Shenfu Coal Research Articles

Cold-Model Study on Fluidized-Bed Photo-Oxidation Reactor for Shenfu Coal

The flow state of both the solid and gas phase in the fluidized-bed photo-oxidation reactor for Shenfu coal was studied by cold-model tests. The results showed that the appropriate pipe diameter, particle size of coal, and the coal addition for the gas-solid fluidized-bed reactor were 22 mm, 60-80 mesh, and 10g, respectively.

The Coal Oxidized by HNO3 on the Conductivity Effect of Coal-Based Polyaniline

The interation between aniline and shenfu-coal(SFC) was studied by the changes about acidic functional groups and the absence of coal macromolecules. The results showed that the acid content in coal is increased by HNO3, the conductivity of OCPANI, HNO3-OCEX-PANI, as well as SFCEX-PANI is lower than SFC-PANI. The macromolecular structure of the SFC play an important role,the macromolecular acid in coal only play the weak doping role.

Oxidation of Shenfu Coal with RuO4 and NaOCl

Shenfu coal (SFC) oxidation with RuO4 and NaOCl were studied and compared. Most of organic matter in SFC was converted into soluble species with either of the oxidants. Benzene polycarboxylic acids (BPCAs) and alkanoic acids (AAs) are the main products from the reactions. The products from SFC oxidation with RuO4 are rich in long-chain AAs, whereas those with NaOCl predominantly consist of chloro-substituted short-chain AAs and BPCAs. The related reaction mechanisms are discussed according to the experimental results.

Effect of Charring Temperature on the Composition and Solubility of Chars Formed from Rapid Heating of Shenfu Coal

A series of chars were prepared by rapidly heating Shenfu coal, a Chinese bituminous coal, to different temperatures. Ash, volatile matter, and elemental contents of the chars were compared. The chars were extracted with carbon disulfide, benzene, and tetrahydrofuran sequentially, and the extraction solutions were analyzed with gas chromatography/mass spectrometer (GC/MS). The results show that raising charring temperature increases the ash and carbon contents, but decreases the hydrogen and nitrogen contents as well as the solubility, while change in sulfur content is very small with charring temperature. A series of alkanes and polycyclic arenes were detected in the extraction solutions.

Catalytic effect of black liquor on the gasification reactivity of petroleum coke

CO 2 gasification of petroleum coke using black liquor as a catalyst was performed in a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) under temperatures 1223–1673 K at ambient pressure to evaluate the effect of black liquor loading on petroleum coke gasification. It was found that the gasification reactivity of petroleum coke was improved greatly by black liquor. The gasification reactivity was affected by different loading methods in the order: wet grinding > dry grinding > physical impregnation > dry mix. The catalytic activity of black liquor was higher than that of pure alkali metal. The effect of temperature on the gasification reactivity of petroleum coke was changed by black liquor. The reactivity reaches its maximum at 1573 K. The reactivity of petroleum coke was found higher than that of Shenfu coal when black liquor loading is 5 wt.% (of petroleum coke), clearly demonstrating that black liquor could be an effective catalyst for petroleum coke gasification.

A Study on the Applicability of Kinetic Models for Shenfu Coal Char Gasification with CO2 at Elevated Temperatures

In this paper, measurements of the CO2 gasification kinetics for two types of Shenfu coal chars, which were respectively prepared by slow and rapid pyrolysis at temperatures of 950 °C and 1,400 °C, were performed by an isothermal thermo-gravimetric analysis under ambient pressure and elevated temperature conditions. Simultaneously, the applicability of the kinetic model for the CO2 gasification reaction of Shenfu coal chars was discussed. The results showed: (i) the shrinking un-reacted core model was not appropriate to describe the gasification reaction process of Shenfu coal chars with CO2 in the whole experimental temperature range; (ii) at the relatively low temperatures, the modified volumetric model was as good as the random pore model to simulate the CO2 gasification reaction of Shenfu coal chars, while at the elevated temperatures, the modified volumetric model was superior to the random pore model for this process; (iii) the integral expression of the modified volumetric model was more favorable than the differential expression of that for fitting the experimental data. Moreover, by simply introducing a function: A = A★exp(ft), it was found that the extensive model of the modified volumetric model could make much better predictions than the modified volumetric model. It was recommended as a convenient empirical model for comprehensive simulation of Shenfu coal char gasification with under conditions close to those of entrained flow gasification.

Influence of coal blending on mineral transformation at high temperatures

Transformation of mineral matter is important for coal utilization at high temperatures. This is especially true for blended coal. XRD and FTIR were employed together to study the transformation of mineral matter at high temperature in blended coals. It was found that the concentration of catalytic minerals, namely iron oxides, increases with an increasing ratio of Shenfu coal, which could improve coal gasification. The transformation characteristics of the minerals in blended coals are not exactly predictable from the blend ratio. This was proved by comparing the iron oxide content to the blending ratio. The results from FTIR are comparable with those from XRD. FTIR is an effective method for examining variation in mineral matter.

Microwave-assisted extraction of Shenfu coal and its macromolecule structure

Coals consist of some molecules trapped within an organic matrix from which some organic compounds can be extracted by solvents. The Soxhlet technique has been widely used for extracting organic compounds. Microwave heating methods may be successfully applied in the field of coal science. Acetone extraction yields and the chemical composition of the extract were investigated using a typical Chinese coal, Shenfu coal, with microwave-assisted extraction. The acetone extract and residue were analyzed by GC/MS and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy respectively. The carbon spectra were converted into several numerical parameters, f a, Ha, X b, which indicate the difference in macromolecular structure between Shenfu coal and its residue. Furthermore, a hybrid genetic algorithm was employed using these parameters to approximate a coal macromolecule by assembling the structural fragments or functional groups into a large and complicated structure.

GC/MS analyses of fractionated extraction of Shenfu coal with CS2, n-hexane, benzene

Shenfu coal was extracted with CS2, n-hexane, benzene sequentially. The extracts were analyzed with GC/MS. It is presented that group seperation of soluble organic compounds in the coal can be achieved by fractionated extraction using different solvents. Main components in CS2 soluble fraction from Shenfu coal are alkyl-substituted arenes. Aliphatic hydrocarbons are overwhelmingly predominant in n-hexane-soluble fraction. Di-to tricyclic aramatic hydrocarbons are identified in benzene-soluble fraction. The molecular structures detection of 2, 4, 6-trichlorobenzenamine and 3, 3′, 4, 4′, 5, 5′-hexachloro-1, 1′-biphenyl and 2-chlorocyclohexanol firstly provide information for existence form of chlorine in coal.

Ruthenium Ion-Catalyzed Oxidation of Shenfu Coal and Its Residues

Shenfu coal (SFC), its liquefaction residue (RL), and carbon disulfide (CS2)/tetrahydrofuran (THF)-inextractable matter (RE) were subject to ruthenium ion-catalyzed oxidation to understand the differences in structural features among the above three samples. The results suggest that SFC is rich in long-chain arylalkanes and α,ω-diarylalkanes (DAAs) with carbon number of methylene linkage from 2 to 4 and that long-chain arylalkanes and DAAs are reactive toward hydroliquefaction and soluble in a CS2/THF mixed solvent, whereas highly condensed aromatic species in SFC show poor solubility in the CS2/THF mixed solvent.

Group separation and analysis of a carbon disulfide-soluble fraction from Shenfu coal by column chromatography

A carbon disulfide-soluble fraction (CDSSF) from Shenfu coal was separated into five fractions by silica-gel column chromatography using hexane and n-hexane/ethyl acetate binary eluent. The five fractions include four clear group fractions and a nonpolar fraction. All the fractions were analyzed by GC/MS. A total of 204 compounds were detected from the original CDSSF and its further separated fractions, with 173 compounds more than those detected by studying the original CDSSF directly. The results demonstrate a clear group separation by column chromatography in coal organic components and a more accessibility to coal components compared with the solvent extraction only.

Variation of Carbon Crystalline Structures and CO2 Gasification Reactivity of Shenfu Coal Chars at Elevated Temperatures

When the carbon crystalline structures of Shenfu coal chars were analyzed by XRD, they could be divided into two components with a relatively poor crystalline structure component (P component) and a relatively good crystalline structure component (G component). During the elevated temperature pyrolysis, a more prolonged thermal history and a higher pyrolysis temperature resulted in a larger fraction of the G component and the P component, respectively, and the graphitization of Shenfu coal chars was not quite easy. During the gasification, the consumption of the P component was larger than that of the G component. Besides, the CO{sub 2} gasification reactivity of Shenfu coal chars was also investigated by an isothermal thermogravimetric analysis at the ambient pressure and gasification temperatures of 950-1400{sup o}C. The pyrolysis heating rate had a significant effect on the reactivity of resulting chars, which was that the gasification activity of rapid pyrolysis chars was higher or several times higher than that of slow pyrolysis chars. As the gasification temperature was elevated, the reactivity of coal chars increased, while the increasing extent of the reactivity of coal chars was smaller and smaller above the ash fusion temperature and even almost unchanged in the higher temperature range. Themore » rate-controlling step of the gasification reaction changed gradually from the chemical reaction in the low temperature range (950-1150{sup o}C) to the gas diffusion in high temperature range (1150-1400{sup o}C). 32 refs., 11 figs., 7 tabs.« less

GC/MS Analysis of Organic Compounds in Hot Water-Extractable Fraction from Shenfu Coal

Abstract Shenfu Coal was extracted with hot pure water and slurry was isolated. The concentrated benzene-soluble fraction (CBSF) was analyzed with GC/MS and four types of organic compounds (OCs) were detected: HACOCs, DTEs, DMDT and LCAs. The amount of benzyl benzoate which is the most abundant OC was calculated by an internal standard method with an indicated amount of BP. The broken hydrogen bonds and ether bonds were responsible for the extraction of OCs from the coal. DTEs, DMDT and LCAs are essentially insoluble in water, whereas they are soluble, probably owing to intermolecular interaction of OCs with HACOCs.

Development and demonstration plant operation of an opposed multi-burner coal-water slurry gasification technology

The features of the opposed multi-burner (OMB) gasification technology, the method and process of the research, and the operation results of a pilot plant and demonstration plants have been introduced. The operation results of the demonstration plants show that when Beisu coal was used as feedstock, the OMB CWS gasification process at Yankuang Cathy Coal Co. Ltd had a higher carbon conversion of 3%, a lower specific oxygen consumption of about 8%, and a lower specific carbon consumption of 2%–3% than that of Texaco CWS gasification at the Lunan Fertilizer Plant. When Shenfu coal was used as feedstock, the OMB CWS gasification process at Hua-lu Heng-sheng Chemical Co. Ltd had a higher carbon conversion of more than 3%, a lower specific oxygen consumption of about 2%, and a lower specific coal consumption of about 8% than that of the Texaco CWS gasification process at Shanghai Coking & Chemical Corporation. The OMB CWS gasification technology is proven by industrial experience to have a high product yield, low oxygen and coal consumption and robust and safe operation.

Microwave-assisted hydroconversions of demineralized coal liquefaction residues from Shenfu and Shengli coals

Microwave-assisted hydroconversions of demineralized coal liquefaction residues (DCLRs) from Shenfu (SF) and Shengli coals were investigated using methanol or ethanol as the solvent for both reaction and extraction. The results show that the solubilities of hydroconverted DCLRs in methanol under 0.7 MPa of initial hydrogen pressure (IHP) follow the order: non-catalytic hydroconversion = activated carbon-catalyzed hydroconversion < Pd/C-catalyzed hydroconversion < Ni-catalyzed hydroconversion; the solubility of Ni-catalyzed hydroconverted DCLR from SF coal in methanol increases with raising temperature up to 140 °C and with increase in IHP; the solubility of Ni-catalyzed hydroconverted DCLR from SF coal in methanol under 0.7 MPa of IHP at 130 °C is higher than that in ethanol. The molecular compositions of the extractable fractions were analyzed with GC/MS and the structural features of some extractable and inextractable fractions were characterized with FTIR.

The influence of pressure and temperature on coal pyrolysis/gasification

AbstractThe aim of the study is mainly to understand the effect of pressure and temperature on the property of coal particles in pyrolysis/gasification. The pyrolysis of Shenfu (SF) coal sample and the gasification of resultant char were carried out in a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) under pressurized and ambient conditions. The gas released from coal pyrolysis was analyzed using a portable FTIR spectrometer connected to the TGA. Simultaneously, the surface structure and main chemical compounds of the pyrolyzed char particles were analyzed using gas sorption (ASAP2020), CNHS, etc. analysis instruments. First, the pyrolysis of SF coals was carried out in a pressurized TGA at various pressures (0.1, 0.8, 1.5, 3 and 5 Mpa) with a heating rate of 10 °C min−1 and a final temperature of 1000 °C. It was observed that higher pressures accelerated the devolatilization of coal samples at lower temperatures (&lt;500 °C), while the maximum mass loss rate was reduced, and the solid char yield increased with increasing pressure. The specific surface area and chemical components changed with changing system pressure. The gasification reactivity of the solid char particles obtained was analyzed using ambient thermal balance at 1000 °C, using CO2 as the gasifying agent. The gasification reactivity increased with increasing pyrolysis pressure. Then the pyrolysis of SF coal was carried out under different temperatures (500, 650, 800 and 1000 °C) at ambient and higher pressures (3 Mpa). With increasing temperature, the gas product from coal pyrolysis enhanced greatly at the expense of decreasing charcoal residue. The surface area of the char particles obtained were minimum at 800 °C (ambient pressure) and at 600 °C (3 Mpa). The gasification reactivity of solid charcoal residues decreased considerably with increasing pyrolysis temperature at ambient pressure, while at 3 Mpa a different result was obtained, with the highest gasification reactivity at 800 °C. Copyright © 2007 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

99/00010 Characteristics and distribution of petrographic constituents in Shenfu coal

99/00010 Characteristics and distribution of petrographic constituents in Shenfu coal

Zeta potential of different lithotypes in Shenfu coal

The zeta potential of different lithotypes of two coals with high content of inertinite in Shenfu Coalfield has been studied. Moreover, the effects of pH value and the addition of surfactants and inorganic salts on zeta potential have also been discussed. It has been concluded that the zero potential point (ZPP) of vitrain is between about 3.30 and 3.40 of pH value, but that of fusain is between 2.00 and 2.10 of pH value. Furthermore, it has been found that vitrain could reach its ZPP once a small amount of cationic surfactants and some inorganic salts were added to pulps. However, only when a large amount of cationic surfactants and some inorganic salts were added to pulps, could fusain reach its ZPP. The conclusions are useful in the efficient separation and preparation of single petrographic constituent.

96/00314 Study of the structure and components of tar from Shenfu coal

After the final shutdown of Ignalina NPP Unit 1 in 2004 and Unit 2 in 2009, total amount of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) is approximately 22,000 of fuel assemblies. Radionuclide content in SNF and its characteristics are initial data for analysis of various subjects such as radiation shielding, thermal analysis and other processes that can affect the performance of SNF storage or disposal facilities’ components. For instance, ageing of the components is influenced by decay heat, neutron and gamma radiation, external environment conditions, mechanical stresses, etc. The first two factors can be defined only after SNF characteristics are investigated and irradiation levels are determined. Experimental investigation of radionuclide content and characteristics in SNF is expensive and complicated, so numerical methods are widely used. In this paper, results of numerical modelling of spent RBMK-1500 nuclear fuel characteristics and its variation with time are presented. Modelling was performed using SCALE computer code system TRITON module. Some calculation results are compared with available experimental data for RBMK-1000 spent nuclear fuel and a rather good agreement between numerical and experimental results is identified. Comparison of calculated gamma and neutron sources, activities and decay heats shows that results for RBMK-1500 fuel with various enrichments differ by 10–20%.