Field Shift Research Articles

Enhanced electrolytic immersion cooling for thermal crisis mitigation in high-energy–density systems

Motivated by the increasing need for effective cooling solutions in high-energy–density systems, this experimental study presents the two-phase cooling of a superheated SS 316L sample via immersion quenching in saturated deionized (DI) water at atmospheric pressure conditions with and without a DC electric field. We investigate the effect of the applied electric field, electrode polarity, and in-situ oxidation on quenching characteristics such as the cooling profile, vapour layer behaviour, minimum film boiling temperature (Tmin), and heat transfer rate. The cooling curves of samples quenched with the application of an electric field shift towards the left compared to the sample quenched without an electric field. The cathode sample at 200 V exhibits 33 % faster cooling than the bare sample (0 V). Overall, the in-situ oxidised SS 316L cathode sample at 200 V exhibits a 55 % reduction in film boiling duration, and Tmin increased from 268 °C to 322 °C compared to the bare sample (0 V). The visualisation studies highlight that the liquid–vapour interface experiences a series of oscillations followed by temporal collapse due to electrostatic attraction and electrolytic activity. The obtained results show that hydrogen-rich vapour bubbles increase heat transfer performance. The evolution of hydrogen and its adsorption at the sample surface reduces the activation energy for bubble nucleation and improves the bubble density via liquid pumping. These insights open the pathway for employing hydrogen bubbles for handling ultra-high thermal loads in high-energy density systems, and the specific case of a revised design of concentrating solar receiver is considered based on the present findings.

Rendering protein mutation movies with MutAmore

BackgroundThe success of AlphaFold2 in reliable protein three-dimensional (3D) structure prediction, assists the move of structural biology toward studies of protein dynamics and mutational impact on structure and function. This transition needs tools that qualitatively assess alternative 3D conformations.ResultsWe introduce MutAmore, a bioinformatics tool that renders individual images of protein 3D structures for, e.g., sequence mutations into a visually intuitive movie format. MutAmore streamlines a pipeline casting single amino-acid variations (SAVs) into a dynamic 3D mutation movie providing a qualitative perspective on the mutational landscape of a protein. By default, the tool first generates all possible variants of the sequence reachable through SAVs (L*19 for proteins with L residues). Next, it predicts the structural conformation for all L*19 variants using state-of-the-art models. Finally, it visualizes the mutation matrix and produces a color-coded 3D animation. Alternatively, users can input other types of variants, e.g., from experimental structures.ConclusionMutAmore samples alternative protein configurations to study the dynamical space accessible from SAVs in the post-AlphaFold2 era of structural biology. As the field shifts towards the exploration of alternative conformations of proteins, MutAmore aids in the understanding of the structural impact of mutations by providing a flexible pipeline for the generation of protein mutation movies using current and future structure prediction models.

On-Particle Hyperbranched Rolling Circle Amplification-Scaffolded Magnetic Nanoactuator Assembly for Ferromagnetic Resonance Detection of MicroRNA.

Inspired by natural molecular machines, scientists are devoted to designing nanomachines that can navigate in aqueous solutions, sense their microenvironment, actuate, and respond. Among different strategies, magnetically driven nanoactuators can easily be operated remotely in liquids and thus are valuable in biosensing. Here we report a magnetic nanoactuator swarm with rotating-magnetic-field-controlled conformational changes for reaction acceleration and target quantification. By grafting nucleic acid amplification primers, magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) actuators can assemble and be fixed with a flexible DNA scaffold generated by surface-localized hyperbranched rolling circle amplification in response to the presence of a target microRNA, osa-miR156. Net magnetic anisotropy changes of the system induced by the MNP assembly can be measured by ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy as shifts in the resonance field. With a total assay time of ca. 120 min, the proposed biosensor offers a limit of detection of 6 fM with a dynamic detection range spanning 5 orders of magnitude. The specificity of the system is validated by testing different microRNAs and salmon sperm DNA. Endogenous microRNAs extracted from Oryza sativa leaves are tested with both quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and our approach, showing comparable performances with a Pearson correlation coefficient >0.9 (n = 20).

The evolution of penta-graphene thermoelectrics: External fields as a key enabler for High-Performance devices

The tight-binding model is used in this study to examine the electronic and thermal properties of penta-Graphene (PG). To analyze these properties, approaches including the Kubo formula, linear response theory, and Green's function method are applied. The obtained numerical results show that by introducing bias voltage U, external magnetic field Π, and electron doping μ, significant modifications in electrical conductivity, magnetic susceptibility, and thermoelectric properties including power factor PF(T), Seebeck coefficients S(T), and figure of merit ZT(T) are observed. The band structure and density of states (DOS) of PG structure can be significantly altered by applying a bias voltage or an external magnetic field. The wide band gap of PG exhibited a marked reduction with the application of these external fields, displaying greater sensitivity to Π compared to U. Thermal properties of PG, including electrical conductivity σ(T), exhibit a peak as a function of temperature, which its peak position depends on the external fields and μ. Below the peak, σ(T) increases significantly with increasing external fields and μ, due to the reduced band gap and increased number of excited charge carriers, respectively. σ(T) demonstrates greater sensitivity to μ compared to Π, and both parameters have a more pronounced effect than bias voltage U. The magnetic field and bias voltage shift the peak position of the power factor PF(T) in opposite directions. Through tuning of the external fields, which alters the electronic structure of PG, the ZT(T) can be enhanced and its rate of increase is more dependent on bias voltage than on magnetic field.

Peripheral visual field shifts after intraocular lens implantation.

To assess whether intraocular lens (IOL) implantation induces shifts in the peripheral visual field. Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands. Ray tracing study. Non-sequential ray tracing simulations were performed with phakic and pseudophakic versions of the same eye model to assess potential shifts in the visual field after IOL implantation. Two different IOL designs were evaluated and for each design 5 different axial positions and 7 different intrinsic powers were tested. The relation between the physical position of the light source and the location where the retina was illuminated was determined for each eye model. Subsequently, these relations were used to calculate whether the visual field shifts in pseudophakic eyes. The pseudophakic visual field shift was below 1 degree for central vision in all evaluated models. For peripheral vision, the light rays in the pseudophakic eyes were refracted to a more central retinal location compared to phakic eyes, resulting in a central shift of the peripheral visual field. The magnitude of the shift depended on the IOL design and its axial position, but could be as high as 5.4 degrees towards central vision. IOL implantation tends to have little effect on the central visual field but can induce an over 5 degrees shift in the peripheral visual field. Such a shift can affect the perception of peripheral visual complaints.

Interpretation: Voice of the Field.

To patients, the most memorable moments in psychoanalytic treatment are seldom the contents of the analyst's interpretations, but the feeling of being understood. Interpretations are most meaningful not because of what they say but because each one is evidence that the analyst, who generally becomes someone of great significance to the patient, knows the patient more than before the interpretation was made. As a result of this process of "witnessing" patients not only know and feel-they also "know and feel that they know and feel." They can feel their roles in authoring their own experience. Therapeutic action results: patients "come into possession of themselves." Interpretations are the outcome of shifts in the interpersonal field, which reveal this new freedom to think and feel. This new freedom allows the creation of the analyst's interpretations, which therefore serve as a sign of a new way of being in one another's presence that has now become possible between analyst and patient. Field shifts are jointly created, without conscious intention, and interpretations arise from these shifts. Thus, interpretations are not really created independently by the mind of the analyst, but are instead the voice of the field. A clinical vignette illustrates these ideas.

Artificial Intelligence – An Ally or a Foe of Foreign Language Teaching?

Abstract The rise of technological advancements and the extensive use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in many domains of activity nowadays have triggered a paradigm shift in the educational field which seems to be facing multiple challenges in order to adapt to the newly emerged needs of a highly digitalized society. Online education has become a “revolution en masse” (Nikon, 2023) providing a fertile ground for a seamless blend between Artificial Intelligence and language studying. Foreign language trainers have become aware of the benefits of this transformational process and have been trying to take advantage of the new opportunities by implementing them into the educational process and tailoring them to the real needs of the learners. While AI has been constantly acclaimed for its potential to improve learning outcomes, there are voices who contend against its use, stating that the negative implications outweigh by far the benefits. This papers aims at analysing the advantages and disadvantages of an AI-powered teaching-learning process and at highlighting specific applicability when it comes to foreign languages.

High-order Bragg forward scattering and frequency shift of low-frequency underwater acoustic field by moving rough sea surface

Acoustic scattering modulation caused by an undulating sea surface on the space–time dimension seriously affects underwater detection and target recognition. Herein, underwater acoustic scattering modulation from a moving rough sea surface is studied based on integral equation and parabolic equation. And with the principles of grating and constructive interference, the mechanism of this acoustic scattering modulation is explained. The periodicity of the interference of moving rough sea surface will lead to the interference of the scattering field at a series of discrete angles, which will form comb-like and frequency-shift characteristics on the intensity and the frequency spectrum of the acoustic scattering field, respectively, which is a high-order Bragg scattering phenomenon. Unlike the conventional Doppler effect, the frequency shifts of the Bragg scattering phenomenon are multiples of the undulating sea surface frequency and are independent of the incident sound wave frequency. Therefore, even if a low-frequency underwater acoustic field is incident, it will produce obvious frequency shifts. Moreover, under the action of ideal sinusoidal waves, swells, fully grown wind waves, unsteady wind waves, or mixed waves, different moving rough sea surfaces create different acoustic scattering processes and possess different frequency shift characteristics. For the swell wave, which tends to be a single harmonic wave, the moving rough sea surface produces more obvious high-order scattering and frequency shifts. The same phenomena are observed on the sea surface under fully grown wind waves, however, the frequency shift slightly offsets the multiple peak frequencies of the wind wave spectrum. Comparing with the swell and fully-grown wind waves, the acoustic scattering and frequency shift are not obvious for the sea surface under unsteady wind waves.

The Role of Digital Investment in Economic Growth in Iraq

The economic developments on the global economic stage have contributed to a qualitative shift in economic fields. Many advanced economies now rely on modern technology, with digital economy taking the lead in these countries. This necessitates those developing countries in general, including Iraq, follow the lead of advanced economies in developing their capacities in the knowledge economy. This is crucial for sustaining their economic resources as they transition from rentier economies, which depend on a single sector and have revenues linked to the external world, making their economies vulnerable to fluctuations and instability. The research is based on the hypothesis that the emergence of the new digital investment is a result of the evolution of information and communication technology. It affects both those who possess information technology and those who lack it, consequently influencing the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The aim is to shed light on the characteristics of this new digital investment, and to present and analyze the key outcomes of investing in the digital economy. The focus is on indicators of digital access, as well as measuring the relationship between indicators of investment in the digital economy and economic growth.

Immersive Photography: a practice-led methodological approach to landscape photography research

In recent years, there has been a notable shift in the design field towards practice-led research, driven by the recognition of design practitioners as valuable contributors to knowledge production. However, the lack of well-defined methodologies for conducting practice-led research in academia has posed challenges to its progress and widespread adoption. This article aims to address this gap by providing examples of effective methodologies in practice-led research. The article emphasises the importance of robust frameworks that foster a symbiotic relationship between design practice and research, integrating theoretical inquiry and hands-on experimentation. It presents an innovative approach developed by the author during their PhD, which contributes to the ongoing discourses on practice-led research in design. The proposed methodology consists of four stages: the landscape, data gathering, reflection, and feedback. By engaging in iterative cycles of design exploration, critique, and reflection, the researcher gains a holistic understanding of design processes and their outcomes. This approach facilitates an in-depth exploration of the complex interplay between design concepts, materials, and the surrounding landscape. Ultimately, this article contributes to the discourse on practice-led research in the design field by introducing a methodology that embraces the practical, creative, and theoretical aspects of design inquiry. It responds to the increasing demand for examples of effective methodologies and provides a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners engaged in practice-led research at the PhD level.

Numerical Simulation Analysis of Wellbore Integrity and Casing Damage in High-Temperature Injection and Production of Shale Oil

Shale oil represents a relatively new form of unconventional oil and gas resource, and the extensive exploration and development of shale oil resources carry significant implications for China’s oil and gas supply and demand dynamics. At present, within the realm of low-maturity shale oil extraction technologies, the reservoir must be subjected to elevated temperatures ranging between 400 to 60 °C. Prolonged exposure of wellbores to such high temperatures can result in a substantial decrease in cement strength, the formation of microcracks due to cement cracking, and damage stemming from thermal stresses on the casing. Casing damage stands out as a prominent factor contributing to wellbore integrity failures and well shutdowns within the context of shale oil development. Given the limited natural energy reservoirs of shale oil formations, it becomes necessary to supplement the reservoir’s energy during the development process. Furthermore, shale oil exhibits high viscosity and poor flowability, and conventional water injection methods yield limited efficacy. This situation can induce significant shifts in the stress field and rock mechanical parameters, potentially activating specific formations and complicating the load dynamics on the casing. Consequently, the risk of failure increases. In light of these considerations, this study uses numerical simulations to study the integrity of high-temperature injection and production wellbores in shale oil and aims to encompass a comprehensive evaluation and analysis of the principal factors that influence casing damage, the fluctuations in thermal stress, and the yield strength of various steel grades of casings exposed to alternating stress conditions. Subsequently, this paper developed a model for simulating the temperature and pressure within shale oil and steam injection wellbores to support engineering design analysis. The research results indicate that the application of pre-stress results in a significant increase in stress at the casing pipe head while causing a noticeable decrease in stress within the pipe wall. When N80 casing is used, the entire casing experiences thermal stresses surpassing the casing’s yield limit. Stress concentration may arise at both ends of the external seal, potentially leading to casing contraction, shear failure, and, under non-uniform stress conditions, casing bending deformation. The temperature of steam injection significantly influences the temperature field of the casing wall, with stress values experiencing a marked reduction when the steam injection temperature decreases from 350 °C to 200 °C, underscoring the substantial impact of temperature on casing thermal stress. As the steam injection process advances along with injection-production cycles, shear stresses at the interface can exceed the bond strength, resulting in relative slippage between the cement and the casing. The bonding force between the wellbore and the cement primarily depends on the interface’s friction, particularly in the context of friction during wellhead lifting. This study endeavors to determine rational injection and production parameters under varying conditions, optimize completion methods, reduce casing damage, and extend the casing’s operational life; it aims to offer critical technical support for the safe and efficient development of shale oil resources.

Intermittent therapy with helicase-primase inhibitor IM-250 efficiently controls recurrent herpes disease and reduces reactivation of latent HSV

Herpes is a contagious life-long infection with persistently high incidence and prevalence, causing significant disease worldwide. Current therapies have efficacy against active HSV infections but no impact on the latent viral reservoir in neurons. Thus, despite treatment, disease recurs from latency and the infectious potential remains unaffected within patients.Here, efficacy of the helicase-primase inhibitor (HPI) IM-250 against chronic neuronal HSV infections utilizing two classic herpes in vivo latency/reactivation animal models (intravaginal guinea pig HSV-2 infection model and ocular mouse HSV-1 infection model) is presented. Intermittent therapy of infected animals with 4–7 cycles of IM-250 during latency silences subsequent recurrences analyzed up to 6 months. In contrast to common experience, our studies show that the latent reservoir is indeed accessible to antiviral therapy altering the latent viral reservoir such that reactivation frequency can be reduced significantly by prior IM-250 treatment.We provide evidence that antiviral treatment during HSV latency can reduce future reactivation from the latent reservoir, supporting a conceptual shift in the antiviral field, and reframing what is achievable with respect to therapy of latent neuronal HSV infections.

Temperature Dependence of Magnetization Dynamics in Co/IrMn and Co/FeMn Exchange Biased Structures

Thin film ferromagnet/antiferromagnet (F/AF) exchange biased structures that are widely used in GMR spin valves are considered nowadays as promising systems for antiferromagnetic spintronic and spin-orbitronic devices. Here, the temperature dependences of magnetization dynamics in Co/IrMn and Co/FeMn F/AF structures are investigated using ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) in comparison to a free Co layer. A strong additional decrease in the resonance field was observed in Co/IrMn with a temperature decrease attributed to the rotatable anisotropy increase, which almost vanished at room temperature. In contrast to Co/IrMn, the contribution of the rotatable anisotropy in Co/FeMn is much weaker, even though it exists at RT, it is negative, and slightly varies with the temperature and resonance field shift in Co/FeMn. This is mainly due to unidirectional exchange anisotropy. FMR linewidth for the free Co layer increases with decreasing temperature and is accompanied with a slow relaxation process, while the additional contribution to FMR line broadening in Co/IrMn and Co/FeMn structures is correlated with variation in the exchange anisotropy. The observed results are discussed based on structural and surface morphology and magnetization reversal characterization using X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry data.

СЕМАНТИКА И ПРАГМАТИКА СОВРЕМЕННЫХ МЕДИА В АСПЕКТЕ МАНИПУЛЯТИВНОГО ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ НА ПОКОЛЕНИЕ Z

Pragmalinguistic analysis of media texts with a destructive component (violence, suicide, revenge, reprisals) is presented. A feature of the media content under study is: 1) the presence of a digital communicator – a digital platform (blog, messenger, social network, video, etc.) for broadcasting and replicating the communication process by the participants themselves (representatives of generation Z); 2) the place and role of a digital communicator in the implementation of a given destructive behavioral model. The transformation of axiosphere was revealed: there were axiological shifts in the conceptual field "LIFE-DEATH". Due to it we were able to identify the potential activity of the destructive vector of the homo digitalis behavioral model. The "axiologeme" is interpreted by us as a speech signal of hidden influence. In the text it acts as a lexical unit with code evaluation, which forms positive, neutral or negative associations: death (negative in psychological and emotional terms; neutral (logical conclusion of the life way) from the point of view of Christian morality in objective reality, neutral in virtual reality, as it is possible to reboot and positive (receiving bonuses: likes, discussions, comments). The development of influence plans ("positive-approving, neutral-indifferent or negativedisapproving") for the described events allowed us to identify the author's assessment of the media text with a destructive component. Positive-approving plan – 36.4%, negative-disapproving - 46.1%, and neutral-indifferent – 18.5%. These data reflect the prospects for the preservation/non-preservation of the axiosphere of Russian linguaculture.

Peak effects induced by particle irradiations in 2H-NbSe2

Various peak effects in 2H-NbSe2 single crystals induced by particle irradiations were studied. 3 MeV proton irradiation magnified the peak effect induced by order–disorder (O-DO) transition of vortices, where the peak field shifts from high fields to low fields with increasing irradiation dose. For the peak effect in NbSe with splayed columnar defects (CDs), as the splayed angle increases, peak field gradually shifts from high fields to low fields. Numerical calculations have been conducted to investigate the mechanism of the peak effect. The calculated results exhibit excellent agreement with experimental observations. Analyses of field dependence of J reveal the formation of non-uniform J flow with increasing splayed angle, which plays a crucial role in inducing the self-field peak effect in superconductors with splayed CDs. In samples with symmetric splayed CDs with respect to the c-axis generated by 800 MeV Xe and 320 MeV Au ions, coexistence of O-DO transition-induced peak effect and self-field peak effect was observed. In the case of 320 MeV Au irradiated samples, when the splay angle is small, the two peak effects transform into a broad peak, which has similarity to the anomalous peak effect observed in iron-based superconductors. Interestingly, the broad anomalous peak effect is strongly suppressed when the external magnetic field is applied parallel to one of splayed CDs.

Spike-timing dependent plasticity partially compensates for neural delays in a multi-layered network of motion-sensitive neurons.

The ability of the brain to represent the external world in real-time is impacted by the fact that neural processing takes time. Because neural delays accumulate as information progresses through the visual system, representations encoded at each hierarchical level are based upon input that is progressively outdated with respect to the external world. This 'representational lag' is particularly relevant to the task of localizing a moving object-because the object's location changes with time, neural representations of its location potentially lag behind its true location. Converging evidence suggests that the brain has evolved mechanisms that allow it to compensate for its inherent delays by extrapolating the position of moving objects along their trajectory. We have previously shown how spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP) can achieve motion extrapolation in a two-layer, feedforward network of velocity-tuned neurons, by shifting the receptive fields of second layer neurons in the opposite direction to a moving stimulus. The current study extends this work by implementing two important changes to the network to bring it more into line with biology: we expanded the network to multiple layers to reflect the depth of the visual hierarchy, and we implemented more realistic synaptic time-courses. We investigate the accumulation of STDP-driven receptive field shifts across several layers, observing a velocity-dependent reduction in representational lag. These results highlight the role of STDP, operating purely along the feedforward pathway, as a developmental strategy for delay compensation.

Practical Guideline on Dealing with Transgender Patients in Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatient Settings

Practical Guideline on Dealing with Transgender Patients in Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatient Settings Abstract: The guideline provided by the Federal Association of Leading Medical Directors for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry offers a framework for dealing with transgender patients in child and adolescent psychiatric clinics. It addresses the clinical challenges arising from the significant increase in transgender patients and the paradigm shift in the medical field. The guideline includes recommendations for dealing with transgender patients in various settings. Key treatment principles comprise adopting a destigmatizing approach, using preferred names and pronouns, accommodating individual room assignments, and considering relevant comorbidities. Only experienced medical doctors and psychotherapists should carry out diagnosis and treatment. The goals for supporting adolescents with gender dysphoria include promoting self-acceptance, addressing negative emotions, facilitating social integration, and fostering identity development.

Modeling the Magnetoelectric Composites in a Wide Frequency Range.

This article presents a general theory of the ME effect in composites in the low- and high-frequency ranges. Besides the quasi-static region, the area of electromechanical resonance, including longitudinal, bending, longitudinal shear, and torsional modes, is considered in more detail. To demonstrate the theory, expressions of ME voltage coefficients are obtained for symmetric and asymmetric layered structures. A comparison is made with the experimental results for the GaAs/Metglas and LiNbO3/Metglas structures. The main microwave ME effect, consisting of the FMR line shift in an electric field, for the ferromagnetic metals, their alloys, and YIG ferrite using various piezoelectrics is discussed. In addition to analytical calculations, in the article, finite element modeling is considered. The calculation methods and experimental results are compared for some composites.

Isotope-Shift Measurement of Bosonic Yb+ Ions

We present a method that the atomic transition frequency measurement relies on the accurate wavemeter, optical frequency comb and stable Fabry–Pérot cavity to precise determination of stable even isotope shift on single Yb+ ion (A = 168, 170, 172, 174, 176). The 6s 2 S 1/2 ↔ 6p 2 P 1/2 and 5d 2 D 3/2 ↔ 6s 3[3/2]1/2 resonance dipole transition frequencies are preliminarily measured by using a wavemeter which is calibrated by the 729 nm clock laser of 40Ca+. Meanwhile, those frequencies are double checked by using optical frequency comb for correction of deviation. Ultimately, by changing frequency locking points at an ultralow expansion cavity more slightly and monitoring the corresponding atomic fluorescence changing with 17%, we finally improve the resonant frequency uncertainty to ±6 MHz, which is one order of improvement in precision higher than previously published measurements on the same transitions. A King-plot analysis with sensitivity to coupling between electrons and neutrons is carried out to determine the field and mass shift constants. Our measurement combined with existing or future isotope shift measurements can be used to determine basic properties of atomic nuclei, and to test new forces beyond the Standard Model.

Coding Therapeutic Nucleic Acids from Recombinant Proteins to Next-Generation Vaccines: Current Uses, Limitations, and Future Horizons.

This study aims to highlight the potential use of cTNAs in therapeutic applications. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant use of coding therapeutic nucleic acids (cTNAs) in terms of DNA and mRNA in the development of vaccines. The use of cTNAs resulted in a paradigm shift in the therapeutic field. However, the injection of DNA or mRNA into the human body transforms cells into biological factories to produce the necessary proteins. Despite the success of cTNAs in the production of corona vaccines, they have several limitations such as instability, inability to cross biomembranes, immunogenicity, and the possibility of integration into the human genome. The chemical modification and utilization of smart drug delivery cargoes resolve cTNAs therapeutic problems. The success of cTNAs in corona vaccine production provides perspective for the eradication of influenza viruses, Zika virus, HIV, respiratory syncytial virus, Ebola virus, malaria, and future pandemics by quick vaccine design. Moreover, the progress cTNAs technology is promising for the development of therapy for genetic disease, cancer therapy, and currently incurable diseases.