Shell Counterparts Research Articles

MORPHOTYPE MATTERS: AN EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE MORPHOLOGICAL FIDELITY OF GASTROPOD STEINKERNS

Abstract Gastropods are commonly preserved as steinkerns (internal casts), a mode of fossilization that leads to loss of external morphological features. This loss of information is problematic for taxonomic identification and ecological inference in evaluating assemblages where original shell material is not preserved. We seek to quantify how closely gastropod steinkerns represent the morphology of their original shells. We investigated this relationship experimentally by fabricating steinkerns in silicone from modern gastropod shells and comparing their geometry to that of the shells we used to create them. In addition to recording traces of ornamentation such as ribs and spines, we used a theoretical morphospace framework to evaluate the fidelity of shell-coiling parameters in steinkerns. Our results show that some morphotypes reflect their taxonomic identification more accurately than others, indicating that steinkern fidelity is highly variable. Experimental steinkerns consistently cluster less reliably by morphotype than their original shell counterparts. Additionally, we find that shell thickness is an important factor in determining steinkern fidelity. The fidelity of the high-spired Duplicaria duplicata, for example, is significantly lower than the average value for the morphotypes investigated whereas the fidelity of planispiral Haplotrema concavum and open-coiling Epitonium is significantly higher, a trend related to shell thickness. Thus, taxonomic identification and subsequent analyses, such as community composition, of steinkern assemblages must recognize this differential fidelity to counter preservational biases.

Core-shell gold-copper nanoparticles: Evolution of copper shells on gold cores at different gold/copper precursor ratios

Core-shell nanostructures usually exhibit tunable catalytic properties in comparison with their single core or shell counterpart due to electronic interaction and lattice strain between the core and shell regions. Herein, we report the intriguing evolution of copper (Cu) shells on the gold (Au) cores at different Au/Cu precursor ratios during the synthesis of core-shell Au–Cu nanoparticles at an organic medium via seed-mediated growth method. In brief, at relatively low Cu ratios, quasi-spherical Au–Cu nanoparticles with conventional core-shell structures are the majority products, in which the Cu shell thickness increases with the increase of Cu precursor ratios. The difference is that at high Cu ratios, the Cu shells no longer increase their thickness, but evolve into a dendritic structure. Interestingly, the core-shell Au–Cu nanoparticles with dendritic Cu shells could be transformed into interesting Au–Cu cage-bell structures after a ripening process at elevated temperature. Further, through galvanic replacement reaction with Pt precursors, the thin Cu shells could be converted into CuPt alloy shells on the Au cores, which exhibit enhanced activity towards methanol oxidation reaction with satisfactory durability, in comparison with that of commercial Pt/C catalysts.

Multifunctional Janus Nanoplatform for Efficiently Synergistic Theranostics of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Progress has been made in the application of nanomedicine in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment. However, the whole process of monitoring and treatment of RA remains a formidable challenge due to the complexity of the chronic autoimmune disease. In this study, we develop a Janus nanoplatform (denoted as Janus-CPS) composed of CeO2-Pt nanozyme subunit on one side and periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) subunit on another side for simultaneous early diagnosis and synergistic therapy of RA. The Janus nanostructure, which enables more active sites to be exposed, enhances the reactive oxygen species scavenging capability of CeO2-Pt nanozyme subunit as compared to their core-shell counterpart. Furthermore, micheliolide (MCL), an extracted compound from natural plants with anti-osteoclastogenesis effects, is loaded into the mesopores of PMO subunit to synergize with the anti-inflammation effect of nanozymes for efficient RA treatment, which has been demonstrated by in vitro cellular experiments and in vivo collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model. In addition, by taking advantage of the second near-infrared window (NIR-II) fluorescent imaging, indocyanine green (ICG)-loaded Janus-CPS exhibits desirable effectiveness in detecting RA lesions at a very early stage. It is anticipated that such a Janus nanoplatform may offer an alternative strategy of functional integration for versatile theranostics.

A Simulation Study of SiGe Shell Channel CFET for Sub-2-nm Technology Nodes

In this article, a SiGe shell complementary FET (CFET) composed of an inversion mode (IM) nFET and a junctionless accumulation mode pFET under 2-nm (N2) and 1.5-nm (N1.5) technology nodes was studied for the characteristics of a single device and the CMOS logic circuit using 3-D numerical simulation. A comparison study between Si shell nanosheet and SiGe shell CFET with a Ge mole fraction in the range of 0.5–0.9. Compared with the Si shell nanosheet (NS), the SiGe shell CFET improves the ON-state current, transconductance, transition frequency, and intrinsic delay up to 29%, 32%, 31%, and 21%, respectively. Due to the mobility improvement in SiGe shell CFET, the fall time, rise time, propagation delay, and maximum operating frequency of the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text {Si}_{{0.5}}\text {Ge}_{{0.5}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> shell CFET are also improved up to 2%, 43%, 3%, and 3%, respectively, compared with their Si shell counterparts. This SiGe shell CFET has a lower parasitic RC, a smaller layout area, and better analog and digital performance at the sub-2-nm technology node. This makes it a promising architecture for future high-performance CMOS logic applications.

Modulation of Mo–Fe–C Sites Over Mesoscale Diffusion‐Enhanced Hollow Sub‐Micro Reactors Toward Boosted Electrochemical Water Oxidation

AbstractSimultaneously engineering the mesoscale mass transfer and surface reactions on the electrode can promote the kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, it is reported that the simultaneous modulation of the mesoscale diffusion and Mo–Fe–C sites formation over monodispersed hollow Fe@MoS2–C sub‐micro reactors for boosted OER performance. According to finite element simulation and analysis, the hollow nanostructured MoS2–C host possesses better mesoscale diffusion properties than its solid and yolk–shell counterparts. Notably, the sulfur vacancies and intercalated carbon in the sub‐micro reactor offer a unique microenvironment for Fe anchoring on Mo–Fe–C sites. The stability and activity of the sites are revealed by theoretical calculations. The resultant Fe@MoS2‐C presents an OER overpotential of 194 mV, which is much better than those of the Fe‐based single‐atom catalysts reported in the data. This monodispersed sub‐micro reactor involves the modulation of mesoscale diffusion and single‐atom sites, and it may have broad prospects for complex electrocatalytic reactions.

Sequential Assembly Tailored Interior of Porous Carbon Spheres for Boosted Water Decontamination through Peroxymonosulfate Activation

AbstractSelf‐assembly is an appealing strategy for preparing nanospheres with different interiors, which are essential for their applications. Although many assembly strategies have been proposed, controlling the assembly processes from kinetic aspects is a big challenge. Here, by employing the different reaction kinetics of the assembly precursors, a sequential assembly strategy is proposed to tailor the interior structure of porous carbon spheres. Through changing the feeding interval of resin and silica precursors from 0 to 60 min, their nucleation order can be controlled in the assembly process to prepare porous carbon spheres (≈450 nm in size) with tunable type (i.e., hollow or solid) and size (from less than 100 nm to around 230 nm) of interiors. The hollow spheres exhibit over three times the catalytic activity of the core–shell counterparts for activating peroxymonosulfate to remove organic water contaminants, and the activity can be further improved by decreasing the cavity size. These results show the great significance of the sequential assembly strategy for interior engineering of nanospheres. This work opens up a new approach for rational design and synthesis of interior‐structured nanospheres.

XMMU J050722.1−684758: discovery of a new Be X-ray binary pulsar likely associated with the supernova remnant MCSNR J0507−6847

ABSTRACT We report the discovery of a new high-mass X-ray binary pulsar, XMMU J050722.1−684758, possibly associated with the supernova remnant (SNR) MCSNR J0507−6847 in the Large Magellanic Cloud, using XMM–NewtonX-ray observations. Pulsations with a periodicity of 570 s are discovered from the Be X-ray binary XMMU J050722.1−684758 confirming its nature as a HMXB pulsar. The HMXB is located near the geometric centre of the SNR MCSNR J0507−6847(0.9 arcmin from the centre) which supports the XRB-SNR association. The estimated age of the SNR is 43–63 kyr years which points to a middle aged to old SNR. The large diameter of the SNR combined with the lack of distinctive shell counterparts in optical and radio indicates that the SNR is expanding into the tenuous environment of the superbubble N103. The estimated magnetic field strength of the neutron star is B ≳ 1014 G assuming a spin equilibrium condition which is expected from the estimated age of the parent remnant and assuming that the measured mass-accretion rate remained constant throughout.

FeCo Nanoparticle-Loaded Nutshell-Derived Porous Carbon as Sustainable Catalyst in Al-Air Batteries

Developing a high-performance ORR (oxygen reduction reaction) catalyst at low cost has been a challenge for the commercialization of high-energy density and low production cost aluminium-air batteries. Herein, we report a catalyst, prepared by pyrolyzing the shell waste of peanut or pistachio, followed by concurrent nitrogen-doping and FeCo alloy nanoparticle loading. Large surface area (1246.4 m 2 g -1 ) of pistachio shell-derived carbon can be obtained by combining physical and chemical treatments of the biomass. Such a large surface area carbon eases nitrogen doping and provides more nucleation sites for FeCo alloy growth, furnishing the resultant catalyst (FeCo/N-C-Pistachio) with higher content of N, Fe, and Co with a larger electrochemically active surface area as compared to its peanut shell counterpart (FeCo/N-C-Peanut). The FeCo/N-C-Pistachio displays a promising onset potential of 0.93 V vs. RHE and a high saturating current density of 4.49 mA cm -2 , suggesting its high ORR activity. An aluminium-air battery, with FeCo/N-C-Pistachio catalyst on the cathode and coupled with a commercial aluminium 1100 anode, delivers a power density of 99.7 mW cm -2 and a stable discharge voltage at 1.37 V over 5 h of operation. This high-performance, low-cost, and environmentally sustainable electrocatalyst shows potential for large-scale adoption of aluminium-air batteries.

Passivating Nucleobases Bring Charge Transfer Character to Optically Active Transitions in Small Silver Nanoclusters.

DNA-wrapped silver nanoclusters (DNA-AgNCs) are known for their efficient luminescence. However, their emission is highly sensitive to the DNA sequence, the cluster size, and its charge state. To get better insights into photophysics of these hybrid systems, simulations based on density functional theory (DFT) are performed. Our calculations elucidate the effect of the structural conformations, charges, solvent polarity, and passivating bases on optical spectra of DNA-AgNCs containing five and six Ag atoms. It is found that inclusion of water in calculations as a polar solvent media results in stabilization of nonplanar conformations of base-passivated clusters, while their planar conformations are more stable in vacuum, similar to the bare Ag5 and Ag6 clusters. Cytosines and guanines interact with the cluster twice stronger than thymines, due to their larger dipole moments. In addition to the base-cluster interactions, hydrogen bonds between bases notably contribute to the structure stabilization. While the relative intensity, line width, and the energy of absorption peaks are slightly changing depending on the cluster charge, conformations, and base types, the overall spectral shape with five well-resolved bands at 2.5-5.5 eV is consistent for all structures. Independent of the passivating bases and the cluster size and charge, the low energy optical transitions at 2.5-3.5 eV exhibit a metal to ligand charge transfer (MLCT) character with the main contribution emerging from Ag-core to the bases. Cytosines facilitate the MLCT character to a larger degree comparing to the other bases. However, the doublet transitions in clusters with the open shell electronic structure (Ag5 and Ag6+) result in appearance of additional red-shifted (<2.5 eV) and optically weak band with negligible MLCT character. The passivated clusters with the closed shell electronic structure (Ag5+ and Ag6) exhibit higher optical intensity of their lowest transitions with much higher MLCT contribution, thus having better potential for emission, than their open shell counterparts.

CuInS2 Quantum Dots with Thick ZnSexS1–x Shells for a Luminescent Solar Concentrator

The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of copper indium sulfide (CIS) quantum dots (QDs) improves significantly after a shelling procedure as the shell materials, like zinc sulfide, mitigate surface defects and reduce nonradiative recombinations. However, it is widely observed that the PLQY reduces when QDs are cast as a solid film from their solution, and PL peak emission also red-shifts, which suggests a relaxation of the quantum confinement effect. This could be due to thin zinc sulfide shells. Unlike cadmium-based QDs, reports on a thick zinc chalcogenide shell on CIS QDs are limited. Efforts to grow larger shells have been stymied by zinc diffusion toward the core, causing cation exchange and alloy formation. Thick zinc chalcogenide shell growth typically requires higher temperatures, a regime which would irreversibly degrade the PL of a CIS QD. Here, we develop a technique to grow thicker shells on CIS QDs to improve the quantum confinement effect between the QDs. With these thick shell CIS QDs, we demonstrate better emission as well as thermal and chemical stability. Finally, we demonstrate their application in a luminescent solar concentrator and showed that it has better light harvesting characteristics than its thin shell counterpart.

Spatial localization of endothelial cells in heterotypic spheroids influences Notch signaling.

Cell-based therapeutic approaches are an exciting strategy to replenish compromised endothelial cell (EC) populations that contribute to impaired vasculogenesis. Co-cultures of ECs and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can enhance neovascularization over ECs alone, but the efficacy of cells is limited by rapid cell death upon implantation. Co-culture spheroids exhibit improved survival compared with monodisperse cells, yet little is known about the influence of spatial regulation of ECs within co-culture spheroids. We hypothesized that EC sprouting from co-culture spheroids is a function of EC spatial localization. We formed co-culture spheroids containing ECs and MSCs in two formats: ECs uniformly distributed throughout the spheroid (i.e., mixed) or seeded on the perimeter of the MSC core (i.e., shell). Qualitative observations suggested increased vasculogenesis for mixed co-culture spheroids compared with shell conformations as early as day 3, yet quantitative metrics did not reveal significant differences in network formation between these 3D structures. Notch3 expression demonstrated significant increases in cell-cell communication in mixed conformations compared with shell counterparts. Furthermore, knockdown of Notch3 in MSCs abrogated the vasculogenic potential of mixed spheroids, supporting its role in promoting EC-MSC contacts. This study highlights the direct impact of EC-MSC contacts on sprouting and provides insight to improve the quality of network formation. KEY MESSAGES: • Endothelial cell (EC) localization can be controlled in co-culture EC-MSC spheroids. • Mixed spheroids exhibit consistent networks compared to shell counterparts. • Differences in NOTCH3 were observed between mixed and shell spheroids. • NOTCH3 may be a necessary target for improved vasculogenic potential.

Ammonia-etching-assisted nanotailoring of manganese silicate boosts faradaic capacity for high-performance hybrid supercapacitors

Nanotailoring of active manganese silicate with an average particle size of about 20 nm is realized by an ammonia-etching-assisted route, delivering a 3.55-times higher faradaic capacity than the traditional yolk–shell counterpart in hybrid supercapacitors.

Low-carrier density and fragile magnetism in a Kondo lattice system.

Kondo-based semimetals and semiconductors are of extensive current interest as a viable platform for strongly correlated states in the dilute carrier limit. It is thus important to explore the routes to understand such systems. One established pathway is through the Kondo effect in metallic nonmagnetic analogs, in the so called half-filling case of one conduction electron and one 4f electron per site. Here, we demonstrate that Kondo-based semimetals develop out of conduction electrons with a low-carrier density in the presence of an even number of rare-earth sites. We do so by studying the Kondo material Yb3Ir4Ge13 along with its closed-4f -shell counterpart, Lu3Ir4Ge13. Through magnetotransport, optical conductivity, and thermodynamic measurements, we establish that the correlated semimetallic state of Yb3Ir4Ge13 below its Kondo temperature originates from the Kondo effect of a low-carrier conduction-electron background. In addition, it displays fragile magnetism at very low temperatures, which in turn, can be tuned to a Griffiths-phase-like regime through Lu-for-Yb substitution. These findings are connected with recent theoretical studies in simplified models. Our results can pave the way to exploring strong correlation physics in a semimetallic environment.

Synthesis and Comparative Biological Properties of Ag-PEG Nanoparticles with Tunable Morphologies from Janus to Multi-Core Shell Structure.

Silver nanoparticles synthesized with polymers as coating agents is an effective method to overcome their poor stability and aggregation in solution. Silver-polyethylene glycol (Ag-PEG) nanoparticles were synthesized with the thiol-functionalized polyethylene glycol (SH-PEA) as the coating, reducing and stabilizing agent. The UV irradiation time, polymer and silver nitrate concentration for the synthesis were investigated. The concentration of silver nitrate had significant effect on the morphology of Ag-PEG nanoparticles. When increasing the concentration of silver nitrate, SEM and TEM images showed that Ag-PEG nanoparticles changed from Janus to multi-core shell structure. Meanwhile, pure silver particles in the two hybrid nanoparticles presented spherical shape and had the similar size of 15 nm. The antibacterial activities and cytotoxicity of the two structural Ag-PEG nanoparticles were investigated to understand colloid morphology effect on the properties of AgNPs. The results of antibacterial activities showed that the two structural Ag-PEG nanoparticles exhibited strong antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. The Janus nanoparticles had larger minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bacterial concentration (MBC) values than the multi-core shell counterparts. The results of cytotoxicity showed the Janus Ag-PEG nanoparticles had lower toxicity than the multi-core shell nanoparticles.

Ultrahigh-performance pseudocapacitor based on phase-controlled synthesis of MoS2 nanosheets decorated Ni3S2 hybrid structure through annealing treatment

In this work, a hierarchical Ni3S2@MoS2 hybrid structure was synthesized by an effective strategy with a combined hydrothermal route and subsequent annealing treatment. When tested as supercapacitor electrodes, the Ni3S2@MoS2 composites exhibited high specific capacitance of 1418.5Fg−1 at 0.5Ag−1, which also showed a good capacitance retention of 75.8% at 5Ag−1 after 1250 cycles. The Ni3S2@MoS2 composites demonstrated 1.9 fold higher specific capacitance compared to the amorphous shell counterpart (NixSy@MoS2). Furthermore, the assembled asymmetric supercapacitor (Ni3S2@MoS2//rGO) also demonstrated a capacitance of 61Fg−1 at 0.5Ag−1, with energy and power densities of 21.7Whkg−1 at 400Wkg−1 and 12Whkg−1 at 2400Wkg−1 under an operating window of 1.6V. The asymmetric supercapacitor also showed a favorable cycle stability with 72% capacity retention over 4000 cycles at 10Ag−1. The improved electrochemical performance is attributed to the synergetic effect of the large accessible surface area and optimal contacts between the MoS2 and the electrolyte, as well as high capacitance of the metallic Ni3S2 core.

ZnO@MnO2 Core–Shell Nanofiber Cathodes for High Performance Asymmetric Supercapacitors

Asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs) with aqueous electrolyte medium have recently become the focus of increasing research. For high performance ASCs, selection of cathode materials play a crucial role, and core-shell nanostructures are found to be a good choice. We successfully synthesized, ZnO@MnO2 core-shell nanofibers (NFs) by modification of high-aspect-ratio-electrospun ZnO NFs hydrothermally with MnO2 nanoflakes. High conductivity of the ZnO NFs and the exceptionally high pseudocapacitive nature of MnO2 nanoflakes coating delivered a specific capacitance of 907 Fg-1 at 0.6 Ag-1 for the core-shell NFs. A simple and cost-effective ASC construction was demonstrated with ZnO@MnO2 NFs as a battery-type cathode material and a commercial-quality activated carbon as a capacitor-type anode material. The fabricated device functioned very well in a voltage window of 0-2.0 V, and a red-LED was illuminated using a single-celled fabricated ASC device. It was found to deliver a maximum energy density of 17 Whkg-1 and a power density of 6.5 kWkg-1 with capacitance retention of 94% and Coulombic efficiency of 100%. The novel architecture of the ZnO@MnO2 core-shell nanofibrous material implies the importance of using simple design of fiber-based electrode material by mere changes of core and shell counterparts.

Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of a Au@Au Core–Shell Structure Containing a Spiky Shell

We have synthesized a novel Au@Au core–shell structure containing a spiky shell and characterized the surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) of such a structure. The experimental and calculated SERS intensities for probe molecules residing between the core and shell are considerably higher in this structure containing a spiky shell, when compared to the smooth shell counterpart. Moreover, the SERS intensities for probe molecules residing on the outside of the spiky core–shell structure are comparable to those measured for the dye residing between the core and shell and similar to that of a gold nanostar. Finite-difference time-domain calculations in combination with hybridization theory are able to predict the extinction spectral features and show that the field enhancements are considerably larger than the smooth core–shell structure throughout the visible and infrared regions of the spectrum. This spiky Au@Au core–shell system shows excellent promise as a next generation SERS nanotag, in which encap...

Study on the corrosion protection performance of new ferrite/kaolin core-shell pigments in epoxy-based paints

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to prepare core-shell ferrites/kaolin pigments and compare their efficiency in protecting metal substrates to original ferrites. The new pigments are based on precipitating a shell of different ferrites that comprise only 10-20 per cent of the whole pigment on kaolin (core), which is a cheap and abundant ore comprising 80-90 per cent of the prepared pigment. These new pigments combine the properties of both its core and shell counter-parts, exhibiting improved corrosion protection properties. Furthermore, the pigments are represented as efficient, economically feasible and eco-friendly with comparable efficiency to that of original ferrites in protecting steel substrates. Design/methodology/approach – The new pigments were characterized using different analytical and spectrophotometric techniques, e.g. transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray fluorescence. The pigments were then incorporated in epoxy-based paint formulations. The physico-mechanical properties of dry films and their corrosion properties were tested using accelerated laboratory tests in 3.5 per cent NaCl for 28 days. Findings – The results of this study revealed that ferrite/kaolin core-shell pigments performance was almost close to that of the ferrite pigments in the protection of steel, and, at the same time, they confirmed good physico-mechanical properties. Practical implications – These pigments can be applied in other polymer composites, e.g. rubber and plastics, as fillers and reinforcing agents. Originality/value – Ferrite and ferrite/kaolin are environmentally friendly pigments, and they can impart high anticorrosive behavior to paint films with concomitant cost savings.

Carbon/carbon nanotube-supported RuO2 nanoparticles with a hollow interior as excellent electrode materials for supercapacitors

Tailoring the internal structure of nanomaterials is an effective way to enhance their performance for a given application. Herein, a core–shell templated approach is demonstrated to fabricate carbon or carbon nanotube-supported hollow structured RuO2 nanoparticles as excellent electrode materials for supercapacitors. This strategy involves the synthesis of core–shell Ag–Ru nanoparticles, and subsequent loading on carbon or carbon nanotube support. Then the Ag component is removed from the core region using saturated aqueous Na2S solution to generate hollow structured Ru nanoparticles on carbon or carbon nanotube support, which are then converted into RuO2 with intact hollow structure by thermal treatment in air. In particular, the as-prepared carbon or carbon nanotube-supported hollow RuO2 nanoparticles for a supercapacitor adopting the H2SO4 electrolyte exhibit high specific capacitances of 817.1 and 819.9Fg−1, respectively, at a current density of 0.2Ag−1. The specific capacitances for hRuO2/C, hRuO2/CNT nanocomposites were maintained at 805.8 and 770.2Fg−1, respectively, at current density of 0.5Ag−1 with good cycle stability. The comparison in electrochemical performance between the hollow structured RuO2 and their core–shell counterparts for a capacitor manifests that the preparation of RuO2 nanoparticles with hollow interiors is favorable for the enhancement in their capacitive behavior.

Hydrolytic dehydrogenation of ammonia borane and methylamine borane catalyzed by graphene supported Ru@Ni core–shell nanoparticles

Ru@Ni core–shell nanoparticles (NPs) supported on graphene have been synthesized by one-step in situ co-reduction of aqueous solution of ruthenium (III) chloride, nickel (II) chloride, and graphene oxide (GO) with ammonia borane (AB) as the reducing agent under ambient condition. The as-synthesized NPs exhibit much higher catalytic activity for hydrolytic dehydrogenation of AB than the monometallic, bimetallic alloy (RuNi/graphene), and graphene-free core–shell (Ru@Ni) counterparts. Additionally, the Ru@Ni/graphene NPs facilitate the hydrolysis of AB, with the turnover frequency (TOF) value of 340 mol H2 min−1 (mol Ru)−1, which is among the highest value reported on Ru-based NPs so far, and even higher than the reversed Ni@Ru NPs. Furthermore, the as-prepared NPs exert satisfied durable stability and magnetically recyclability for the hydrolytic dehydrogenation of AB and methylamine borane (MeAB). Moreover, this simple synthetic method can be extended to other Ru-based bimetallic core–shell systems for more applications.