. The company needs to control ship maintenance according to schedule and monitored by the technical division. The company needs to regularly improve machines and equipment that are worn or rusted and replace the machines or equipment that do not conform with the standards of Badan Klasifikasi Indonesia (BKI).

Implementation of ISM Code (International Safety Management) Code for the Safety of Crew and Passenger on Km Sinabung

ISM (International Safety Management) Code is a rule that regulates safety on board ships. The ISM Code is useful for improving safety on board ships, especially for passenger ships which have the main priority of maintaining the safety of the lives of passengers in particular and the ship's crew in general. But in its application, there are several factors that hinder the implementation of the ISM Code. This study aims to determine how the implementation, inhibiting factors and steps that can be taken to improve the implementation of the ISM Code on KM Sinabung. 
 The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. Data sources were taken from primary and secondary data. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation studies during researchers carrying out sea practice at KM. Sinabung. Data analysis techniques used are data collection, data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. Testing the validity of data using the source triangulation method.
 The results showed that the implementation of the ISM Code on board KM. Sinabung has been implemented but not yet optimal. Lack of knowledge, awareness and supervision of the crew related to safety is a factor inhibiting implementation on board KM. Sinabung is not optimal. So that efforts that can be made to improve the implementation of the ISM Code are to carry out safety induction, maximize training and competence, install safety posters to provide strict sanctions against violators so that the implementation of the ISM Code can be carried out optimally.

The Analysis of the Legal Protection of Ship's Crew in Sea Work Agreement in Indonesia

This article aims to analyze the welfare of crew members in the context of legal protection, which is reviewed in more detail from the perspective of the implementation of the maritime employment agreement in Indonesia. This is based on the poor execution of marine employment agreements in Indonesia and should pay more attention to the welfare of crew members. This research will be prepared using normative juridical research (legal research), which is research focused on examining the application of rules or norms in positive law in Indonesia. The assessment process is carried out by analyzing several related regulations, namely the Commercial Code, Laws, Government Regulations, and Ministerial Regulations. The results show that the implementation of sea work agreements in Indonesia involves various parties, such as employers/ship agents, skippers, crew members, and harbourmaster as a means of fulfilling the rights and obligations of workers and employers. In the context of legal protection, crew members in Indonesia have the right to work protection in the form of welfare, occupational safety, and occupational health. In addition, crew members also have the right to salary, overtime pay, holiday pay, delegation pay, transportation costs and wages at the end of work in a sea work agreement.

Impact of The Covid-19 Pandemic on The Effectiveness of Ship Crew Schedule at PT Surf Marine Indonesia

Health is very important for all humans, because without good health it will be difficult to carry out daily activities. According to the Health Law Number 36 Year 2009 Article 1 "Health is a healthy state, both physically, mentally, spiritually and socially that allows everyone to live socially and economically productive". In the world of work, health is one of the main things that workers must have to do their work. Including in the world of shipping both on land and at sea. Workers at sea, especially ship crews at work, must be in good health so that they can carry out activities on board as much as possible. Before the ship's crew boarded the ship, the ship's crew had to do a medical check-up as a mandatory requirement to board the ship. Every three or six months the ship's crew will make a crew change because the work contract has expired and the ship will look for a replacement crew to work on the ship. During the Covid-19 pandemic, crew changes experienced obstacles because the spread of this virus was quite fast. All regions in the world are currently implementing strict health protocols to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic. Especially for ship crews, they also implement strict procedures to deal with Covid-19. During a pandemic. During this pandemic, the challenges faced by the manning division are very high where the process of changing ship crews is very difficult to carry out, while the crew on board the ship has expired. Another challenge faced when changing crews is that there is no standby crew so that the crew's working period on the ship is not in accordance with the previously agreed Sea Work Agreement.

Penerapan Terhadap Kepatuhan Konvensi Ballast Water Management Dari Awak Kapal Niaga Di Indonesia

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) through the Environmental Protection Committee (MEPC/Marine Environment Protection Committee) since 2004 has established the international Convention on the Control and Management of Ship's Ballast Water and Sediments (BWM 2004), which seeks to protect marine waters from the impact of water discharge. commercial ship ballast The aim of this research is to determine the extent of implementation of the 2004 BWM Convention in Indonesia through questionnaires and interviews given to seafarer respondents in Indonesia. The compliance of commercial ship crews with PTES shows that the ship crews have not implemented the Ballast Water Management Convention, namely exchanging ship ballast water at sea according to standard D 1. The results of a questionnaire conducted on Indonesian merchant ship crews consisting of student crew members and student officers show that water exchange Ballast in the middle of the sea by merchant ships is only worth 14.5%. Commercial ships that have documents related to Ballast Water Management are also obtained below the 24% figure. PTES managers should manage ballast water at ports as the cheapest and most efficient solution compared to managing ballast water by commercial ships.

Гарантированный результат оценки состояния компетентности судового специалиста

The article highlights the application of the principle of achieving the best guaranteed result in the tasks of assessing the qualifications of the ship crew members in performing their official duties (based on the use of a program for monitoring the actions of ship specialists aimed at solving navigation problems, under the influence of various negative factors - disturbances) are discussed. The case is considered when the disturbance acts on several controlled indicators at once (current constraints, final conditions, quality criterion). During the implementation of the monitoring program, the reaction of the crew members to a specific disturbance is evaluated (at the same time, only a set of possible disturbances is assumed to be known). The developed management program is able to guarantee a reliable assessment of the compliance of the current state of a specialist's competence with all the required parameters for the entire time interval under consideration. To do this, we have to assume that each indicator will have its own worst perturbation (even if the same perturbation should take different values at the same time). At the same time, upon completion of monitoring, the program outputs the results in the form of a report, which indicates the time interval of observations of the actions of a particular crew member, records the facts of errors, and displays information about the degree of influence of the error on the final result (provided there are no corrective actions on the part of both the specialist and other crew members). The report ends with a two-point competent/incompetent rating system. The disadvantage of the program is its inability to indicate the degree of influence of external factors on the results obtained, but at the same time all the information contained in the report allows the expert who checks the competence of this specialist to conclude about the degree of safety of the actions taken by the employee in a particular situation. The results of the work of the guaranteeing program in the task of operating the GMSSB ship complex are given as illustrations.

Implementation of the ISM Code for MV Ships. Eastern Fair at PT Pelayaran Multi Jaya Samudera Belawan

This paper aims to investigate the Implementation of the ISM Code on the MV Ships. Eastern Fair at PT. pelayaran Multi Jaya Samudera Belawan. In writing this paper, the author utilizes methodology, during the Onshore Practice, the author collects materials from field observation methods and library methods. This is intended to gain a deeper understanding of the Implementation of the ISM Code on the MV Eastern Fair Ship at PT. Pelayaran Multi Jaya Samudera Belawan. The ISM Code is an International regulation developed by the International Maritime Oeganization (IMO) to ensure the safety of ship operation and the protection of the marine environment. By integrating the principles of the ISM Code into their operations, shipping companies can create a safer and more efficient environment for both ship crew and onshore personnel. Safety onboard is a shared responsibility. Safety plays a crucial role in the overall operation of ships. Facts shw that as much as 80% of all accidents can be attributed to human error. Furthermore, about 75-80% of these human errors can be linked to poor management systems. Safety encompasses the ship, crew, cargo, and the marine environment. The Implementation of the ISM Code plays a crucial role in ensuring that everything runs smoothly in terms of safety.

Development and analysis of the loading characteristic of accumulate fuel injection system Common Rail of the engine 50 RT-flex

The object of research are hydrodynamical processes in fuel delivery system of marine diesel engine of type RT-flex with accumulate fuel injection system of type Common Rail. The problem, being solved, is maintenance of an effective operation of the specified diesel engines due to perfection work of their fuel equipment. The results of simulation modeling of the injection process by accumulator fuel delivery system Common Rail of the 50RT-flex engine are presented. On the basis of the functional diagram of system, a calculation model has been compiled that provides a description of the operation of the systems main blocks. The load characteristic of the fuel equipment is built in the traditional version – the dependence of the fuel delivery parameters from the engine load at a constant speed. For the system under consideration, the control element is the valve assembly connecting the injection control unit (ICU) with injectors. The parameters of the load characteristic in this study are modes with a constant engine speed n=124 rpm and a change in the opening angle of the control valve in the range – jv=6.6–14.4 °CA. The parameters of the devices that largely determine the characteristics of the fuel delivery and the quality of the working processes of a diesel engine are considered in more details. Such an element of the system is ICU, the working body of which is the dosing piston. The main parameters of its operation when delivering fuel are the magnitude and speed of the stroke. For the load characteristics in the accepted range of the valve control valve opening angle jv from 6.6 to 14.4 °CA (2.18 times), the piston stroke was hp=4.29–8.61 mm (2.0 more). In this case, the dependence of hp on jv is linear. Area of use of the data received during research, ship crews and the shore services providing operation of vessels are. A material is applied in process of high school and is already used in various educational forms. The given researches are useful to developers and builders of marine diesel engines of a considered class.

The Social Characteristics of Fisherman Communities in Cangkol Village, Cirebon, Indonesia

The social mapping is intended to map social characteristics, as well as to analyze the driving and inhibiting factors of the fishing community in Cangkol Village, using a survey method with a questionnaire and analyzed descriptively. The research was conducted in April–June 2023. The fishing community of Kampung Cangkol is a community with the majority of middle-aged individuals graduating from elementary school, Muslim, with Cirebonese ethnicity who still preserve local traditions and wisdom. Fishermen's wives have a double role as being in charge of domestic affairs and helping fishermen earn a living. There is a patron-client relationship between fishermen and middlemen as the main access to capital in the fishing business. The upper layer in the fishing community of Cangkol Village is community leaders, the middle layer is skipper fishermen, and the lower layer is the Ship's Crew (ABK). The fishing community in Cangkol Village are fishermen with a traditional fishing unit. The driving factors in the fishing effort of the Cangkol Village fishing community are the preservation of cultural manifestations in the community, the fishermen's wives' dual roles, kinship, and social organizations. The inhibiting factors in the fishing business are weather, age structure, level of education, the existence of middlemen, and the use of technology that is still traditional.

OPTIMALISASI PENERAPAN PERAWATAN HATCH COVER UNTUK MENGHINDARI KETERLAMBATAN PROSES MUAT BONGKAR PADA MV. CHANDRA KIRANA

Hatch Cover is a part of the ship that is useful for protecting cargo from seawater and avoiding damage that can cause cargo damage. To make the load not damaged, of course, optimal maintenance is needed for the hatch cover and what needs to be applied in the maintenance of the hatch cover on the MV. Chandra Kirana so that damage can be avoided completely. 
 The research method used is descriptive qualitative by describing the problem through observing what happens in the field, indirect interviews conducted with ship officers and crew, literature study, and documentation. By using this research method, the required data is obtained and then analyzed and presented with a descriptive narrative. 
 From the results studied, it was found that there were problems with the application of hatch cover maintenance which was less than optimal and there were many obstacles encountered when carrying out hatch cover maintenance which resulted in delays in maintenance. Researchers suggest that companies can implement workshops for crew members who will board so they can know what to do in treating and repairing hatch cover damage and following hatch cover maintenance procedures in accordance with Doc. No. JSP E41 namely inspection and maintenance plan of bulk carrier hatch cover so that hatch cover maintenance can be carried out properly and reduce additional costs in the event of cargo damage

THE INFLUENCE OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY AND SUPERVISION ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE OF PT. PAN MARITIME WIRA PAWITRA CREW MEMBERS

The purpose of this research is to investigate, test, and analyze the impact of occupational health, safety, and supervision on the performance of ship crew employees at PT. Pan Maritime Wira Pawitra. This research follows an associative approach with a quantitative method. The sample consists of 70 employees and crew members of PT. Pan Maritime Wira Pawitra, using a population sampling technique. Data was collected using a validated and reliable questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis was employed for data analysis. The findings of this study indicate that occupational health, safety, and supervision have a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Specifically, occupational health and safety positively and significantly affect employee performance. This is evident from the calculated t-value of 3.876, which is greater than the t-table value of 1.668. Moreover, the significance value (sig.) is 0.00, which is less than 0.05 (0.00 < 0.05). On the other hand, supervision has a positive but not very significant effect on employee performance. The calculated t-value of 0.21 is greater than 0.05, and the significance value is 0.21, also greater than 0.05. In conclusion, occupational health, safety, and supervision have a positive and significant impact on the performance of ship crew employees at PT. Pan Maritime Wira Pawitra. The F-value of 45.833 is greater than the F-table value of 3.13, and the significance value is 0.000, which is less than 0.05 (0.000 < 0.05), as obtained from the coefficient of determination results.

Organizacja spławu w dobrach kasztelanowej krakowskiej Izabeli z Poniatowskich Branickiej

This article is devoted to the organisation of river floating in the estates of the Branicki family (coat-of-arms Gryf), managed from 1771 by Izabela Branicka née Poniatowska, widow of the castellan of Kraków and Great Hetman of the Crown Jan Klemens. The article is based on archival sources from the Roskie Archive fonds stored in the holdings of the Central Archives of Historical Records in Warsaw. Particularly important in the findings of the text is the correspondence from the circle of Izabela Branicka's clerks and officials involved in the administration of her landed estates. The issue of floating was discussed in several areas, including the characteristics of: waterways and ports used by the Branicka's flotilla, directions of river transport and its volume, management of the flotilla in terms of froth and renting ships and boats, the state of the flotilla in terms of construction, repairs and purchase of vessels forming it, crews of ships and boats – including the number of personnel, functions, maintenance costs, and finally the course of floating and factors affecting it.