Field Shift Research Articles

Teacher Perceptions and Professional Experience of E-Learning and Practical Subjects: Views of Selected Teachers in the Shiselweni Region of Eswatini

Several institutions amplected the tremendous variants technology offers in the advent of the covid-19 outbreak, bringing a paradigm shift in various fields regardless of digital competence and availability of resources. Many sectors, education inclusive had to adjust to the “new normal” transforming education drastically with a distinctive rise of e-learning as a pandemic management tool for tumultuous circumstances. E-learning was globally promoted to replace the conventional approach whereby teaching was undertaken remotely on digital platforms (Dhawan, 2020; Li & Lalani, 2020). The study evaluated primary teacher perceptions of the effectiveness of e-learning on practical subjects in 10 selected primary schools in the Shiselweni region of Eswatini. Practical subjects focus on two parts, theory and practice but practical sessions have huge significance in the learning process. Practical subject teaching posed a challenge to teachers during the covid-19 outbreak. The study was investigated by the baseline approach because it flags concerns by showing positive and negative impacts created during and after the study. Twenty-five (25) teachers were surveyed by convenience, snowballing, and random sampling procedures. Data interpretations epitomize that although the outbreak led to the sudden shutdown of schools, which was unprecedented, teachers managed to disseminate lessons by exploring different communication channels to connect learners, teachers, and parents. These were tailored toward the schedules and needs of families to ensure educational continuity. Engagement tools considered and utilized were messaging groups like WhatsApp, online conferences, e-mails, media, and other social media platforms to cater to all-inclusive instruction (UNICEF Romania, 2020). Teachers had fairly good knowledge of their subject content but no mastery over electronic tools for e-learning. E-learning demands acquired or learned skills, determination, strong self-motivation, and time management from both the teacher and learners. Amplecting newer educational technologies take time to implement effectually hence, a combined effort from the ministry of education, institutional management, teachers, and learners’ inclusiveness is of paramount importance. The study recommends that teachers must grow and learn along with their learners for added benefits as the world advances. Keywords: Covid-19 pandemic, e-learning, practical subjects, teacher perceptions. DOI: 10.7176/JEP/14-3-09 Publication date: January 31 st 2023

From villainess to Eco-icon: the blossoming Poison Ivy

Nowadays, the entertainment industry produces countless works, many exploring well-known stories or characters from different perspectives and through different media. In order to sell, superhero comics must be able to adapt to their audience. Through recurring narrative events, in which characters are rearranged by different authors, different relevant traits are gradually selected, afferent to varying codes of reading reality, which change as the semiotic field of reference changes. Thus, the ways of coding and decoding the same character at the diachronic and synchronic levels are different. This paper aims to analyse the case of Poison Ivy in terms of the differences between encoding and decoding. Created in 1966 as a femme fatale associated with venomous plants, the enemy of Batman, and a deadly poisonous seductress, it turns out that she is perceived differently today. Poison Ivy, alias Pamela Lillian Isley, is seen by today's writers and readers as a bearer of very different values and, above all, as a bearer of strong ecological messages of hope and activism on behalf of Planet Earth. Therefore, the referential reading models and the shifts in the semiotic field that could explain how the character's perception has changed will be studied.

A registered re-examination of the effects of leftward prism adaptation on landmark judgements in healthy people.

It has long been known that active adaptation to a shift of the visual field, caused by laterally-displacing prisms, induces short-term sensorimotor aftereffects. More recent evidence suggests that prism adaptation may also stimulate higher-level changes in spatial cognition, which can modify the spatial biases of healthy people. The first reported, and most replicated, higher-level aftereffect is a rightward shift in the point of subjective equality (PSE) for a perceptual bisection task (the landmark task), following adaptation to leftward prisms. A recent meta-analysis suggests that this visuospatial aftereffect should be robustly induced by an extended period of adaptation to strong leftward prisms (15°, ∼26.8 prism dioptres). However, we have been unable to replicate this effect, suggesting that the effect size estimated from prior literature might be over-optimistic. This Registered Report compared visuospatial aftereffects on the landmark task for a 15° leftward prism adaptation group (n=102) against a sham-adaptation control group (n=102). The effect size for the comparison was Cohen's d=.27, 95% CI [-.01, .55], which did not pass the criterion set for significance. A Bayesian analysis indicated that the data were more than 4.1 times as likely under the null than under an informed experimental hypothesis. Exploratory analyses showed no evidence for a rightward shift of landmark judgements in the prism group considered alone, and no relationship between sensorimotor and visuospatial aftereffects. We further found no support for previous suggestions that visuospatial aftereffects are modulated by a person's baseline bias (leftward or rightward) for the landmark task. Null findings are also presented for a preliminary group of 62 participants adapted to 15° leftward prisms, and an additional group of 29 participants adapted to 10° leftward prisms. We do not rule out the possibility that leftward prisms might induce higher-level visuospatial aftereffects in healthy people, but we should be more sceptical about this claim.

Precise Measurement of Magnetic Shielding Residual Field and Light Shift Based on 87Rb Atomic Magnetometer

Precise Measurement of Magnetic Shielding Residual Field and Light Shift Based on ⁸⁷Rb Atomic Magnetometer

The electric field changes the anomalous properties of the Mercedes Benz water model.

The influence of a homogeneous constant electric field on water properties was assessed. We used a simple two-dimensional statistical mechanical model called the Mercedes-Benz (MB) model of water in the study. The MB water molecules are two-dimensional disks with Gaussian arms that mimic the formation of hydrogen bonds. The model is modified with added charges for interaction with the electric field. The influence of the strength of the electric field on the water's properties was studied using Monte Carlo simulations. The structure and thermodynamics of the water were determined as a function of the strength of the electric field. We observed that the properties and phase transitions of the water in the low strength electric field does not change. In contrast, the high strength electric field shifts boiling and melting points as well as the position of the density maxima. After further increasing the strength of the electric field the density anomaly disappears.

Persistence and quality of vegetation cover in expired Conservation Reserve Program fields

AbstractFor nearly 40 years, the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) has implemented practices to reduce soil erosion, improve water quality, and provide habitat for wildlife and pollinators on highly erodible cropland in the United States. However, an approximately 40,470 ha (10 million acres) decline in enrolled CRP land over the last decade has greatly reduced the program's environmental benefits. We sought to assess the program's enduring benefits in the central and western United States by (1) determining the proportion of fields that persist in CRP cover after contracts expired, (2) identifying the type of agricultural production that CRP fields shift to after contract expiration, (3) comparing the vegetation characteristics of expired CRP fields that are persisting in CRP‐type cover with enrolled CRP fields, and (4) identifying differences in management activities (e.g., haying, grazing) between expired and enrolled CRP fields. We conducted edge‐of‐field vegetation cover surveys in 1092 CRP fields with contracts that expired ≥3 years prior and 1786 currently enrolled CRP fields in 14 states. We found that 41% of expired CRP fields retained at least half of their area in CRP‐type cover, with significant variation in persistence among regions ranging from 19% to 84%. When expired fields retained CRP vegetation, bare ground was low in all regions and grass cover was somewhat greater than in fields with current CRP contracts, but at the expense of forb cover in some regions. Evidence of more frequent management in expired CRP fields may explain differences between active and expired CRP fields. Overall, there is clear evidence that CRP‐type cover frequently persists and provides benefits for more than three years after contract expiration. Retaining CRP‐type cover, post‐contract, is an under‐recognized program benefit that persists across the central and western United States long after the initial retirement from cropland.

Effect of terahertz electromagnetic field on single-file water transport through a carbon nanotube.

With the advancement in terahertz technology, the terahertz electromagnetic field has been proven to be an effective strategy to tune the nanofluidic transport. In this study, we utilize molecular dynamics simulations to systematically analyze the transport of single-file water through a carbon nanotube (CNT) under terahertz electromagnetic fields, focusing on the CNT length, field strength, polarization direction and frequency. Strikingly, with the increase in field strength, the water flow exhibits a transition from normal to super permeation states because of the resonance effect, and the threshold field shifts to low values for long CNTs. The field component parallel to the CNT axis contributes to the resonance effect and increasing water flow, but the vertical component maintains the structure of the single-file water chain and even impedes the water flow. As a result, for a continuous change of field direction, the water flow changes from super permeation to normal states. With the increase in field frequency, the water flow also changes from super permeation to normal or even frozen states, where a higher frequency is required to trigger the super permeation states for lower field strength. Our results provide a comprehensive insight into the effect of terahertz electromagnetic field on the transport of single-file water chains and should have great implications for designing novel nanofluidic devices.

Magnetic correlations in the magnetic topological insulator (Cr,Sb)2Te3

Chromium-doped ${\mathrm{Sb}}_{2}{\mathrm{Te}}_{3}$ is a magnetic topological insulator (MTI), which belongs to the $(\mathrm{Sb},{\mathrm{Bi})}_{2}(\mathrm{Se},{\mathrm{Te})}_{3}$ family. When doped with the transition metals V, Cr, and Mn this family displays long-range ferromagnetic order above liquid nitrogen temperature and is currently intensely explored for quantum device applications. Despite the large magnetic ordering temperature, the experimental observation of dissipationless electrical transport channels, i.e., the quantum anomalous Hall effect, is limited in these materials to temperatures below $\ensuremath{\approx}2$ K. Inhomogeneities in the MTI have been identified as a major concern, affecting the coupling between the Dirac states and the magnetic dopants. Nevertheless, details on the local magnetic order in these materials are not well understood. Here, we report the study of the magnetic correlations in thin films using a combination of muon spin relaxation $(\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{SR})$, and magnetic soft x-ray spectroscopy and imaging. $\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{SR}$ provides two key quantities for understanding the microscopic magnetic behavior: The magnetic volume fraction, i.e., the percentage of the material that is ferromagnetically ordered, and the relaxation rate, which is sensitive to the magnetic static $(\ensuremath{\approx}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s})$ and dynamic disorder. By choosing different implantation depths for the muons, one can further discriminate between near-surface and bulk properties. No evidence for a surface enhancement of the magnetic ordering is observed, but, instead, we find evidence of small magnetically ordered clusters in a paramagnetic background, which are coupled. The significant magnetic field shift that is present in all samples indicates a percolation transition that proceeds through the formation and growth of magnetically ordered spin clusters. We further find that fluctuations are present even at low temperatures, and that there appears to be a transition between superparamagnetism and superferromagnetism.

Continuing education in diversity and multicultural factors: Current state psychology board requirements and a call to action

Objective: A growing body of literature shows the unequivocal importance of incorporating diversity-related factors into the practice of clinical neuropsychology. Thus, it is imperative that we continue to seek and obtain updated training and knowledge on how culture and diversity intersect with our clinical roles throughout our careers, not merely to satisfy initial coursework requirements. Although most professional organizations pertaining to clinical psychology – and thereby neuropsychology – strongly encourage the pursuit of training in diversity-related factors, explicit requirements for such training across one’s career are minimal. Method: The Asian Neuropsychological Association Advocacy Committee reviewed continuing education (CE) requirements for all US states. Results: We found that only 8 states mandated CE credits pertaining to diversity-related factors for the renewal of licensure. Discussion: Given how inseparable cultural competence is from any aspect of clinical work (and the harm that can be done if culture is not considered), it is essential that our field shift from aspirational guidance to firm requirements with regard to cultural competence and diversity-related training in psychology. Requiring CE units devoted to diversity-related factors represents one avenue to pursue this goal. This commentary outlines the current status of diversity-related CE for psychology licensure renewal and offers future directions for incorporating such training as a part of continuing professional development and education.

Foreign ManufacturingCompaniesandSocial Changes in Indonesia

Jepara, one of regency in Central Java, Indonesia, has experienced a wave of changes caused by modernization and globalization that occurred at the national level, which resulted in changes at the local level. The changes have resulted in dynamics and shifts in several fields, such as spatial, social, economic, and cultural fields. This paper tries to see the changes in society due to globalization with the entry of Foreign Manufacturing Companies (FMC) in Indonesia. These changes occurred in several fields, suchas economic, social, and cultural. This research was conducted on the people of Jepara, who started the arrival of FMC within a decade. By using qualitative research and an ethnographic approach by conducting in-depth observations and interviews with the community around the factory and local leaders. The results show that the entry of FMC around 2013 brought changes in spatial planning, with much land being converted. In addition, a significant change for the people of Jepara is the absorption of many productive workers, ultimately increasing their economy. However, the existence of the FMC also provides a lifestyle change, namely by changing the culture of the community, especially in socializing with the surrounding environment, hedonism, and disorder indriving. The above changes should be a serious concern from the relevant agencies or institutions so that Jepara becomes a conducive and adaptive area as an industrial area without losing the local wisdom of its people, namely a society that is always simple, religious, and optimistic.

Integrated magnetic resonance technique for the complete analysis of magnetic properties and interlayer interactions in two-layer film heterostructures ferromagnet/nonmagnetic metal

The paper proposes a technique based on the set of angular dependences of the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectra, which makes it possible to quantitatively determine the parameters of all in-plane and out-of-plane magnetic anisotropies, as well as the magnitude of the interlayer interaction in film two-layer ferromagnet/non-magnetic metal (FM/NM) heterostructures. The obtained value of the interlayer interaction, in turn, makes it possible to unambiguously determine the value of the spin-mixing conductance. The effectiveness of the technique was demonstrated using the example of the analysis of a two-layer film heterostructure La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/SrIrO3 (LSMO/SIO). In particular, the temperature dependences of the value of the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and the magnitude of the FMR resonant field shift, which is determined by the imaginary part of the spin-mixing conductance at the LSMO/SIO interface, are determined.

Lack of evidence for a fine-scale magnetic map sense for fall migratory Eastern North American monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus).

How first-time animal migrants find specific destinations remains an intriguing ecological question. Migratory marine species use geomagnetic map cues acquired as juveniles to aide long-distance migration, but less is known for long-distance migrants in other taxa. We test the hypothesis that naïve Eastern North American fall migratory monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus), a species that possesses a magnetic sense, locate their overwintering sites in Central Mexico using inherited geomagnetic map cues. We examined whether overwintering locations and the abundance of monarchs changed with the natural shift of Earth's magnetic field from 2004 to 2018. We found that migratory monarchs continued to overwinter at established sites in similar abundance despite significant shifts in the geomagnetic field, which is inconsistent with monarchs using fine-scale geomagnetic map cues to find overwintering sites. It is more likely that monarchs use geomagnetic cues to assess migratory direction rather than location and use other cues to locate overwintering sites.

Correlation-enhanced Goos-Hänchen shift in Rydberg atomic gases

We present here a theoretical investigation on the Goos-H\"anchen (GH) lateral shift of a probe field as it is reflected or transmitted from a three-layer system with a Rydberg atomic gas sandwiched between two dielectric slabs. Driven by this weak probe field and a strong-coupling field, Rydberg atoms with dipole-dipole interactions are capable of producing a nonlocal Kerr effect whose strength could far exceed the corresponding local Kerr effect at a rather low atomic density. The resultant GH shift is distinct from that observed in an extremely diluted atomic gas with negligible Rydberg-Rydberg interactions and has been examined in two particular cases specified by different coupling frequencies for a fixed probe frequency. In both cases, the nonlocal Kerr effect is found to result in an obvious enhancement of the GH shift and more importantly provide an alternative way for controlling the GH shift by varying the atomic density in an appropriate range. Finally, we present a possible realization of a highly sensitive displacement sensor by exploiting an approximately linear relation between the displacement of one dielectric slab and the GH shift of the probe field.

Muscles that move the retina augment compound eye vision in Drosophila.

Most animals have compound eyes, with tens to thousands of lenses attached rigidly to the exoskeleton. A natural assumption is that all of these species must resort to moving either their head ortheir body to actively change their visual input. However, classic anatomy has revealed that flies have muscles poised to move their retinas under the stable lenses of each compound eye1-3. Here we show that Drosophila use their retinal muscles to smoothly track visual motion, which helps to stabilize the retinal image, and also to perform small saccades when viewing a stationary scene. We show that when the retina moves, visual receptive fields shift accordingly, and that even the smallest retinal saccades activate visual neurons. Using a head-fixed behavioural paradigm, we find that Drosophila perform binocular, vergence movements of their retinas-which could enhance depth perception-when crossing gaps, and impairing the physiology of retinal motor neurons alters gap-crossing trajectories during free behaviour. That flies evolved an ability to actuate their retinas suggests that moving the eye independently of the head is broadly paramount for animals. The similarities of smooth and saccadic movements of the Drosophila retina and the vertebrate eye highlight a notable example of convergent evolution.

Continuing Terry Wood’s legacy of theory informing practice: Inspiring new teachers

ABSTRACT As a prospective mathematics teacher, the most inspiring observation I, Audrey, the first author, made about Terry Wood, from those who spoke at the May 2021 Memorial Event, was her passion for mathematics education as evidenced by the intermingling of her work and personal life. From the colleagues whom she invited to live in her home to the teachers she collaborated with to her son speaking of the ways his children’s grandma watched them become mathematics learners, it was clear that both her personal and professional life was dedicated to the field. The community that Terry created, inspired, and impacted is one that boldly and critically reflects on traditional methods, contributing to practical and lasting changes in the field. In particular, her work with social norms in the mathematics classroom and processes of argumentation inspires new teachers like me to embrace her ideas and vision and move them over the horizon, to see the field shift in positive directions and turn theories into practice.

A Simple, interpretable method to identify surprising topic shifts in scientific fields.

This paper proposes a text-mining framework to systematically identify vanishing or newly formed topics in highly interdisciplinary and diverse fields like cognitive science. We apply topic modeling via non-negative matrix factorization to cognitive science publications before and after 2012; this allows us to study how the field has changed since the revival of neural networks in the neighboring field of AI/ML. Our proposed method represents the two distinct sets of topics in an interpretable, common vector space, and uses an entropy-based measure to quantify topical shifts. Case studies on vanishing (e.g., connectionist/symbolic AI debate) and newly emerged (e.g., art and technology) topics are presented. Our framework can be applied to any field or any historical event considered to mark a major shift in thought. Such findings can help lead to more efficient and impactful scientific discoveries.

(Invited) Compact Design of HT Pefmc Stacks with Advanced Cooling

ADVENT Technologies is an innovation-driven company in the fuel cell and hydrogen technology space. Our vision is to accelerate electrification through advanced materials, components, and next-generation fuel cell technology. Our technology applies to electrification (fuel cells) and energy storage (flow batteries, hydrogen production) markets, and we intend to commercialize it through partnerships with Tier1s, OEMs, and System Integrators.In 2021 SerEnergy A/S, fischer Eco Systems and UltraCell LLC merged into one Advent organization, launching the Company into the forefront of fuel cell and systems companies that supply the entire technology chain from components to MEAs to stacks and systems. Currently Advent has operations in Boston, Massachusetts; Livermore, California (USA); Athens and Patras (GR); Aalborg (DK); Achern (DE); Manila (Philippines); and headquarters in Boston.Applications for the current HT PEM technology are limited to those that can operate on relatively lower current density compared to state-of-the-art LT PEM, and thus transportation applications were largely focused toward HT PEM stacks acting as efficient battery range extenders using fuels such as methanol. On the other hand, LT PEM fuel cell stacks are limited when it comes to heavy duty applications such as fuel cell electric trucks and aeronautical applications due to a limited heat gradient for cooling.A HT PEM MEA that operates at higher current over a wider range of temperatures including start up at under 100 °C would represent a paradigm shift in the HT PEM field and open up a wide range of new applications including competing in areas traditionally dominated by LT PEM while at the same time solving the burden of cooling for heavy duty applications. Furthermore, stacks that operate over 120 °C are amendable to advanced, compact cooling systems that have the potential to greatly reduce the fuel cell system weight and volume.In a competitive process, Advent was selected as the commercialization partner for a new HT PEM technology pioneered by US Department of Energy scientists at Los Alamos National Laboratories. This next generation HT PEM technology is based on strongly formed ion pairs between a charged membrane and phosphoric acid, and has been shown to operate at far higher current density than possible with current HT PEM MEAs while at the same time exhibiting substantially lower degradation rates. This presentation will focus on the current status of our commercialization of the ion pair technology as well as introduce innovative cooling methodologies that leverage the higher operating temperature of HT PEM.

Slight Shifts in Magnetic Field Preceded California Earthquakes

Magnetometers detected faint signals that with further study, may improve our understanding of what happens before earthquakes and offer promise for early detection.

SYNTHESIS OF THIAZOLOQUINAZOLINARYLTELLURID

Symmetric and asymmetric chalcogenides of organic nature are a class of organometallic compounds that are widely used as intermediates in a number of organic reactions, as ligands in the chemistry of coordination compounds, they have a wide range of biological activity. Diaryl tellurides, which are important for the formation of new carbon-carbon bonds, have a special area in the chemistry of organotelluric compounds. The synthesis of new representatives of this class of tellurium-containing compounds is an urgent task.
 One of the main methods of obtaining of diaryl tellurides is the interaction of arylboronic acids with diarylditellurides in the presence of various metal-containing catalysts or microwave radiation. In this paper, we have considered the method of obtaining asymmetric tellurides by the reaction of reduction of sodium sulfite with salts of thiazoloquinazolinaryl dichlorotellurides without the usage of catalysts.
 It was found that the reaction of 2-((dichloro(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-tellanyl)methyl)-2,3-dihydro-5H-thiazolo[2,3-b]quinazolin-5-one hydrochloride with triple excess of sodium sulfite leads to the formation of 2-((4-methoxyphenyl)tellanyl)methyl)-2,3-dihydro-5H-thiazolo [2,3-b]quinazolin-5-one. It should be noted that the recovery does not break the bond Te-C. In the analysis of spectral data, the signals of the protons of the thiazole cycle and the exocyclic aryltelluric fragment undergo a strong field shift.
 Thus, as a result of the reduction reaction of 2-((dichloro(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-tellanyl)methyl)-2,3-dihydro-5H-thiazolo[2,3-b]quinazolin-5-one hydrochloride, a biologically promising and suitable for further functionalization telluride was received.

Use of computer navigation and robotics in adult spinal deformity

Recent years have seen significant advancements in the implementation of computer-assisted surgery in spine. Enabling technologies like robots and navigation have been refined to compliment the field's shift towards minimally invasive techniques and to fit more seamlessly into the existing workflow. Robotic-surgery and navigation in deformity can be particularly helpful in cases where the severe curves of the spinal column or the abnormal pedicle anatomy make pedicle screw placement challenging with the use of traditional anatomic landmarks. Furthermore, the ability to pre-plan patient specific rods has opened the door for greater precision in rod contouring. Drawbacks of robotic-assisted surgery include the steep upfront cost, the need for additional staff and training and the lack of tactile feedback. This review will discuss the current state of navigation and robotics, with a specific focus on their applications to deformity surgery.