Shift In Perception Research Articles

Analyzing Student Performance and Shifts in Perceptions About Science in a Student-Centered Versus Teacher-Centered Introductory Biology Course

Analyzing Student Performance and Shifts in Perceptions About Science in a Student-Centered Versus Teacher-Centered Introductory Biology Course

Pergeseran Persepsi Budaya oleh Eksistensi Bahasa Indonesia pada Mahasiswa di Korea Selatan (2020-2024)

As time progresses, language has become one of the diplomatic tools used in the international arena. In South Korea, interest in the Indonesian language has been growing, as evidenced by the increasing number of students showing interest in learning it each year. The author identifies an urgency to monitor the perceptions formed when foreign nationals learn Indonesian—in this context, South Korean society. This research seeks to elaborate on the cultural perceptions that emerge with the presence of the Indonesian language in South Korea. The aim of this study is to understand how the construction of cultural perceptions takes shape in the minds of South Koreans when they learn Indonesian. A descriptive qualitative research method was used, with data collection techniques in the form of interviews. The findings of this study indicate a shift in cultural perceptions of Indonesia, with Indonesian language learning fostering curiosity about Indonesian culture. Ultimately, this indirectly plays a role in promoting Indonesian culture. This shift is evident both in the mindset and in social interactions within the student community learning Indonesian.

Female Genital Mutilation in Somalia: Leveraging Opinions, Perceptions, and Experiences for Effective Interventions

This review critically examines the socio-cultural and religious landscape of female genital mutilation (FGM) in Somalia, where the practice remains pervasive despite global condemnation and human rights infringements. With the highest FGM rates globally, Somalia's scenario underscores the complexities of eradicating practices deeply embedded in societal fabric. The purpose of this review is to understand prevailing attitudes towards FGM among various Somali stakeholders and to recalibrate intervention strategies accordingly, with an emphasis on harm reduction as a pragmatic initial approach towards a long-term eradication goal. The review employs a thematic synthesis of qualitative studies to discern Somali communities’ awareness of FGM health risks, ongoing support for the practice, and resistance to its abandonment. It reveals a perceptual shift towards Sunna, a less extreme FGM form, influenced by religious considerations and health awareness, yet still infringing on women's rights. The contentious role of medicalization as a harm-reduction tactic is also discussed, which, while safer, may perpetuate the practice. Overall, the review underscores the necessity for culturally sensitive, community-driven interventions that advocate for collective action against FGM. These interventions should integrate educational efforts, legal frameworks, and redefinition of FGM's socio-cultural importance, aiming for a gradual yet definitive end to the practice.

Who Dominates the Coalition? Frame Salience and Public Support for Policy–Democracy Protest Coalitions under Authoritarian Rule

Abstract How does the public support a coalition in which pro-democracy advocates and policy-based protesters join forces in street protests? When policy-based and pro-democracy groups protest together, they create a collective action frame that includes a policy component and a democracy component. In this article, I develop the frame salience theory, arguing that support for a policy–democracy protest coalition depends on which component of the joint frame is perceived to be more dominant. I argue that in authoritarian regimes, the policy component typically dominates the coalition because it is more accessible and available to the public. This perception shifts public support for the alliance towards the baseline level of support for the policy movement. In other words, public support for the alliance defaults to the baseline level of support for the policy movement. I find evidence for my argument using a survey experiment administered to 1,209 Vietnamese respondents. This article highlights a dilemma pro-democracy groups face: joining policy-based movements may boost support, but sustaining democracy after the protest becomes challenging.

(De)Polarization Entrepreneurs? Think Tanks and Pernicious Polarization in Central Europe

Pernicious polarization is an antagonistic Us versus Them division, where the other group is perceived as an existential threat. It is often intertwined with the erosion of democratic norms and institutions. Although studies on polarization abound, there are still some blind spots to be filled. Our contribution is the focus on the mesolevel of civil society and the theoretical development of (de)polarization mechanisms at this level. Empirically, we study think tanks, a special type of civil society organization, in the context of democratic backsliding in Hungary and Poland. The analysis is based on 53 interviews with Hungarian and Polish think tankers conducted between 2020 and 2022. We contend that through a shift in perceptions of Us, Them, and the middle ground, think tanks contribute to both polarization and depolarization. Rather than being passive receptors of polarization dynamics, we showcase think tanks’ agentic roles as they emerge through these three mechanisms and through think tanks resorting to specific patterns of discourse and interactions.

Understanding health and illness among incarcerated persons in the Slovenian correctional system: A qualitative study

Understanding the perspectives of incarcerated persons on health and illness, as well as the social contexts influencing these perspectives, is important for developing healthcare interventions that effectively address their specific needs and improve overall well-being. The aim of this study was to explore and understand the complex, multi-dimensional experiences of health and illness among incarcerated persons within the Slovenian correctional system. This study employed an interpretative descriptive design. Using purposive sampling, ten incarcerated persons—five females and five males—were invited to individual, face-to-face, semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis was conducted in accordance with the interpretative description analytical process. Four major themes were identified: (1) Perspectives on health and illness during incarceration, (2) Healthcare access and self-care during incarceration, (3) Social contacts and their impact on health, and (4) Programmes and activities to enhance well-being. The findings highlighted a shift in perception among participants from a traditional view of health as merely the absence of illness to a more dynamic and holistic understanding, encompassing physical, mental, and social determinants of health. The structured environments within prisons can sometimes paradoxically improve physical health by promoting positive health behaviours, yet they often exacerbate mental health challenges due to restricted freedom and social isolation. The study's implications are significant for policy-making, suggesting that integrated health strategies can significantly improve health outcomes for incarcerated populations, aligning with public health objectives and ensuring better community reintegration.

Trends in Takotsubo syndrome

Abstract Background Previously considered a rare and relatively benign cardiac condition, Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) has undergone a significant shift in perception over the last two decades. This shift was mainly driven by results indicating that TTS is associated with signicant mortality and morbidity. Consequently, also the criteria for diagnosing TTS have been updated to reflect its recognition as a complex, multifactorial disease. Purpose The aim of the present study was to investigate trends in clinical presentation, demographics, and outcomes of patients with TTS. Methods The study analyzed 3,675 patients diagnosed with TTS from 2004 to 2021. Participants were divided into groups based on diagnosis, using three-year intervals, to perform trend analyses on demographics, risk factors, clinical presentations, and outcomes. The Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test was used for categorical data trends, while the Mann-Kendall test assessed numerical variables. Mortality rates were compared using the log-rank test. Findings: The study period saw a steady increase in male patients (from 10% to 15%, p = 0.003). While apical TTS continued to be the most common type, the occurrence of midventricular TTS increased (from 18% to 37%, p = 0.002). Emotional triggers remained constant, whereas the prevalence of physical triggers significantly rose (from 35% to 50%, p = 0.034). The incidence of cardiogenic shock increased (from 11% to 20%, p=0.030), leading to a rise in in-hospital mortality rates (from 2% to 9%, p<0.001). A landmark analysis showed a significant increase in 60-day mortality rates (p < 0.001), but no difference in one-year mortality over the years (p = 0.140, Figure 1). Summary: This study of temporal trends in TTS highlights a shift in patients demographic with agrowing prevalence among males, increasing recognition of midventricular TTS type, and increased rates of cardiogenic shock and mortality in recent years. This shift aligns with the rising prevalence of physical triggers, as an expression of increased recognition of TTS in association with acute comorbidities.

Emergence of Economic and Cultural Ties between USSR and Sweden (1924–1937)

This article explores the distinctive features of the economic and cultural interactions between the USSR and Sweden from 1924 to 1937. The research is grounded in a comprehensive array of sources, including official documents, publications from the periodical press, and personal accounts. The methodological framework is informed by the imagology of international relations, which focuses on the study of mental geography, transnational imagery, perception stereotypes, and myths, as well as the comparison of the "Self" and the "Other" to understand the role of "Others" in shaping national self-conceptions. The author investigates how shifts in Swedish perceptions of Soviet Russia influenced the development of bilateral relations and assesses the contributions of A.M. Kollontai, the Soviet ambassador to Sweden since 1930, to Soviet-Swedish interactions. The article illustrates how Swedish political figures, pursuing their own interests, viewed elements of Soviet society as potential models for reforming their own countries, shaped by their internal agendas of political and socio-economic change.

From 'cooking wife' to 'cooking mother': Exploring generational shifts in perceptions regarding domestic cooking practices.

Utilising the life course perspective as the theoretical framework, we investigate how women from different generations perceive their cooking experiences and articulate their feelings regarding this activity. Following a review of the literature and four exploratory focus groups, an interview guide was developed and piloted. Interviews were conducted with 22 Brazilian women spanning three distinct generations. Participants were prompted to recall their life stories, spanning from childhood to the present day and focused on cooking-related situations. Interviews were transcripted and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. There were three major themes developed. The first theme outlines variations in the food context across generations. The second theme encompasses perceptions of the responsibility for cooking as being linked to the female gender, indicating a generational shift from the role of the 'cooking wife' to that of the 'cooking mother'. The third theme explores thoughts and reflections on feelings of obligation, oppression, and liberation in cooking, tied to changes in the social and temporal context in which these women operate. Strategies promoting cooking should consider the meanings attributed to it, contribute to the deconstruction of gender-specific family dynamics, and encourage the pursuit for pleasure, satisfaction and autonomy in this practice. This study contributes novel insights into cooking, including reflections on obligation or oppression versus liberation and the evolving social roles of women as primary cooks.

Navigating Societal Stressors Through Yoga in Korea

Modernization in Korea has led to increased psychological tension driven by changes in societal expectations and social norms. The current study explores the role of yoga in promoting stress-related growth in response to psychological stress and trauma within Korean society. We adopted interpretive phenomenological analysis to explore the lived experiences of 12 adults who practiced yoga regularly through in-depth interviews. Reflexive engagement with the data led to the development of the following themes: a) societal stressors in Korea, b) emotional regulation through the mind-body connection, c) self-care and d) manifestation in other dimensions of life. Building on the theoretical foundation of cognitive appraisal theory, our findings revealed that yoga facilitated a shift in perceptions and ability to manage stress by cultivating mindfulness. This research highlights the multifaceted dynamics of yoga in managing societal expectations in Korea and emphasizes its potential to promote psychological well-being and stress-related growth.

English as a Second Language teacher training practicum – exploring Polish university students’ experiences and perceptions – in search of supportive strategies

This study examines the experiences of Polish university students during their English as a Second Language (ESL) Teacher Training Practicum. By examining the challenges and transformations they undergo, we aim to understand their journey towards becoming educators. Beyond students’ reflections, we explore strategies to improve their practicum experiences. Using the Inventory of Experiences and Perceptions at Teaching Practice (IEPTP), we evaluate key aspects: learning and professional growth, socialisation in professional settings, socio-emotional facets, support and supervision, and vocational development. The research highlights shifts in perceptions, emphasising areas like vocational and professional development. It suggests strategies to enhance learning and support for student teachers, emphasising the crucial role of supervisors. The findings guide institutions in refining teacher training and ensuring students become adept ESL educators.

서비스산업 육성을 위한 정책추진의 성과와 한계, 그리고 전략적 접근 방향 모색

This study aims to identify the achievements, limitations, and future challenges of service industry policies implemented between 2000 and 2024, and to explore effective policy directions for fostering the service industry. Since the 2000s, the government, which had primarily focused on manufacturing-centric industrial policies, has recognized the service industry as another key pillar for the continued growth of our economy and has consistently made policy efforts to support its development. As a result, while the transition to a service-based economy and the high value-added nature of the service industry have not progressed rapidly, some improvements have been made. However, our service industry is still largely driven by numerous small and low-value-added businesses, and there is a need to expand the industrial foundation that will drive innovation. In addition, with the changing industrial environment, such as advances in digital technology, it is also necessary to enhance the potential capabilities that will shape the future of the service industry. To effectively promote the transition to a service-based economy, two approaches can be considered. One is to identify the issues raised during the service industry's growth and develop solutions. Strategies could include establishing a policy support system, exploring policies that reflect the characteristics of the service industry, and fostering a shift in perception toward the industry. The other approach involves identifying the potential capabilities that will drive the future of the service industry and supporting the foundation to enhance these capabilities. Examples of related tasks include supporting networking among participants, enhancing capabilities needed for developing new business models, and creating a service provision environment to ensure these models take root in the market.

Distributional learning drives statistical suppression and deafening.

Organisms as diverse as honeybees and humans pick up on probabilities in the world around them. People implicitly learn the likelihood of a color, price range, or even syntactic structure. How does statistical learning affect how we detect events and make decisions, especially when probabilities are completely irrelevant to the task at hand, and can change without warning? We find that people learn and track changes in perceptual probabilities irrelevant to a task and that this learning drives dynamic shifts in perception characterized by graded effects of enhancement and primarily - suppression across acoustic frequency. This can result in a remarkably long-lived 'statistical deafening' that seems maladaptive but may instead reflect use of likelihood to guide and sharpen perception.

The Changing Dynamics of China's Threat Perception toward India: A Shift from Asymmetry to Symmetry?

executive summary: This article studies Chinese literature on China's threat perception of India and argues that the threat perception between the two rising powers is growing more symmetric in the current dynamics of international politics. main argument The India-China relationship has major implications for how world politics are shaped, yet how China perceives a sense of threat from India is an understudied phenomenon. Whereas most literature on this relationship has observed an asymmetric threat perception between the two states, with India identifying a greater threat from China than the other way around, the dynamics of international politics are causing China to become more cautious about its security and take notice of a greater threat coming from India. As a result, the level of threat perception is becoming more balanced. This shift in perception will have major implications for the overall dynamics of bilateral relations and make the relationship more confrontational and conflictual. policy implications • India's fast-growing economy, demographic dividend, geographic position, and growing strategic partnerships have made it a more confident and assertive foreign policy actor. Chinese scholars have taken note of these changes. • India's assertive border policy and partnership with the U.S. pose a growing challenge to China's power. This will make Beijing wary about actions that it previously overlooked due the asymmetry in the relationship. At the same time, because for India any Chinese action is presumed as threatening, China's growing wariness will further enhance India's threat perception. This emerging dynamic could instigate a spiral of competition. • Confrontation in Sino-Indian relations will further strengthen U.S.-Indian relations and move India closer to the U.S. camp. • With both India and China being rising powers, their relationship will have major geopolitical implications for how the Asian century will play out.

역사, 인종, 젠더와 ‘쌍안경 비전’ - 데이비드 브래들리의 『체니스빌 사건』

David Bradley's The Chaneysville Incident deals with how John Washington, a black male historian, excavates five generations of his family's history and restores the histories of his family and black Americans buried by dominant narratives. This paper first examines the resistance narratives of John's ancestors that he discovers through 'counter-memories' such as Old Jack's storytelling and the records kept by his father and great-grandfather. It then examines how John, frustrated by the limitations of Western historical methodology, uses historical imagination and African notions of death to uncover his father’s suicide as well as the deaths of his great-grandfather and fugitive slaves. Thus it is revealed that employing both oppositional epistemologies leads John to confront the truth of his family history. Furthermore, the paper explores how John's hatred of whites and women begins to unravel as he unearths his family history and begins to move away from fixed ideas about race and gender. Through John's transformation, Bradley suggests a shift in perception that does not favor either of the opposing perspectives, but rather connects the dots between them, as an attitude which American society should seek for in the post-civil rights era when racial tensions still persist.

Spatiotemporal evolution of Nigeria’s armed conflicts and terrorism and the associated shift in social perceptions

Nigeria is one of the largest countries in Africa that is most severely affected by armed conflict and terrorism. To help Nigeria design effective measures to curb armed conflicts and terrorism, it is essential to analyze all available data. We propose to first systematically characterize the spatiotemporal evolution of armed conflicts and terrorism in Nigeria using the events and fatalities data from the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data (ACLED) Project by constructing a few new and readily computable indexes, then utilizing another media big data, the Global Database of events, language, and Tone (GDELT), to construct two general indices, to describe the collective national activity about cooperation and conflicts and examine how social perception on conflicts and terrorism in Nigeria has been changing. We find that armed conflicts and terrorism in Nigeria have become more widespread spatially and more uniform temporally, characterized by appropriate changes in Shannon entropy. We have also found that economic decay, erosion in democracy, and increase in corruption are all highly correlated with the increase in armed conflicts and terrorism, and the general societal perception in Nigeria has been accepting the severe armed conflicts and terrorism after the COVID-19 pandemic as a new normal. Therefore, great care has to be taken to ensure better economic development in Nigeria, besides calling for greater support and enhanced international and regional cooperation.

A Survey of Perspectives and Educational Needs of Canadian Oncology Residents on Artificial Intelligence.

This study evaluated the perspectives and educational needs of Canadian oncology residents with regard to artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine, exploring the influence of factors such as program of choice, gender, and tech literacy on their attitudes towards AI. An ethics-approved survey collected anonymous responses from Canadian oncology residents from December 2022 to July 2023. Comparisons by demographics were made using Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests. A total of 57 residents and fellows responded out of an expected 182, with representation from each oncology training program in Canada. Over half of the participants were male (63.2%), with radiation oncology programs being better represented than medical oncology programs (68.4% vs. 31.6%). There was balanced representation across all years of training. Most trainees (73%) were interested in learning more about AI, and many believed the topic should be formally taught during residency (63%), preferably through workshops (79%). Among evaluated factors, tech literacy showed the most impact over AI perspectives, driving a perception shift towards viewing AI as an improvement tool, rather than as a threat to professionals. In conclusion, Canadian oncology residents anticipate AI's growing influence in medicine but face educational deficiencies. Gender, oncology discipline, and self-reported tech literacy impact attitudes toward AI, highlighting the need for inclusive education.

Summer Antarctic expeditions in seasonal stations as analogs for long-duration space exploration missions: A critical review

This critical review aims to compare the conditions of summer Antarctic expeditions in seasonal stations with key characteristics of long-duration space exploration missions (LDSEM). Utilizing NASA's Analog Assessment Tool and data from the COMNAP Antarctic Station Catalogue, along with scientific literature, the review identifies significant parallels for LDSEM analog research. We assess how seasonal and year-round stations differ and highlight aspects of where seasonal stations serve as a better or worse analog for LDSEM. Key findings include that while summer expeditions allow for more feasible evacuations than winter-overs, their access to medical care is more limited. Crowdedness in summer stations with shared rooms better represents LDSEM conditions than the lower density of winter-over settings. Varying daylight hours in summer stations provide a closer parallel to Mars or Moon surface missions than the continuous darkness of winter-over conditions. Additionally, constant hazards, risk management strategies, isolation, sensory deprivation, workload, leadership structures, autonomy, and communication challenges in summer stations align well with LDSEM scenarios. Conclusively, we propose a shift in perceptions, recognizing seasonal Antarctic expeditions as a valuable analog of planetary LDSEM with several advantages over traditionally accepted winter-over settings. Further comparative and longitudinal studies between seasonal and year-round Antarctic stations should be pursued to enhance LDSEM analog research and support interdisciplinary collaboration. This approach will not only advance progress in space exploration research but also improve the quality of life and safety in remote and extreme environments.

From unknown to familiar: An exploratory longitudinal field study on occupational exoskeletons adoption

Occupational exoskeletons hold promise in preventing musculoskeletal disorders, but their effectiveness relies on their long-term use by workers.This study aims to characterize the adoption process of occupational exoskeletons by analyzing the experiences of 25 operators. Using a mixed-methods approach, both quantitative and qualitative data were collected before and during a four-week familiarization period. We primarily focused on users' expectations, subjective assessments over time, and initial experiences.Findings elucidate shifts in operators' perceptions of the devices over time. Through their narratives, we highlight how exoskeleton use impact operators' movements and the subsequent adaptations. Operators demonstrated diverse exploratory behaviors, indicating their efforts to get to grips with the effects of exoskeletons in their own ways.This study offers insights into the initial stages of occupational exoskeleton adoption, thus enriching our comprehension of rejection patterns and pathways toward their widespread acceptance.

The effect of electrical muscle stimulation on intentional binding and explicit sense of agency.

The motivating question for this study is determining whether electrical muscle stimulation (EMS)-induced movements can extend the user's ability without reducing the sense of agency. Moreover, it is crucial to find the timing of the EMS application that is robust against individual differences and environmental changes. Previous studies have reported that the user-specific EMS-application timings, determined through explicit measures of sense of agency, would effectively shorten their reaction time in a push task while maintaining their sense of agency. However, no study has investigated EMS-application timings in relation to implicit measures of sense of agency. Intentional binding, an example of an implicit measure, refers to the phenomenon whereby the interval between an intentional action and the subsequent perceptual outcome is typically perceived to be shorter than the actual interval. By measuring this perceptual shift using a Libet clock, we have identified an EMS-application timing that accelerates the users' push action while maintaining their sense of agency. First, to conduct the EMS-application experiment while appropriately maintaining the intentional binding effect, we designed a new push task such that a pre-action, as the base timing of the EMS-application trigger, always occurs just before the push movement. (1) We showed the difference between the action-binding effect of EMS-induced involuntary movements and voluntary push movements. Subsequently, (2) we identified the EMS application timing that significantly shifted judgments of action tasks while accelerating voluntary movements. Additionally, (3) we demonstrated that the EMS application could accelerate user pushing movement while maintaining the sense of agency at this specific application time. The proposed EMS in the novel pushing setup was found to be robustly effective against individual and environmental changes.