Shift Of Labor Research Articles

Medicina defensiva evaluación de su práctica en unidades de medicina familiar de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México

Objetivo: evaluar la dimensión de la práctica de la medicina defensiva en las unidades de medicina familiar del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social en Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México. Métodos: estudio transversal y analítico. Se evaluó la práctica de medicina defensiva de 87 médicos de la consulta externa de medicina familiar de tres unidades de primer nivel de atención. El instrumento estuvo conformado por 17 preguntas que exploraron percepciones, actitudes y conductas relacionadas con la práctica diaria del médico y cinco preguntas acerca de características sociodemográficas y laborales. El análisis estadístico incluyó la prueba de χ2, se estableció una p<0.05 como significativa. Resultados: 92% de los encuestados demostró practicar algún grado de medicina defensiva. El turno laboral del personal estuvo relacionado con la práctica de medicina defensiva en grado manifiesto (p=0.007). Conclusiones: se determinó en este estudio que la práctica de medicina defensiva es alta, por lo que se debe mejorar la relación médico-paciente, ya que una comunicación franca y abierta con el paciente y su familia podría disminuir el temor de repercusiones legales y permitiría al médico actuar con mayor libertad y juicio.

The Living Wage, “That Reproductive Ferment”

The Living Wage, “that Reproductive Ferment” Dana Simmons How much life is in the living wage? In recent months, a number of major American cities have enacted minimum wage ordinances, offering urban working families a promise of better living conditions. Yet just as minimum wage laws attempt to ameliorate the conditions of low-wage workers, working communities appear under threat by temporary work, automation, task labor, mass incarceration, deportation, and a host of other social pressures. Shifts in capital and labor seem to have swept away any guarantees of secure, steady, and sufficient working- class employment in the global North. A decent life continues to escape even those within the reach of recent minimum wage victories. The MIT Living Wage Calculator reckons that a $15/hour minimum wage would not suffice in a city like Los Angeles to cover a family’s basic expenses. 1 When one considers all the forms of life and all the living people excluded from wage work—by choice, by necessity, or by force—very little potential life appears left in the wage. The era of the wage, some two hundred years old, seems likely to fade sooner or later. The living wage was conceived in opposition to a free market, contractual model of wage work. Scientific wage theories were tied to the mass expansion of wage labor in the mid- nineteenth century. Yet today, labor increasingly happens in contexts without stable contracts. “Freedom” appears severed from any semblance of contractual relations in the salvage economy of temporary, freelance, sharing, and foraging work that characterizes many global supply chains today. What comes next? If the wage relation is giving way to other unstable socio-economic forms, where may we search for a promise of life? Wages are not generally thought of as a scientific question. Wage struggles are rarely imagined as epistemological battles; categories like life and labor are taken for granted. Workers

Medicina defensiva: evaluación de su práctica en unidades de medicina familiar de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México

Objective: to evaluate the dimension of the defensive medicine practice in Family Medicine Units of the Mexican Institute of Social Security in Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas, Mexico. Methods: Cross-sectional and analytical study. Practice of defensive medicine was evaluated of 87 outpatient Family Medicine physicians from three Primary Care level units. The instrument was formed by 17 questions that explored perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors related to daily practice and five questions on socio-demographic and labor characteristics. The statistical analysis included the χ2 test, a p<0.05 as meaningful was established. Results: 92% of the surveyed persons showed some degree of defensive medicine practice. Staff labor shift was related to the practice of defensive medicine in some level (p=0.007). Conclusions: it was determined in this study that defensive medicine is highly practiced, so the doctor-patient relationship needs to be improved since an honest and open communication with the patient and his family could reduce the fear of legal repercussions and would allow the physician to act with greater freedom and judgment.

Low-Carbon Energy Development in Indonesia in Alignment with Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) by 2030

This study analyzed the role of low-carbon energy technologies in reducing the greenhouse gas emissions of Indonesia’s energy sector by 2030. The aim of this study was to provide insights into the Indonesian government’s approach to developing a strategy and plan for mitigating emissions and achieving Indonesia’s emission reduction targets by 2030, as pledged in the country’s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution. The Asia-Pacific Integrated Model/Computable General Equilibrium (AIM/CGE) model was used to quantify three scenarios that had the same socioeconomic assumptions: baseline, countermeasure (CM)1, and CM2, which had a higher emission reduction target than that of CM1. Results of the study showed that an Indonesian low-carbon energy system could be achieved with two pillars, namely, energy efficiency measures and deployment of less carbon-intensive energy systems (i.e., the use of renewable energy in the power and transport sectors, and the use of natural gas in the power sector and in transport). Emission reductions would also be satisfied through the electrification of end-user consumption where the electricity supply becomes decarbonized by deploying renewables for power generation. Under CM1, Indonesia could achieve a 15.5% emission reduction target (compared to the baseline scenario). This reduction could be achieved using efficiency measures that reduce final energy demand by 4%; This would require the deployment of geothermal power plants at a rate six times greater than the baseline scenario and four times the use of hydropower than that used in the baseline scenario. Greater carbon reductions (CM2; i.e., a 27% reduction) could be achieved with similar measures to CM1 but with more intensive penetration. Final energy demand would need to be cut by 13%, deployment of geothermal power plants would need to be seven times greater than at baseline, and hydropower use would need to be five times greater than the baseline case. Carbon prices under CM1 and CM2 were US$16 and US$63 (2005)/tCO2, respectively. The mitigation scenarios for 2030 both had a small positive effect on gross domestic product (GDP) compared to the baseline scenario (0.6% and 0.3% for CM1 and CM2, respectively). This is mainly due to the combination of two assumptions. The first is that there would be a great increase in coal-fired power in the baseline scenario. The other assumption is that there is low productivity in coal-related industries. Eventually, when factors such as capital and labor shift from coal-related industries to other low-carbon-emitting sectors in the CM cases are put in place, the total productivity of the economy would offset low-carbon investment.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENYEBAB PERGESERAN TENAGA KERJA SEKTOR PERTANIANKE SEKTOR NON PERTANIAN DI KECAMATAN KALAWAT,KABUPATEN MINAHASA UTARA

This study aims to determine what factors are causing the shift of labor from agriculture to non-agricultural sectors in District of Kalawat, North Minahasa. Factors of labor shift are caused by two categories: driving factors og the agricultural sector and the pull factors of non-agricultural sector so that agricultural labor to leaving work in the agricultural sector and chose to work in the non-agricultural sector. This research has been conducted since Agustus 2016 until Oktober 2016 in district of Kalawat, North Minahasa. Data collection included primary data and secondary data. Data collection method was used interview techniques. Method of selecting a sample was used sample (quota sampling). The number of respondents who would be interviewed as many 30 respondents. The characteristics of respondent are agricultural laborers have switched jobs to non-agricultural sector in district Kalawat, North Minahasa. Secondary data were obtained from the District Office Kalawat, North Minahasa. Data analysis methods applied in this study, by using descriptive method. The results of research through interviews with 30 respondents in District of Kalawat, North Minahasa. The main factors that cause labor to leave work in the agricultural sector which, because wages in the agricultural sector due to the erratic and low (43,3%) due to wages in the agricultural sector are uncertain and likely to lower the climate is influesed by the weather making revenue is often not fixed and tend to be low. As well as land became narrower and don not have any more land (43,3%) resulting from the conversion of agricultural land where settlement is also a non-agricultural activities and infrastructure development also makes labor can no longer work as farmers because it has no land for farming. Low view of work in agriculture (10%) and also due to sick and tired of working on the farm (3,3%) to make agricultural work force feel they can no longer work in the agricultural sector. It is the driving factor of the agriculutural sector which makes labor leave work in the agricultural sector.

Determinants of the Evolution of Inequality in Africa

Most African countries inherited a dual economic structure and high levels of inequality from the colonial times, and inequality has remained high since independence. The pattern of structural change in Africa has implied a shift of labour out of agriculture, but since the movers have mostly been absorbed into low-paying, often informal activities, this transformation has not led to a significantly lower overall inequality. A change of the structure of the economy leading to an expansion of better-paying jobs requires higher rates of investment.

An assessment of awareness level of school going rural youth towards agriculture

India is a developing nation and the youth constitutes almost more than half (65%) of the population of the nation. The rapid growth and diversification of developmental activities have resulted in much needed expansion of employment opportunities, but at the same time have triggered rural to urban migration. This trend has inadvertently resulted in shift of farm labour to non-farm sectors. In the present scenario, creating awareness about agriculture among school going rural youth is a dire need. The present study was conducted to assess the socio-economic status of rural youth, to find out the awareness level of school going rural youth regarding agriculture and its various aspects and to analyze the corelation between socio-economic status of rural youth with their awareness about agriculture. The sample from three villages viz., Kavita, Chikalwas and Thoor consisted of 450 youth selected from three classes i.e. 7th, 8th and 9th. Standarized tool developed by Aggarwal (2005) was used to collect data for socio-economic status. Checklist was prepared to find out awareness about agriculture. Data was analysed by using corelation, frequency and mean and percentage distribution. Results revealed that there was significant relationship between socio-economic status and agriculture awareness of rural youth. Majority of the respondents were from low and medium socio-economic status and had average awareness about agriculture and its various aspects. Proper steps should be taken at G.Os and N.G.Os level for channelizing youth towards agriculture for its sustainability.

Ideas a tener en consideración ante la irrupción de un nuevo mecanismo de control empresarial: el GPS

This article analyzes the feasibility of establishing a mechanism of permanent control of the displacements of workers during its labor shift, denominated “permanent monitoring”. The key questions that arise throughout the analysis consider aspects such as the judicial right of the employer to control all the movements of their workers, the exact place where the employees are at any particular moment, the number and length of the breaks they take, among other. Notwithstanding the legitimate right the employer has to supervise the professional activities entrusted to the employee, the initial hypothesis of this article arise from the following question: Does it represents an improper tracking of the worker? Is it appropriate to establish limitations in this regards? Such a control of the worker from the employer could result in the total control of the actions and movements carried out by the workers, beyond their professional responsibilities. The GPS –developed initially for military tasks– is frequently used by the civil society and nowadays has been also used in business activities. The question is, hence, to analyze the legitimacy and under what conditions those control instruments could be allowed as monitoring mechanisms.

Ideas a tener en consideración ante la irrupción de un nuevo mecanismo de control empresarial: el GPS

This article analyzes the feasibility of establishing a mechanism of permanent control of the displacements of workers during its labor shift, denominated “permanent monitoring”. The key questions that arise throughout the analysis consider aspects such as the judicial right of the employer to control all the movements of their workers, the exact place where the employees are at any particular moment, the number and length of the breaks they take, among other. Notwithstanding the legitimate right the employer has to supervise the professional activities entrusted to the employee, the initial hypothesis of this article arise from the following question: Does it represents an improper tracking of the worker? Is it appropriate to establish limitations in this regards? Such a control of the worker from the employer could result in the total control of the actions and movements carried out by the workers, beyond their professional responsibilities. The GPS –developed initially for military tasks– is frequently used by the civil society and nowadays has been also used in business activities. The question is, hence, to analyze the legitimacy and under what conditions those control instruments could be allowed as monitoring mechanisms.

New media producing new labor: Pinterest, yearning, and self-surveillance

ABSTRACTScrapbooks, a medium long used by women to curate experiences, employ a past-oriented affective capacity of remembrance. By engaging in modal analysis, this essay explores how the social networking site Pinterest, although visually similar to scrapbooks, instead offers a future-oriented affective capacity of yearning to its (primarily female) users. This temporal pivot and change in affective capacity engages women not in celebratory memory work but in a postindustrial, postfeminist third shift of labor curating yearning and self-surveilling.

The Making of Vulnerable Workers: Uncredentialed Young Adults in Postindustrial, Urban America

ABSTRACTCommon explanations for the employment difficulties facing young adults without a secondary credential center on skill deficits, with little attention given to policies and practices that shape the nature of work. Using interview data from a participatory action research project, this article examines the employment experiences of 43 uncredentialed young adults in a deindustrialized, urban community. Contextualizing their accounts within shifts in job and labor markets in the postindustrial political economy and drawing on the “vulnerable workers” framework, it shows how participants were disenfranchised as workers and job-seekers. I argue that educators should more fully account for the challenges facing workers with low levels of formal education and engage with economic and labor policies and practices that make these workers economically vulnerable.

Emotional labor among police officers: a diary study relating strain, emotional labor, and service performance

Using emotional labor and conservation of resources (COR) theory, this diary study aims to gain insight into the role of daily strain in emotional labor and service performance on a day-to-day basis. Strain was taken into account both as an antecedent (at the start of the work shift), and as a consequence (at the end of the work shift) of emotional labor (surface acting, deep acting) and emotional dissonance. The participants were 53 Dutch police officers who completed a three-day diary questionnaire (i.e. 159 measurement occasions). The results of multilevel analyses showed that, as hypothesized, daily strain at the start of the work shift was positively related to daily surface acting and unrelated to daily deep acting. Furthermore, daily surface acting mediated the relationship between strain at the start of the work shift and (a) service performance and (b) strain at the end of the work shift. Additionally, as predicted, daily surface acting was particularly related to emotional dissonance when strain at the start of the work shift was high.

Agricultural productivity growth and drivers: a comparative study of China and India

Purpose – China and India have made significant strides in transforming their agricultural sectors to cut hunger and poverty for the masses through improved agricultural productivity. Given limited land and shift of labor to non-agricultural sector, increasing productivity will continue to be central in agricultural growth in the twenty-first century. The purpose of this paper is to provide comparative analysis of the agricultural total factor productivity (TFP) growth in the two countries. It complements existing literature by examining the evolution and drivers of TFP at disaggregated sub-national level. Richer data allows a deeper understanding of the nature and drivers of TFP growth in the two countries. Design/methodology/approach – This paper applies different analytical framework to address different research questions using data since 1980. China study estimates a parametric output-based distance function using a translog stochastic frontier function. Productivity growth index and its multiple components are calculated using parameters derived from the parametric approach to identify the characteristics of technology such as structural bias. India study first applies data envelopment analysis to estimate the aggregate productivity growth index, technical change (TC), and efficiency change. Next productivity indexes by for traditional crops are estimated using growth accounting framework at state level. Finally, a panel regression links TFP on its determinants. Findings – Several common themes emerge from this comparative study. Faced with similar challenges of limited resources and growing demand, improving productivity is the only way to meet long-term food security. Agriculture sector has performed impressively with annual TFP growth beyond 2 percent in China and between 1 and 2 percent in India since the 1980s. The TFP growth is mainly propelled by technological advance but efficiency had been stagnant or even deteriorated. This study provides a granular picture of within country heterogeneity: fast growth in the North and Northeast part of China, South and East of India. Research limitations/implications – The study suggests some possible policy interventions to improve agricultural productivity, including investment in agricultural R &amp; D to create advanced production technology, effective extension programs and supportive policies to increase efficiency, and diversification from staple crops for sector-wide growth. The India study suggests certain policies may not be contributing much to productivity growth in the long run due to a negative impact on environment. Further studies are needed to expand the productivity analysis to take into consideration of the negative externalities to the society. Data enhancement to account for quality-adjusted inputs could improve the estimation of productivity growth. Originality/value – Each country study reveals certain prospects of the agricultural sector and production technology. China analysis statistically confirms the existence of technical inefficiency and technology progress, suggests the translog form is appropriate to capture the production technology and satisfies conditions stipulated in theoretical models. The results indicate TC does not influence the contribution of output or input to the production process. India study pinpoints the lagging productivity growth of traditional crops, which still derives growth from input expansion. Although different states benefited from different crops, sector-wide productivity gain is primarily the result of diversification to high-value crops and livestock products.

Discovering the signs of Dutch disease in Russia

This paper examines the problem of Dutch disease in Russia during the oil boom of the 2000s, from both the theoretical and empirical points of view. Our analysis is based on the classical model of Dutch disease by Corden and Neary (1982). We examine the relationship between changes in the real effective exchange rate of the ruble and the evolution of the Russian economic structure during the period 2002–2013.We empirically test the main effects of Dutch disease, controlling for the specific features of the Russian economy, namely the large role of state-owned organizations. We estimate the resource movement and spending effects as determined by the theoretical model and find the presence of several signs of Dutch disease: the negative impact of the real effective exchange rate on the growth in the manufacturing sector, the growth of the total income of workers, and the positive link between the real effective exchange rate and returns on capital in all three sectors. However, the shift of labor from manufacturing to services cannot be explained by the appreciation of the ruble alone.

Rights to urban climate resilience: moving beyond poverty and vulnerability

Urbanization represents a transformation of social‐ecological systems. In Asia within a generation, the dramatic pace and extent of urbanization transformed the ecological landscape and caused a fundamental shift in labor and production from rural, agricultural society to urban, industrialized society. Much of this has and continues to occur in locations that are hazardous and will exacerbate future climate risks. While Asia leads this process of urbanization, similar patterns are emerging across the Global South. Rapid urbanization compels us to rethink poverty and vulnerability. Much of the literature on urban poverty argues that it has been long ignored and is poorly understood due to inappropriate indicators and weak measurement methods. However in addition to these challenges, the nature of urbanization—including dependence on complex infrastructural, technological, and institutional systems—creates new drivers of poverty that necessitates new approaches to understanding and addressing urban poverty and vulnerability. As a result, there exists a problem regarding how urban poverty and vulnerability are framed. With the emergence of urban climate concerns and the discourse of resilience, poverty, and vulnerability are increasingly framed as impacts to be addressed and are seen as problems of welfare and social protection. At the heart of urbanization in Asia, however, are challenges of governance and equity rather than simply welfare. Issues of governance and equity link strongly to questions regarding how the urban future is shaped, for whose benefit and by whom, that is to say, to concepts of wellbeing and the ‘right of the city.’ WIREs Clim Change 2015, 6:643–651. doi: 10.1002/wcc.364This article is categorized under: Climate and Development &gt; Urbanization, Development, and Climate Change

Ten years of enlargement and the forces of labour in Central and Eastern Europe

This article introduces the individual contributions to this issue, which takes stock of the results of the first decade of eastern enlargement of the EU. Combining the insights of the study of industrial relations and social movement theory, the analysis focuses on what Central and Eastern European trade unions have done to benefit from new opportunities and mitigate new risks in good times and bad. The article proposes that while during the first decade after enlargement the hollowing and backsliding of industrial democracy made it difficult for organized workers to make their voices heard via collective bargaining, there have been tectonic shifts in labour’s typical voices of discontent. Aggrieved employees have protested less through strikes at the workplace in their capacity as workers empowered by labour’s collective rights and in alliance with fellow workers. Instead, the repertoire of contention has been dominated by demonstrations in the public space by public sector employees, who have relied on their citizenship rights shared with fellow citizens and have sought the support of civil society organizations.

Defenders of the state: the Irish Labour Party, coalitionism and revisionism, 1969–77

Irish Labour Party politics underwent a significant transformation during the period 1969–77. During these years, the party moved from a position of opposition to coalition and apparent support for socialist politics to involvement in a coalition government with Fine Gael and an abandonment of its previously stated goal, the thirty-two-county socialist republic. This paper locates the main factor behind this shift in Labour’s attachment to the institutions of the Republic of Ireland state. As that state was threatened by the crisis in Northern Ireland from 1969 onwards, so the Labour Party was compelled to shift ground politically and move towards agencies that could offer stability. This led to permanent shifts in Labour policy and strategy.

INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL : PENDEFINISIAN, PENGAKUAN, PENGUKURAN, PELAPORAN DAN PENGUNGKAPAN

A paradigm shift of labour based business to knowledge based business has an impact on financial reporting. There are other things that are necessarily stated to financial report users which can explain value-added the company has such as innovation, findings, knowledge and skills of human resources, relations with consumers, etc. most frequently known as intellectual capital. The company’s inability to record intangible asset in the balance is because the current accounting standard has not yet been able to capture and report undertaken investment in order to gain non-physical resources. This research was conducted by qualitative approach (literature study) which explained the concept of intellectual capital from definition, recognition, measurement, reporting and disclosure.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Intellectual Capital, Definition, Recognition, Measurement, Reporting and Disclosure.

Mothering Through Precarity

This article examines mothers' labours in recessionary culture, elaborating how mothers must become flexible, resilient and enterprising in order to keep their families happy and secure during precarious times. Through an ethnographic account of one mother's unsettled post-recession life, we contend that mothers become mamapreneurial, augmenting their families' incomes and ensuring their prosperity by rationalizing their everyday labours and emotions. Enlisting a range of technologies of appreciation, such as couponing and digitally enabled work-at-home enterprises, mamapreneurs thus embark on a fourth shift of labour, adding onto what Arlie Hochschild calls mothers' ‘second shift’ of domestic administration and ‘third shift’ of emotional management. Demonstrating how mamapreneurialism promises to soothe the volatilities and impossibilities of family in precarious times by reconstituting all of life as an instrumentalized web of affective labour, we ultimately argue that it constitutes a relation of cruel optimism that channels mothers' labours into the very systems that guarantee neoliberal precarity.

Large Capital Inflows, Sectoral Allocation, and Economic Performance

This paper describes the stylized facts characterizing periods of exceptionally large capital inflows in a sample of 70 middle- and high-income countries over the last 35 years. We identify 155 episodes of large capital inflows and find that these events are typically accompanied by an economic boom and followed by a slump. Moreover, during episodes of large capital inflows capital and labor shift out of the manufacturing sector, especially if the inflows begin during a period of low international interest rates. However, accumulating reserves during the period in which capital inflows are unusually large appears to limit the extent of labor reallocation. Larger credit booms and capital inflows during the episodes we identify increase the probability of a sudden stop occurring during or immediately after the episode. In addition, the severity of the post-inflows recession is significantly related to the extent of labor reallocation during the boom, with a stronger shift of labor out of manufacturing during the inflows episode associated with a sharper contraction in the aftermath of the episode.