Shift Paradigm Research Articles

A Shifting Paradigm in Diagnosis and Management of Hepatic Adenoma.

New insights into molecular pathogenesis of hepatocellular adenomas (HCA) have allowed sub-classification based on distinct genetic alterations and a fresh look at characterizations of natural history. Clinically, this is important in understanding risk factors for two feared complications: malignant transformation and hemorrhage. PubMed literature search for hepatocellular adenoma over all years, excluding case reports and articles focusing on multiple adenomas or adenomatosis. The β-catenin exon 3 mutated HCA accounts for about 10% of all HCAs and is associated with the highest risk of malignant transformation. The HF1α subtype accounts for 30-40% of all HCAs and has the lowest risk of malignant transformation. Gender has also emerged as an increasingly important risk factor and males with HCA are at considerably higher risk of malignant transformation, regardless of tumor size. The increasing use of gadoxetic-enhanced MRI has allowed for improved differentiation of HCAs from focal nodular hyperplasia, as well as the identification of specific radiologic features of some subtypes, particularly the inflammatory and HF1α HCAs. Classification of HCA by subtype has important implications for patient counseling and treatment given variable risks of malignant transformation and hemorrhage. Males and those with β-catenin exon 3 mutated HCAs are two groups who should always be counselled to undergo surgical resection. On the other hand, in the lower risk HF1α subtype observation is appropriate in lesions <5cm and may even be considered in larger lesions as longer follow-up data is aggregated and tumorigenesis is better understood.

Assessment of Stress Effects on Cognitive Flexibility using an Operant Strategy Shifting Paradigm.

Stress affects cognitive function. Whether stress enhances or impairs cognitive function depends on several factors, including the 1) type, intensity, and duration of the stressor; 2) type of cognitive function under study; and 3) timing of the stressor in relation to learning or executing the cognitive task. Furthermore, sex differences among the effects of stress on cognitive function have been widely documented. Described here is an adaptation of an automated operant strategy shifting paradigm to assess how variations in stress affect cognitive flexibility in male and female Sprague Dawley rats. Specifically, restraint stress is used before or after training in this operant-based task to examine how stress affects cognitive performance in both sexes. Particular brain areas associated with each task in this automated paradigm have been well-established (i.e., the medial prefrontal cortex and orbitofrontal cortex). This allows for targeted manipulations during the experiment or the assessment of particular genes and proteins in these regions upon completion of the paradigm. This paradigm also allows for the detection of different types of performance errors that occur after stress, each of which has defined neural substrates. Also identified are distinct sex differences in perseverative errors after a repeated restraint stress paradigm. The use of these techniques in a preclinical model may reveal how stress affects the brain and impairs cognition in psychiatric disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD), which display marked sex differences in prevalence.

Assessment of Stress Effects on Cognitive Flexibility using an Operant Strategy Shifting Paradigm

Assessment of Stress Effects on Cognitive Flexibility using an Operant Strategy Shifting Paradigm

The Shift Paradigm of the Death Penalty in the Draft Criminal Code

This study aims to determine the concept of the death penalty in the future Indonesian criminal law. The method used is a normative research method. The approaches in this research are the statute approach, conceptual approach, historical approach, and comparative approach. The conclusion based on the results of the research, the death penalty in the Draft of the Penal Code is no longer a primary punishment but has separate rules. The provisions of the death penalty in the Draft Penal Code is particular and as an alternative punishment. The purpose of this death penalty provision includes giving broader consideration for judges in giving decisions as not arbitrary towards the convicted; give more attention to the objectives of the punishment. Additionally, the provision advocates the death penalty as a last resort in protecting the community, as the judges shall look for other punishment as an alternative to the death penalty. The Draft of the Criminal Code bases on Neo-Classical school of thought, which maintains a balance between objective factors (actions/outward) and subjective factors (people/ inner/inner attitudes).

Behavioral effects in adult rats exposed to low doses of a phthalate mixture during the perinatal or adolescent period

Hormones influence neurodevelopment which can result in vulnerability to endocrine disruptors such as phthalates during both the perinatal period and adolescence. Using a rat model, we have previously shown that perinatal exposure to an environmentally relevant phthalate mixture at low doses results in cognitive flexibility deficits in adults and a reduction in neuron and synapse number within the medial prefrontal cortex. Here, we further examined the behavioral effects of exposure to an environmentally relevant mixture of phthalates at low doses during either perinatal development or adolescence. Using the elevated plus maze, adult females, not males, exposed to phthalates during adolescence showed indications of reduced anxiety-like behavior while perinatal exposed animals were unaffected. There was no effect of adolescent phthalate exposure on cognitive flexibility using the attentional set shift paradigm in either sex, unlike the impairments we have previously reported following perinatal exposure (Kougias et al., 2018b). Finally, there was no effect of phthalate exposure during either time frame on sensorimotor gating measured using prepulse inhibition. Environmentally relevant phthalate exposure during the perinatal period or during adolescence did not induce widespread changes in the adult behaviors measured here.

All Feet on Deck: The Role of Podiatry During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Preventing Hospitalizations in an Overburdened Health-Care System, Reducing Amputation and Death in People with Diabetes.

The coronavirus disease of 2019 pandemic is driving significant change in the health-care system and disrupting the best practices for diabetic limb preservation, leaving large numbers of patients without care. Patients with diabetes and foot ulcers are at increased risk for infections, hospitalization, amputations, and death. Podiatric care is associated with fewer diabetes-related amputations, emergency room visits, hospitalizations, length-of-stay, and costs. However, podiatrists must mobilize and adopt the new paradigm of shifts away from hospital care to community-based care. Implementing the proposed Pandemic Diabetic Foot Triage System, in-home visits, higher acuity office visits, telemedicine, and remote patient monitoring can help podiatrists manage patients while reducing the coronavirus disease of 2019 risk. The goal of podiatrists during the pandemic is to reduce the burden on the health-care system by keeping diabetic foot and wound patients safe, functional, and at home.

Ethnographic Reviews

Books reviewed in this issue.An Anthropology of Anthropology: Is it Time to Shift Paradigms? Robert Borofsky.

Istibdal Wakaf Saham pada Tabung Wakaf Indoesia: Legalitas dan Dampaknya

The grand conclusion of this dissertation is the more contextual the qiyiis the more beneficial it is for the people. In line with that, there is a shift paradigm from "habs al-esl" (maintaining the immortality of the wakaf object ) to a pradigm of "tasbil al- thamsreli” (preservance and development of the benefit of waqf) which opens the path selectively to the istibdal of waqf objects to be relevant with the share waqf management at present time.The finding is that in practice of istibdal in Tabung Wakaf Indonesia (TWI), the tendency of to use of the Hanafi understanding in the context of the continuing exclusion of qadi (judge/government) for having their associated sigh at of wakif istibdal in relation with process can be done by Nazhir. In addition, in the context of replacing old waqf object (shares) with a new waqf objects that are not similar (parking lot behind the financing and other waqf stock name) is based on the principles of the Hanbali Islamic school. This type of research is qualitative through field study and library research. In conducting this research, the author analyzes the sociolegal approach (socio legal research).

Epistemology of Thomas S. Kuhn’s Shifting Paradigm and Its Relevance to Islamic Science

This article aims to explain the epistemology of Thomas S. Kuhn's concept of Shifting Paradigm (1922-1996), a postmodernist with its philosophical, physical, and historical expertise, and the relevance of his thinking in Islamic science. The research is a qualitative study using the epistemological point of view to analyze. Kuhn’s view on the Shifting Paradigm is analyzed based on the important points in the epistemology: the source and substance of knowledge; the instrument of knowledge; how to acquire knowledge; the theory of truth; and the validation of the truth of knowledge. The study finds that, first, the source and substance of science is the history of science. Second, the instrument of knowledge is the paradigm of science. Third, knowledge is acquired from the shifting process from the pre paradigm, normal science, anomalies, crises, to a new paradigm. Fourth, normal science is the theory of the truth. Fifth, the anomaly becomes the validation of the truth. Kuhn’s thinking of the Shifting Paradigm is relevant to Islamic science because it can be used as a method to explain the transformation of Islamic science. This paper is vital in discussing the relevance of Kuhn’s thinking to Islamic science. Despite many significant numbers of text on Kuhn's thinking, researchers have not found a text that especially discusses on the epistemology of the Kuhn’s conception of Shifting Paradigme and point out its relevance to the transformation of Islamic science.

The 'anti-shift': Shifting attention opposite to a saccade

The eyes usually shift with attention, but is this connection necessary? We tested whether saccades can be de-coupled from endogenous attention shifts by comparing pro-shifts, in which they move together, to anti-shifts in which attention is tasked to shift in one direction while the eyes saccade in the opposite direction. Saccade latency was measured by an eye tracker. The attention shift latency was derived using the RSVP 'attention shift paradigm' of Reeves and Sperling (1986), in which attention shifts from a target embedded in a stream of letters to a stream of numerals, of which the first four are to be noted. Initially, anti-shifts were impossible; either the eye or attention shifted first. But after 10 h of practice, five of the six adult subjects learnt how to execute saccades, shift attention, and retain numerals, almost equally well whether performing anti-shifts or pro-shifts. The results imply that brain structures such as the frontal eye fields do not inevitably yoke fixational and attentional movements together.

Early English Performance: Medieval Plays and Robin Hood Games, Shifting Paradigms in Early English Drama Studies by John Marshall

Early English Performance: Medieval Plays and Robin Hood Games, Shifting Paradigms in Early English Drama Studies by John Marshall

THE SHIFTING PARADIGM OF ASWAJA AN-NAHDLIYYAH EPISTEMOLOGY IN POSTMODERN ERA

The Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) are important parts that greatly value the inheritance of the classical Islamic treasures contained in the work of the Imam Mazhab . Its wealth of sources of understanding, NU has its own uniqueway of responding to reform, while maintaining harmony in tradition and cultural heritage, moderate, tolerant, not extreme, as well as promoting goodness and preventing badness. This paper examines the positioning of NU and its relation to Ahlussunnah wa al-Jama‘ah ( Aswaja ) based on the social context that accompanies it and the actors involved in it. There are three locus, places, or cultural fields that have important significance because they are a source of discourse, ideas and practices of mazhab in contemporary NU communities: Pesantren , Islamic College (PTKI) and Non-Governmental Organization (NGO). This paper uses three approaches: Thomas Kuhn’s Shifting Paradigm, Karl Manheim’s Sociology of Knowledge and Abed al-Jabiri’s Epistemology are used to study knowledge that is not only the result of theory, but also part of the process of sociology and epistemology. The results show that the majority of Pesantren when understanding and interpreting Aswaja An-Nahdliyyah are heavier and dominant based on Bayani and Irfani . Whereas the scholar of NU and NGOs that had been Bayani and Irfani shifted to Burhani’s epistemological model. In other words, methodologically they want a change in understanding Aswaja from qauli to manhaji , Bayani-Irfani to Burhani ,monolithic-dichotomic to integrative-progressive.

A PARADIGM SHIFT OF “ASWAJA AN-NAHDLIYYAH”

Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) constitutes an important link to the genealogy of Islamic thoughts since inheriting intellectual tradition of classical Muslim scholars. This position delivers a unique approach as to which the NU responds to the changes and reformation of Islamic thoughts. This paper discusses the epistemological position of NU in its relation to the Sunni-theology of Ahlussunnah wa al-Jama‘ah (Aswaja) through examining social relevance and actors-oriented approaches. The article further argues the significant of three cultural fields relevant to better comprehend contemporary dynamics of the NU: namely Pesantrens, Islamic Colleges (PTKI) and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO). Combining three approaches of Thomas Kuhn’s Shifting Paradigm, Karl Manheim’s Sociology of Knowledge and Abed al-Jabiri’s Epistemology, the article unveils the dynamics of a shifting paradigm of Islamic thought practiced within these three cultural fields of the NU. Pesantren’s interpretation of Aswaja An-Nahdliyyah is thick, based on Bayani and Irfani. However, the scholars of NU and NGO activists are shifting in progress into Burhani’s epistemological model. In other words, methodologically they aspire to change in understanding Aswaja from qauli to manhaji, from Bayani-Irfani to Burhani, and from monolithic-dichotomic to integrative-progressive.

Opening Statements: Theme Singing and Shifting Paradigms for Voicing Feminine Subjectivities as Television Music

This article argues that more scholarly attention should be paid to women’s contributions to the practice of “theme singing,” or the textual and industrial practices of using vocalists as sonic proxies for television characters by articulating programs’ thematic concerns and embodying their tonal dimension in television shows’ credit sequences and soundtracks. Though vulnerable to muting and time shifting, female recording artists—and black women in particular—have always been a fixture of US television production by helping build televisual worlds as theme singers. These professionals help cultivate television programs’ aural sensibilities by literally giving voice to a show’s premise and, in so doing, raise the volume on women’s place in television storytelling as otherwise marginalized subjects. This essay identifies three different types of theme singing that are especially common in television storytelling: theme singing as declaration of selfhood, theme singing as expression of kinship, and theme singing as assertion of community. Further, it analyzes Solange’s and SZA’s involvement with Insecure (HBO, 2016–) as music consultant and soundtrack contributor, respectively, to identify an emerging pattern within contemporary television production of shifting the tonal and thematic properties of theme singing onto licensing by dispensing with original theme music altogether while potentially amplifying more women’s voices as source music.

Aspek Digital Marketing bagi Kemajuan Disc Jockey

This study aimed to find out the Evaluation of Marketing Strategies for Shift Paradigm. The method used in this research was a qualitative method. Research subjects involved 7 consumers, Shift Paradigm members, expert marketing, and lecturers EP6. This study found Paradigma Shift’s marketing strategy was not effective. Using digital marketing was recommended to maximize marketing strategies for Shift Paradigm. In addition to a digital marketing, involving event planner and promoter were also recommended to reach the marketing targets of the shift paradigm. The results of this study are expected to serve as review materials for the Evaluation of Marketing Strategies for Shift Paradigm and other Disc Jockey Management.

Distributed Resources Shift Paradigms on Power System Design, Planning, and Operation: An Application of the GAP Model

Power systems have evolved following a century-old paradigm of planning and operating a grid based on large central generation plants connected to load centers through a transmission grid and distribution lines with radial flows. This paradigm is being challenged by the development and diffusion of modular generation and storage technologies. We use a novel approach to assess the sequencing and pacing of centralized, distributed, and off-grid electrification strategies by developing and employing the grid and access planning (GAP) model. GAP is a capacity expansion model to jointly assess operation and investment in utility-scale generation, transmission, distribution, and demand-side resources. This paper conceptually studies the investment and operation decisions for a power system with and without distributed resources. Contrary to the current practice, we find hybrid systems that pair grid connections with distributed energy resources (DERs) are the preferred mode of electricity supply for greenfield expansion under conservative reductions in photovoltaic panel (PV) and energy storage prices. We also find that when distributed PV and storage are employed in power system expansion, there are savings of 15%–20% mostly in capital deferment and reduced diesel use. Results show that enhanced financing mechanisms for DER PV and storage could enable 50%–60% of additional deployment and save 15 $/MWh in system costs. These results have important implications to reform current utility business models in developed power systems and to guide the development of electrification strategies in underdeveloped grids.

Coplanar waveguide techno TEMPO Oxidized Thermomechanical Pulp-Based Microwave Humidity Sensor

The thermomechanical pulp (TMP) is a product of lignocellulosic biomass. This article investigates TEMPO oxidized TMP (TO-TMP) as an ecofriendly, low-cost, and highly sensitive dielectric material for humidity sensing applications. The TEMPO oxidation was used to increase the water absorption of TMP while overcoming the adverse hydrophobic effects imparted from lignin. The physical and the dielectric effects of TEMPO oxidation on a TMP sheet having a carboxyl rate of 80 mmol/kg were studied. An experimental validation with an original sensing scheme in frequency shift paradigm involving a microwave resonator in coplanar waveguide technology was proposed. In the 52%–75.3%RH range, the sensitivity rose from 7.76 MHz/%R to 9.04 MHz/%RH after the TEMPO oxidation increased the carboxyl content to 1164 mmol/kg, and to 12.1 MHz/%RH when the carboxyl content was enhanced up to 2233 mmol/kg. The effects of the TEMPO oxidation degree and the thickness variation are also studied.

Pergeseran Paradigma Tafsir Al-Quran: Analisis Terhadap Tafsir Feminis di Indonesia

The interpretation of the qur’an experienced significant development from the classical to the contemporary era. Shift paradigm is a change in the interpretation paradigm used by classical to contemporary commentators. The methods and approaches used by commentators are not stagnant in one understanding but experience real progress. It can be seen from the ijmali method to the hermeneutic method that is often used by contemporary commentators to interpret the verses of the qur’an. By using the literature method and content analysis, this study explains how changes in interpretation from classical to contemporary focus on feminist approaches. Feminist understanding which is increasingly known in the last century wants the position of equality between men and women or can be called by freeing women from understandings that marginalize women's positions.

Homosexuality Legalization in Arab Countries: A Shifting Paradigm or a Wake-up Call

The study reported how the Arab world perceived homosexuality criminalization and decriminalization in opposition or in alignment with approaches determined in the pre and post-colonial eras in different European and American countries. The focus of the article was to explore the foundations of both homosexuality and anti-homosexuality legislation along with the historical background of the homosexuality issue. The study employed a meta-analysis of studies on homosexuality criminalization and decriminalization starting with the colonial period through the modern era. The methodology employed scientific literature in the analysis to make the study representative and not a priori stigmatizing. The analysis revolved around close readings of precolonial and postcolonial documents. The study looked at the historical evidence indicating the impact of imperial history on homosexuality as based on the dataset of 185 countries. The findings of the study underscored that the question of criminalizing or decriminalizing homosexuality in Arab countries remains debatable due to conflicting views of modernity on one hand and religious and cultural constraints on the other hand.

The concept of authorship and inventorship under pressure: Does artificial intelligence shift paradigms?

The concept of authorship and inventorship under pressure: Does artificial intelligence shift paradigms?