Rotational Shift Research Articles

Salivary Biomarkers Analysis and Neurobehavioral Assessment in Nurses Working Rotation Shifts: A Pilot Study

Currently, about one in five workers is employed in night shift work in Europe. Shift work including nighttime hours is essential in several activities, especially the healthcare sector. Importantly, night working may be associated with the occurrence of sleep disorders or work-related stress, both potentially augmenting the risk of errors and accidents at work. This study aims to examine the presence of neurobehavioral alterations that can be a consequence of shift working and concurrent misalignment of the sleep times and circadian rhythms. Nurses (n = 102) employed at a University Hospital located in North-Eastern Sicily, Italy, voluntarily participated in this pilot study. During medical surveillance, morning and evening salivary samples were collected, and seven psychodiagnostics questionnaires were administered to all the subjects. On one hand, the salivary levels of stress-related biomarkers (cortisol and alpha-amylase) and a circadian biomarker (melatonin) were evaluated. On the other hand, several neurobehavioral features were assessed, including depression, anxiety, work-related, and sleep issues. Interestingly, a positive relationship between salivary morning cortisol and depression scale, as well as a negative relationship between salivary morning alpha-amylase and work ability scale, were observed. Based on these results, the integration of subjective questionnaire outcomes and objective salivary biomarker quantification can help to identify workers with increased susceptibility to developing neurobehavioral alterations. This approach may contribute to ameliorating preventive strategies towards sensitive categories, such as nurses working rotation shifts.

Hydrodynamics of dipole-conserving fluids.

Dipole-conserving fluids serve as examples of kinematically constrained systems that can be understood on the basis of symmetry. They are known to display various exotic features including glassylike dynamics, subdiffusive transport, and immobile excitations' dubbed fractons. Unfortunately, such systems have so far escaped a complete macroscopic formulation as viscous fluids. In this work, we construct a consistent hydrodynamic description for fluids invariant under translation, rotation, and dipole shift symmetry. We use symmetry principles to formulate a thermodynamic theory for dipole-conserving systems at equilibrium and apply irreversible thermodynamics in order to elucidate dissipative effects. Remarkably, we find that the inclusion of the energy conservation not only renders the longitudinal modes diffusive rather than subdiffusive but also diffusion is present even at the lowest order in the derivative expansion. This work paves the way towards an effective description of many-body systems with constrained dynamics such as ensembles of topological defects, fracton phases of matter, and certain models of glasses.

Publisher's Note: “Observation of the rotational Doppler shift of a spinning object based on an acoustic vortex with a Fresnel-spiral zone plate” [J. Appl. Phys. 133, 114502 (2023)

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Observation of the rotational Doppler shift of a spinning object based on an acoustic vortex with a Fresnel-spiral zone plate

It has been demonstrated that sound waves carrying orbital angular momentum undergo frequency modulation after being reflected by a rotating object. In this paper, we, observed the rotational Doppler shift phenomenon of the acoustic vortex in an underwater environment by using a Fresnel-spiral zone plate for the construction of the focused acoustic vortex with controllable topological charge. The positive and negative rotation speeds of the spinning object are precisely determined with the rotational frequency shift and the acoustic vortex's topological charge. The rotational Doppler effect of acoustic vortex provides a possibility to improve the detection and recognition accuracy of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles with propellers.

Computational Ghost Rotational Doppler Metrology

We present a scheme for measuring a rotational Doppler frequency shift with only a single-shot measurement. Our protocol benefits from the combination of computational temporal ghost imaging and heterodyne detection of the rotational Doppler effect. Specifically, by multiplexing a series of elaborately designed ring-shaped spatial patterns, we map the temporal rotational Doppler signal into the spatial domain and thus can collect the Doppler signal with a camera in a single-shot exposure. Then, by calculating intensity correlations between the resulting elaborate spatial patterns and the image captured by the camera, we reconstruct the temporal Doppler signal. In our experiments, we succeed in demonstrating fairly good performance for measuring the angular velocity of a real spinning object with a rough surface. Our scheme could find potential applications in remote sensing and could also inspire more attempts to develop protocols for temporal detection and processing on the basis of space-time duality.

Theoretical analysis of the optical rotational Doppler effect under atmospheric turbulence by mode decomposition

The optical rotational Doppler effect associated with orbital angular momentum provides a new means for rotational velocity detection. In this paper, we investigate the influence of atmospheric turbulence on the rotational Doppler effect. First, we deduce the generalized formula of the rotational Doppler shift in atmospheric turbulence by mode decomposition. It is found that the rotational Doppler signal frequency spectrum will be broadened, and the bandwidth is related to the turbulence intensity. In addition, as the propagation distance increases, the bandwidth also increases. And when m−2/3 and 2z ≤ 2 km, the rotational Doppler signal frequency spectrum width d and the spiral spectrum width d 0 satisfy the relationship d = 2d 0–1. Finally, we analyze the influence of mode crosstalk on the rotational Doppler effect, and the results show that it destroys the symmetrical distribution of the rotational Doppler spectrum about 2l⋅Ω/2π. This theoretical model enables us to better understand the generation of the rotational Doppler frequency and may help us better analyze the influence of the complex atmospheric environment on the rotational Doppler frequency.

Parameter identification of Sub-synchronous/Super-synchronous oscillations based on synchrophasor rotation and spectral shift

Benefiting from the advantage of a unified time scale of measurement data from different sites, the sub-synchronous oscillation (sub-SO) and super-synchronous oscillation (super-SO) detection and mode parameter identification based on a wide-area measurement system can be applied to analyze the development process of oscillation. The phasor measurement units report rate constrains the existing methods, indicating that they can only identify the sub-SO parameters and cannot be extended to super-SO. This study proposes a novel method for sub-SO and super-SO detection and parameter identification based on synchrophasor rotation characteristics and spectral shift. Analyzing the spectral superposition of sub-SO and super-SO components in the real part of the synchrophasor is crucial for realizing sub-SO and super-SO detection. Subsequently, the fundamental, sub-SO, and super-SO components in the synchrophasor are decoupled using the rotational characteristics of the synchrophasor to identify parameters accurately. Compared with the existing methods, the proposed method can realize the expansion of the parameter identification range to super-SO. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulation and practical engineering cases.

Dietary Patterns under the Influence of Rotational Shift Work Schedules: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Workers employed in rotating shift schedules are at a higher metabolic risk compared with those in regular day and fixed shift schedules; however, the contribution of diet is unclear. This systematic review aimed to investigate how rotating shift work schedules affect dietary energy intake and dietary patterns compared with regular day and fixed shift schedules. In addition, intraperson energy intake and dietary pattern comparisons within rotating shift schedules were investigated. Database searches were conducted on MEDLINE, Cochrane, CINAHL, PSYCinfo, EMBASE, and Scopus, in addition to manual search of bibliographic references, to identify articles. Two separate meta-analyses compared dietary intake between day work and rotating shift work schedules and within the rotational shift work group (morning/day and night shifts). Differences in dietary patterns were synthesized narratively. Thirty-one studies (n = 18,196 participants) were included in the review, and meta-analyses were conducted with 24-hour mean energy intake data from 18 (n = 16,633 participants) and 7 (n = 327 participants) studies, respectively. The average 24-hour energy intake of rotating shift workers was significantly higher than that of workers in regular daytime schedules [weighted mean difference (WMD): 264 kJ; 95% confidence interval (CI): 70, 458 kJ; P < 0.008; I2 = 63%]. However, the mean difference in 24-hour energy intake between morning/day shifts compared with night shifts within rotational shift schedules was not statistically significant (WMD: 101 kJ; 95% CI: -651, 852 kJ; P = 0.79; I2 = 77%). Dietary patterns of rotating shift workers were different from those of day workers, showing irregular and more frequent meals, increased snacking/eating at night, consumption of fewer core foods, and more discretionary foods. This review highlights that dietary intake in rotational shift workers is potentially higher in calories and features different eating patterns as a consequence of rotating shift work schedules. This review was registered at PROSPERO as ID 182507.

A Localization Algorithm Based on Global Descriptor and Dynamic Range Search

The map-based localization method is considered an effective supplement to the localization under the GNSS-denied environment. However, since the map is constituted by the dispersed keyframes, it sometimes happens that the initial position of the unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) lies between the map keyframes or is not on the mapping trajectory. In both cases, it will be impossible to precisely estimate the pose of the vehicle directly via the relationship between the current frame and the map keyframes, leading to localization failure. In this regard, we propose a localization algorithm based on the global descriptor and dynamic range search (LA-GDADRS). In specific, we first design a global descriptor shift and rotation invariant image (SRI), which improves the rotation invariance and shift invariance by the methods of coordinates removal and de-centralization. Secondly, we design a global localization algorithm for shift and rotation invariant branch-and-bound scan matching (SRI-BBS). It first leverages SRI to obtain an approximate priori position of the unmanned vehicle and then utilizes the similarity between the current frame SRI and the map keyframes SRI to select a dynamic search range around the priori position. Within the search range, we leverage the branch-and-bound scanning matching algorithm to search for a more precise pose. It solves the problem that global localization tends to fail when the priori position is imprecise. Moreover, we introduce a tightly coupled factor graph model and a HD map engine to achieve real-time position tracking and lane-level localization, respectively. Finally, we complete extensive ablation experiments and comparative experiments to validate our methods on the benchmark dataset (KITTI) and the real application scenarios at the campus. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our algorithm achieves the performance of mainstream localization algorithms.

HUBUNGAN SHIFT MALAM TERHADAP PENYAKIT REFLUKS GASTROESOFAGUS PADA PERAWAT DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM PUSAT SANGLAH

Gastroesophageal reflux disease is one of the most frequently diagnosed gastrointestinal diseases in the world with a prevalence that continues to increase every year. There are several studies state that night shifts can increase the risk of GERD. One group of workers who often undergo night shift rotation are nurses who work in hospitals. This study aims to determine the correlation between night shift work and gastroesophageal reflux disease among nurses. This study is an analytical study with a cross-sectional design. The data collection technique was carried out by purposive sampling by distributing questionnaires to 161 nurses on duty at Single Hospital which were divided into 85 Inpatient Installation nurses who worked night shifts and 76 Outpatient Nurses who worked morning shifts. This study found a significant correlation between night shift work and gastroesophageal reflux disease (p value = 0.013; Prevalence Ratio = 3; 95% Confidential Interval 1.18-7.84) by the chi square test. Furthermore, by the logistic regression analysis of night shift and GERD, the AOR (Adjusted Odd Ratio) was 3.61 with 95% CI (1.05-12.52) and other variable like age, gender, BMI and fast food consumption habits on GERD did not shown any significant result. There is a significant correlation between night shift work and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Nurses who undergo night shifts have a 3.61 times higher risk of experiencing GERD.&#x0D; Keywords : Night Shift Work, Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, Nurse

Meal timing variability of rotating shift workers throughout a complete shift cycle and its effect on daily energy and macronutrient intake: a field study.

To evaluate the meal timing variability of rotating shift workers throughout a complete shift schedule and its effect on daily energy and macronutrient intake. Thirty male shift-workers from a mining company were evaluated in a complete rotation shift cycle over 240 consecutive hours (10days; two days of morning shifts, two days of evening shifts, 24h free, two days of night shifts and three days off). Food intake related variables [meal timing, energy (kcal) and macronutrient intake (%)] were assessed by 24h recall by a trained nutritionist. Mixed models were used to analyze the variation in meal timing and energy and macronutrient intake throughout the shift cycle, as well as the interaction between shift and time ranges (00:00-03:59, 04:00-07:59, 08:00-11:59, 12:00-15:59, 16:00-19:59, 20:00-23:59). The first meal of the day was earlier on night shifts [D6 (3:44 ± 0:33) and D7 (5:52 ± 0:42)] compared to the other shifts (p < 0.001), except for D4 (evening shift; 5:51 ± 0:47) versus D7 (p = 0.999). Night shifts also showed a shorter night fasting (D5-D6, 9.3h; D6-D7, 9.6h) than most other nights (p < 0.05), except for the fasting between D1-D2 (11.3h) and D3-D4 (11.2h) (p > 0.05). There was no difference in 24h energy intake throughout the shift cycle (p = 0.065). The analysis of interaction between shift and time ranges showed that night shift (D6) presented a higher intake of energy (441.5 ± 48.4kcal), percentage of energy (D6: 17.8 ± 1.8%), fat (17.6 ± 2.0%), carbohydrate (17.0 ± 1.7%) and protein (16.4 ± 1.8%) between 00:00 and 03:59 compared with the other shift days (p < 0.05). Night shifts seem to contribute to a longer eating window than other shifts. Moreover, there is a higher energy and macronutrients intake during night shifts, which reduces the night fast period and could have implications for metabolic dysregulation.

Accuracy and Efficiency of Patient Setup Using Surface Imaging versus Skin Tattoos for Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation

Skin tattoos represent the standard approach for surface alignment and setup of breast cancer radiation therapy, yet permanent skin markings contribute to adverse cosmesis and patient dissatisfaction. With the advent of contemporary surface-imaging technology, we evaluated setup accuracy and timing between "tattoo-less" and traditional tattoo-based setup techniques. Patients receiving accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) underwent traditional tattoo-based setup (TTB), alternating daily with a tattoo-less setup via surface imaging using AlignRT (ART). Following initial setup, position was verified via daily kV imaging, with matching on surgical clips representing ground truth. Translational shifts (TS) and rotational shifts (RS) were ascertained, as were setup time and total in-room time. Statistical analyses used the Wilcoxon signed rank test and Pitman-Morgan variance test. A total of 43 patients receiving APBI and 356 treatment fractions were analyzed (174 TTB fractions and 182 using ART). For tattoo-less setup via ART, the median absolute TS were 0.31 cm in the vertical (range, 0.08-0.82), 0.23 cm in the lateral (0.05-0.86), and 0.26 cm in the longitudinal (0.02-0.72) axes. For TTB setup, the corresponding median TS were 0.34 cm (0.05-1.98), 0.31 cm (0.09-1.84), and 0.34 cm (0.08-1.25), respectively. The median magnitude shifts were 0.59 (0.30-1.31) for ART and 0.80 (0.27-2.13) for TTB. ART was not statistically distinguishable from TTB in terms of TS, except in the longitudinal direction (P=.154, .059, and .021, respectively), and was superior to TTB for magnitude shift (P < .001). The variance of each TS variable was significantly narrower for ART compared with TTB (P ≤ .001 vertical, P=.001 lateral, P=.005 longitudinal). The median absolute RS for ART was 0.64° rotation (range, 0.00-1.90), 0.65° roll (0.05-2.90), and 0.30° pitch (0.00-1.50). The corresponding median RS for TTB were 0.80° (0.00-2.50), 0.64° (0.00-3.00), and 0.46° (0.00-2.90), respectively. ART setup was not statistically different from TTB in terms of RS (P=.868, .236, and .079, respectively). ART showed lower variance than TTB in terms of pitch (P=.009). The median total in-room time was shorter for ART than TTB (15.42 vs 17.25 minutes; P=.008), as was the median setup time (11.12 vs 13.00 minutes; P=.001). Moreover, ART had a narrower distribution of setup time with fewer lengthy outliers versus TTB. These findings suggest that a tattoo-less setup approach with AlignRT may be sufficiently accurate and expeditious to supplant surface tattoos for patients receiving APBI. Further analyses with larger cohorts will determine whether tattoo-based approaches can be replaced by noninvasive surface imaging.

Enhancing Visual Exploration through Augmented Gaze: High Acceptance of Immersive Virtual Biking by Oldest Olds.

The diffusion of virtual reality applications dedicated to aging urges us to appraise its acceptance by target populations, especially the oldest olds. We investigated whether immersive virtual biking, and specifically a visuomotor manipulation aimed at improving visual exploration (augmented gaze), was well accepted by elders living in assisted residences. Twenty participants (mean age 89.8 years, five males) performed three 9 min virtual biking sessions pedalling on a cycle ergometer while wearing a Head-Mounted Display which immersed them inside a 360-degree pre-recorded biking video. In the second and third sessions, the relationship between horizontal head rotation and contingent visual shift was experimentally manipulated (augmented gaze), the visual shift being twice (gain = 2.0) or thrice (gain = 3.0) the amount of head rotation. User experience, motion sickness and visual exploration were measured. We found (i) very high user experience ratings, regardless of the gain; (ii) no effect of gain on motion sickness; and (iii) increased visual exploration (slope = +46%) and decreased head rotation (slope = -18%) with augmented gaze. The improvement in visual exploration capacity, coupled with the lack of intolerance signs, suggests that augmented gaze can be a valuable tool to improve the "visual usability" of certain virtual reality applications for elders, including the oldest olds.

Potential energy surfaces and bound state calculations for Ne–CO complex: rovibrational spectra and isotope effects

The intermolecular potential energy surfaces (PESs) of Ne–CO complex have been constructed by using the CCSD(T)-F12a method with the aug-cc-pVQZ basis set. These PESs were subsequently applied to investigate the microwave and infrared spectra via bound state calculations. Firstly, compared to the available microwave data, the pure rotational transitions with K = 0 and J ≤ 4 for this complex can be well reproduced. Furthermore, a set of accurate spectroscopic parameters were deduced for the fundamental (v CO = 1) and overtone (v CO = 2) bands. The vibrational shift for the normal isotopologue (Ne–12C16O) was determined to be –0.0683 cm−1, which is in excellent agreement with the experimental observation of –0.0711 cm−1. Isotope effects were also investigated, and the determined rotational constants and vibrational shifts display a fairly good linear relationship, which is classified into two types according to the 12C and 13C in the CO monomer.

On the Galactic Halos Rotation by Planck Data

As galactic halos are not directly visible, there are many ambiguities regarding their composition and rotational velocity. Though most of the dark matter is non-baryonic, some fraction is, and it can be used to trace the halo rotation. Asymmetries in the CMB towards M31 had been seen in the Planck data and ascribed to the rotational Doppler shift of the M31 halo. Subsequently, the same methods were used in the direction of five other galaxies belonging to the Local Group, namely M33, M81, M82, NGC 5128, and NGC 4594. It had been proved that there could be stable clouds of gas and dust in thermal equilibrium with the CMB at 2.7 K, which had been called “virial clouds”. In this paper, adopting this scenerio, an attempt is made to constrain the fraction of dust grains and gas molecules in the clouds.

Association of Low Back Pain with Shift Work: A Meta-Analysis.

Shift work (SW) is the main working schedule worldwide, and it may cause sleep disorders, breast cancer, and cardiovascular disease. Low back pain (LBP) is a common problem in the workplace; however, the association between LBP and SW remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to determine the association between SW and LBP. This study was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases using a set of associated keywords were queried. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) adult employees hired by a company or organization; (2) SW exposure; and (3) the outcome of LBP according to examination or assessment. A total of 40 studies were included that met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. SW was significantly associated with LBP (odds ratio [OR]: 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18−1.47, p < 0.00001). Furthermore, it was observed that LBP was significantly associated with night shift (NS) (OR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.24−1.82, p < 0.0001) but not with rotating shift (RS) (OR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.76−1.22, p = 0.49). Moreover, LBP was significantly associated with SW in health care workers (HCWs) (OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.20−1.63, p < 0.0001) but not in non-HCWs (OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 0.94−1.50, p = 0.14). SW was significantly associated with LBP. Furthermore, the subgroup analysis showed that NS, but not RS, was associated with LBP. Compared with SW in non-HCWs, SW in HCWs was significantly associated with LBP.

Rotational Doppler shift tripling via third-harmonic generation of spatially structured light in a quasi-periodically poled crystal

The rotational Doppler effect—the angular version of the Doppler effect—shows a frequency shift phenomenon happening when light passes through a rotating object and its angular momentum is changed. The rotational Doppler effect has been widely studied with various light waves based on different angular momentum transform mechanisms and successfully utilized to detect the rotation of objects. However, these studies are mostly limited to linear optics. As the rotational Doppler effect is closely related to the frequency degree of freedom and frequency conversion always happens in nonlinear optics, it is of great significance to explore the rotational Doppler effect in nonlinear optics. Although nonlinear rotational Doppler phenomena have been observed in second-harmonic generation with circularly polarized Gaussian fundamental light and a rotating nonlinear crystal, there is still the open challenge of how to realize Doppler frequency shift conversion (similar to conventional nonlinear frequency conversion), such as doubling or tripling. Here we report the experiment observation of rotational Doppler shift conversion in nonlinear optics. We demonstrate the tripling of a rotational Doppler frequency shift in third-harmonic generation of a spatially structured fundamental wave. Frequency shifts can be extracted from the intensity beating signals with the interference of two components of vector fields with opposite topological charges and the measured modulation frequency of the beating signal for the generated third harmonic. Our results will excite more research on nonlinear optics with spatially structured light, and our method may create opportunities for precision measurement of frequency shifts.

Rotational Set Up Uncertainly in Non-6D Couch and its Effects in Clinical Target Volume- Planning Target Volume Margin Calculation for Different Sites.

The purpose of this study was to estimate and incorporate rotational error to translational error for clinical target volume (CTV) to planning target volume (PTV) margin calculations for non-6D couch. The study involved cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of the patients who already had treatment in Varian Trilogy Clinac. The different sites studied were brain (70 patients, 406 CBCT images), head and neck (72 patients, 356 CBCT images), pelvis (83 patients, 606 CBCT images), and breast (45 patients, 163 CBCT images). Rotational and translational patient shifts were measured with the help of Varian eclipse offline review. The rotational shift introduces translational shift as it resolved along craniocaudal and mediolateral directions. Both rotational and translational error follow normal distribution and their respective errors were used to calculate CTV-PTV margin using van Herk model. Rotational effect on CTV-PTV margin contribution increases with increase in size of CTV. It also increases with increase in distance between center of mass of CTV and isocenter. These margins were more pronounce in single isocenter supraclavicular fossa-Tangential Breast plans. There is always rotational error in all sites and it causes shift and rotation of the target. Rotational contribution to the CTV-PTV margin depends upon geometric center of CTV and isocenter distance and also on size of CTV. CTV-PTV margins should incorporate rotational error along with transitional error.

The impact of rotational shift work schedules on energy intake: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Mitigation of Shift Rotation Effects on Workers’ Health and Sleep Quality in Manufacturing Companies in Latvia

This study aims to analyze the impact of rotating and night shifts on workers’ sleep quality and health. To conduct the study authors use data from foreign and Latvian studies on the effects of shift, night shift, and rotating shift work on workers’ sleep and health; survey data from four manufacturing companies in Latvia and work absence data from one of the surveyed companies. The results of the study indicate that rotating shifts and night work affect the quality of sleep of employees. In turn, poor sleep quality in the long term can result in serious health consequences for the employees involved in shift and night work. Rotating shifts and night work can be a contributing factor to other work environment risks as well as non-work-related health problems. Rotating shifts and night shifts can also be associated with more frequent work absences. Public institutions, employers, and employees need to be involved to reduce the negative impact. To mitigate the negative effects, the authors recommend changes in legislation, health-promoting measures on the part of employers, and responsible action from employees regard to preventive measures.