Sheet Of White Paper Research Articles

Ectoparasitic profile of apparently healthy chicken in Agbani, Enugu State, Nigeria

Parasites constitute a major obstacle to poultry production, leading to significant losses in many poultry farms. The study examined the prevalence of ectoparasites on healthy poultry chickens in eight selected poultry farms in Agbani, Enugu State between the months of February and March 2023. A total of 300 chickens were examined from local and commercial farms. The farms comprised of 5 free-breed local farms (115 birds) and 3 commercial farms (185 birds) . Each of the sampled bird was placed on a white sheet of paper and examined for ectoparasite by ruffling the feathers with fine blunt toothed brush. Different parts of the body were thoroughly examined and in some cases with the aid of hand lens. Ectoparasites that fell on the paper were collected for further identification. The results showed that out of the 300 chickens sampled 130(43.3%) were found positive with ectoparasites. Two group of ectoparasites were identified from the sampled farms which were lice and mite. Lice occurred more in prevalence at 125(41.6%) in local farms than in commercial farms. Four species of lice identified were Liperus caponis (wing lice at 54(41.5%), Goniodes gigas (large chicken lies) at 33(25.3%), Menopon gallinae (shaft lice) at 31(23.8%) and Goniocotes gallinae (fluff lice) at 7(5.3%) while the two species of mite identified were Dermanyssus gallinae (red mite) at 4(3%) and Knemidocoptes mutans (scaly leg mite) at 1(0.7%). Multiple infestations of lice and mites were encountered only in local farms L2: 20(90%) lice, 2(9%) mite; L4: 18(90%) lice, 2(10%) mite and L5: 17(94%) lice, 1(5%) mite. The study indicated that ectoparasites were highly prevalent in free-breed local chicken and may be associated with poor hygienic practices. Therefore, application of integrated control strategy, good management practices and high level of proper hygiene practices are recommended.

Faunistic and diagnostics of predaceous spiders in rice ecosystem under Terai region of West Bengal

Aim: Analyzing the community structure of predatory spider fauna in rice ecosystems to facilitate conservation biological control and sustainable pest management programmes. Methodology: The spiders were collected from rice field with cultivated variety (MTU-7029) during both Kharif and Rabi seasons at different rice growth stages. The spiders collected by various sampling methods such as direct catch in polythene carry bags, ground collection and foliage collection were kept in collection bottles and killed by inserting a strip of cotton dipped in chloroform and transferred separately on a white sheet of paper. Thereafter, using a stereo zoom microscope (ZEISS Stemi 508), the spiders were sorted, separated, counted, identified based on the available keys and literature described by Tikader (1987) and Barrion and Litsinger (1995). The unidentified samples were sent to the Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata for authorized identification. Results: In total, sixteen different species of predatory spiders belonging to six families of order Araneae and representing four functional/foraging guilds were identified in the rice ecosystem of Sub-Himalayan Terai region of West Bengal. These included Lycosa pseudoannulata Boesenberg & Strand and Arctosa tanakai Barrion & Litsinger; Oxyopes lineatipes C.L. Koch, Oxyopes javanus Thorell and Oxyopes salticus Hentz; Bianor sp. and Hasarius adansoni Audouin, while the family Thomisidae was represented by a single species Thomisius sp. All these eight species constituted the non web former group of spiders. The web weaving spiders recorded were Tetragnatha maxillosa Thorell, Tetragnatha mandibulata Walckenaer. Tetragnatha javana Thorell, Leucage decorate Walckenaer, Leucage celesbesiana Walckenaer and Neoscona theisi Walckenaer, Neoscona mukerjei Tikader, Araneus sp. Interpretation: The lynx spiders (Oxyopidae) were found to be the most dominant group by individual numbers, followed by the wolf spiders (Lycosidae), however, considering the species richness, the long jawed spiders (Tetragnathidae) were in large number with five different species. Good agricultural practices along with habitat diversification of landscapes are imperative for enhancing the predation by rice field spiders. Key words: Dominance, Foraging guilds, Predatory spiders, Rice, Species richness, Terai region

Assessment of the size and shape of berries using the ImageJ program on the example of honeysuckle

Background. Digital technologies are increasingly used in agriculture to solve a variety of problems. However, in horticulture and industrial production of fruit and berry crops, qualitative evaluation and scoring of the most important morphological indicators of fruits are still common, and measurements are carried out manually. The aim of this study was to develop an algorithm for using the ImageJ package for quick and accurate measurements of the size and shape of berries.Materials and methods. The material included 190 berries of 3 blue honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L.) cultivars: ‘Amazonka’, ‘Lazurit’, and ‘Lenita’. The berries were laid out on a white sheet of paper with a ruler on top of the glass and photographed with additional lighting from below. The analysis of the obtained images was carried out using the public domain package ImageJ (v. 1.51k) and included automatic search for objects and their measurement by 7 indicators: area, perimeter, maximum and minimum Feret diameters, aspect ratio, circularity, and surface roundness (1-Solidity). Statistical analysis included the calculation of the minimum, maximum and mean values with a nonparametric 95% CI (bootstrap, percentile method), comparison of cultivars using the Kruskal–Wallis test, and search for the most typical objects based on the results of a between-group PCA.Results. It was shown how the size and shape indicators from the ImageJ package related to classical measurements in pomology, including length, diameter, and berry shape index. For all indicators, the differences between cultivars were highly statistically significant (p < 0.001). The prospects of using the surface roughness index for quantitative characterization of the degree of deviation of fruits from their natural shape due to mechanical and other deformations are discussed.Conclusion. The results of the automatic image analysis in the ImageJ package can be used in horticulture, breeding, and production of fruits and berries.

Classification of Fruit Flies by Gender in Images Using Smartphones and the YOLOv4-Tiny Neural Network

The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is a classic research object in genetics and systems biology. In the genetic analysis of flies, a routine task is to determine the offspring size and gender ratio in their populations. Currently, these estimates are made manually, which is a very time-consuming process. The counting and gender determination of flies can be automated by using image analysis with deep learning neural networks on mobile devices. We proposed an algorithm based on the YOLOv4-tiny network to identify Drosophila flies and determine their gender based on the protocol of taking pictures of insects on a white sheet of paper with a cell phone camera. Three strategies with different types of augmentation were used to train the network. The best performance (F1 = 0.838) was achieved using synthetic images with mosaic generation. Females gender determination is worse than that one of males. Among the factors that most strongly influencing the accuracy of fly gender recognition, the fly’s position on the paper was the most important. Increased light intensity and higher quality of the device cameras have a positive effect on the recognition accuracy. We implement our method in the FlyCounter Android app for mobile devices, which performs all the image processing steps using the device processors only. The time that the YOLOv4-tiny algorithm takes to process one image is less than 4 s.

The Art of Sim-Making: What to Learn from Film-Making.

The components of each stage have similarities as well as differences, which make each unique in its own right. As the film-making and the movie industry may have much we can learn from, some of these will be covered under the different sections of the paper, for example, “Writing Powerful Narratives,” depiction of emotional elements, specific industry-driven developments as well as the “cultural considerations” in both.For medical simulation and simulation-based education, the corresponding stages are as follows: DevelopmentPreproductionProductionPostproduction andDistribution. The art of sim-making has many similarities to that of film-making. In fact, there is potentially much to be learnt from the film-making process in cinematography and storytelling. Both film-making and sim-making can be seen from the artistic perspective as starting with a large piece of blank, white sheet of paper, which will need to be colored by the “artists” and personnel involved; in the former, to come up with the film and for the latter, to engage learners and ensure learning takes place, which is then translated into action for patients in the actual clinical care areas. Both entities have to go through a series of systematic stages.For film-making, the stages are as follows: Identification of problems and needs analysisSetting objectives, based on educational strategiesImplementation of the simulation activityDebriefing and evaluation, as well asFine-tuning for future use and archiving of scenarios/cases.

HUḌŪRI (INNATE IDEA) SEBAGAI BASIS PENGETAHUAN

Empiricism is a philosophical school that focuses knowledge only on the senses. One of the characters is John Locke. In Locke's view, he emphasized that knowledge comes from observations we make of our own surroundings with a tool called John Locke sensing, which he considers this as a white sheet of paper (tabularasa) and rejects innate ideas. Locke views reason as a passive shelter receiving the results of the senses. Locke considered what he called knowledge to be a composite of ideas derived from sensory experience. Locke generalizes to knowledge. The research aims to answer the problems that arise from Locke's view by criticizing the theory of tabularasa based on huduri science by using huduri according to Tabataba'i. as for this research using qualitative methods and literature. As for analyzing the data using a theory demonstration criticism approach. From the research that has been done by the author, it shows that huduri science is the capital for every knowledge, even for knowledge that is preceded by the senses. Because in essence knowledge is something immaterial, as for what enters the subject who knows is something immaterial too, even though the object is bound by matter. This is what is called the presence of something immaterial in the immaterial soul.

PENANAMAN NILAI NILAI AGAMA ISLAM KEPADA ANAK DENGAN METODE VARIATIF

ABSTRACT Islamic religious education has a very big impact on our lives, especially if that education is applied from childhood, because childhood is the first step to form the whole human person, childhood is like a sheet of white paper that is not stained, so that It is easy for us parents, especially for prospective educators to start imparting Islamic religious values to our children, such as starting to educate children with noble character, establishing prayers, respecting each other, caring for each other.Of course, the education we provide must attract children's interest and a sense of emphasis. The methods we apply are interesting and easy for the child to understand, such as giving gifts and so on, so that the child becomes interested and wants to learn the lessons we provide, one of which is the story method because at the age of the childreare very happy to hear fairy tales and stories.

Sonnet for aracelis

I think it happened to you, too, the first time you arrived. That a man was there, waiting for you, just past the baggage-claim exit, with your name on a sheet of white paper. And he studied the faces, one by one, trying to guess which face went with his sign. The man waiting for me pressed against the barrier, raising his sign higher than all the others, and those signs waving around made it feel almost like a protest rally.[…]

Tracing: A Simple Interpretation Method for the DIEP Flap CT Angiography to Help Operative Decision-making.

SummaryCT angiography (CTA) is an established technique that allows preoperative planning in DIEP flap reconstruction. However, innovative technological developments with extensive amounts of information require processing of data. It also requires user knowledge to interpret findings. Descriptions by radiologists are many times disappointingly limited to caliber and exit points of the perforator from the rectus fascia. Many DIEP flap surgeons similarly fail to utilize the CTA to its full extent. This is likely due to information overload. By tracing the DIEA on the CTA on a computer screen, using an ordinary ballpoint pen and a white sheet of paper, the surgeon can create a stylistic map of the dissectional-path of the DIEA. The map illustrates unusual branching patterns, perforator caliber and location, interconnections between individual perforators (or lack thereof), length of intramuscular dissection, and also rectus abdominis muscle intersections. The mapping can help in the choice of perforator(s) and may also speed up decision-making during surgical dissection. A penciled map also eases a round-table discussion, if multiple surgeons are involved in the operation. The map can also easily be brought to the operating room for guidance. Tracing is a user-friendly, time-efficient, intuitive, low-cost, and low-tech method that generates data that are easy to interpret, easy to share, and easy to discuss with other surgeons. The method is also not dependent on a radiologist for interpretation.

ПОВЫШЕНИЕ РАЗРЕШАЮЩЕЙ СПОСОБНОСТИ СЛАБОКОНТРАСТНЫХ ИЗОБРАЖЕНИЙ В ПРОСТРАНСТВЕ ФАЗОВЫХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК СИНГУЛЯРНОГО РАЗЛОЖЕНИЯ

Рассмотрены информационные возможности фазовых характеристик, синтезируемых на основе метода сингулярного разложения применительно к решению задач сегментации при визуальном анализе слабоконтрастных изображений. Показано, что переход в новое пространство признаков, полученных на основе параметров ортогонального преобразования, обеспечивает повышение чувствительности и разрешаюшей способности при выявлении объектов интереса (аномальных областей). Приведены экспериментальные результаты на примере реальных изображениях.

BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF COCCINELLIDS AS A CRITERION OF QUALITY IN BREEDING OF COCCINELLA SEPTEMPUNCTATA L. (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE)

Biological indicators of coccinellids can serve as reliable criteria for quality control of biological material in the industrial production of biological plant protection agents. These indicators are the migratory activity of larvae; their linear sizes; a feeding intensity; average viability; average adult weight; average fertility; the ratio of females; duration of the development from egg to adult. The values of all these indicators for Coccinella septempunctata were determined. The migration activity was determined by means of our own method. To measure this feature, a sheet of white paper with four sectors and seven circles drawn on it was used. This method allows to define the direction and speed of movement for insects depending on the availability of food, location, and light source. The south-north direction does not significantly affect the larvae’s movement. The presence of the victim also does not affect the direction of the larvae’s movement. C. septempunctata larvae showed positive phototaxis. The activity of the larvae that were left without food for a long time was much higher than of the fed ones. The larval viability was studied and measured in the conditions of group maintenance and excess food. The studies were performed for 6 consecutive generations, in which the biological parameters did not differ significantly. When the coccinellids are bred in artificial conditions, the change in the parameters of the vital systems causes physiological and ethological stress in the insects. To obtain high-quality entomologic cultures of lady beetles, it is necessary (in the process of breeding) to control the migratory activity and feeding intensity of larvae. Controlling biological indicators of Coccinellidae in the process of cultivation will allow to obtain high-quality marketable products.

Image-based analysis of quantitative morphological characteristics of wild potato tubers using the desktop application SeedСounter

The development of quantitative digital phenotyping methods for evaluation of wild potato (section Petota Dumort., genus Solanum L.) tuberization is required for annotation of genebank collections and selection of the suitable donor material for potato breeding. There are no available methods specifically designed for the quantitative analysis of wild potato tuber morphology. The current study is devoted to evaluation of wild potato tubers’ morphological characteristics using a digital image processing technique. For this purpose, the mobile application SeedSounter developed previously for grain analysis was specifically adapted for tuber phenotyping. The application estimates the number and shape of objects scattered on a standard sheet of white paper (i. e. A3 or A4). Twelve accessions from the VIR genebank collection belonging to nine Petota species were grown in pots protected with garden fabric during the growing season of cultivated potato (Novosibirsk region). Tubers were collected form plants of nine genotypes. Three genotypes did not produce tubers. The weight of tubers collected from each plant was measured. The tuber yield from each plant was analyzed using SeedCounter (http://wheatdb.org/seedcounter). The number of tubers per plant was counted; the following characteristics were extracted from the images of individual tubers: length, width, projected area, length to width ratio, сircularity, roundness, rugosity and solidity. One-way ANOVA showed a significant effect of genotype on all measured characteristics. A pairwise comparison of nine Petota accessions using all measured parameters revealed statistically significant differences between 86 % of pairs. The overall tuber yield volume for each plant was calculated as a sum of volumes of individual tubers; tuber volume was calculated from its length to width ratio and projected area. A strong correlation between the evaluated tuber yield volume and yield weight was shown. We propose tuber yield volume as a characteristic for a general evaluation of tuberization for wild potato, implementing the four-step scale from 0 to 3. According to this characteristic, the twelve wild potato accessions studied could be divided into four groups with different tuberization abilities. The evaluated tuberization ability is partially in accordance with previously obtained VIR data. The results presented demonstrate the possibility to use SeedCounter for wild potato collections phenotyping.

Estimation of coloration and luminous transmittance of eyewear filters using a digital camera and white paper.

Quantifying the coloration and luminous transmittance of eyewear filters is essential to understand their impact on human visual performance. Accurate measurements require the use of a spectrophotometer, with such equipment often being prohibitively expensive for wide-scale use. This paper details a new technique to characterize eyewear filters using only a digital camera and a sheet of white paper. Images of the paper are captured with and without the filter in front of the camera lens, and then subsequent analysis of pixel intensities allows the filter coloration and luminous transmittance to be determined. The technique has been applied to six different eyewear filters using three different camera and illumination configurations, demonstrating a reasonable match to the spectrophotometer data. This technique is suited to implementation in a smartphone app, in order to provide a low-cost and widely deployable solution to monitor the ageing of eyewear inventory.

MEMBANGUN KARAKTER ANAK USIA SEKOLAH DASAR MELALUI KETERAMPILAN BERBICARA

Primary school age is the age of child growing that is the most important part of life. Children are like a sheet of white paper that will hold, and then saveall the scratches that are written on the paper. Likewise, children's memories, what children see will be stored in memory and will be imitated or even madeinto habits in life; this habit will grow into a character of the child later. In the Big Indonesian Dictionary, characters are interpreted as behavior or habits. Therefore, character becomes a very important thing to determine how a person behaves. The factors of character growth in child it self cannot beseparated from the role of parents and teachers as a major source of the role models for children. Errors in educating students that caused by the teachers can be dangerous for the process of children’s mental development. Of course, it will affect the character of the child. One of the bases for educating children is through courage, courage to be honest and courageous to speak up expressing things that become obstacles for children. Speaking skills are one of the media to build brave characters in elementary school-age children, by raising the ability to speak so that the child's mentality will be trained bravely. Especially, brave in expressing things or opinions that the children have from an early age. Therefore, it is hoped that intelligent, skilled, and brave generations will grow and have a strong character base in elementary school age children.

Airport city development at mature airports: Structural, strategic and commercial aspects along the path of a massive change process

Previous discussions have mainly given attention to the different functions in airport cities, which created awareness of what to develop in an airport city development process. This ‘what’, however, needs to be realised too. At the few existing airports planned on a white sheet of paper and constructed on green fields, the development process is complex but projectable. At organically grown airports, it is less about what to do than how to do it. There is no way to fully divide airside and landside activities without losing genuine airport specific unique selling propositions (USPs). Doing so could perhaps lean processes and simplify the reorganising process using other industries’ standards, like those the real estate industry has built. Abandoning the specific airport-features, however, would end up in an exchangeable business location. The target must be to develop an unmistakeable and profiled business location worthy to be called airport city. Airport city development is equal to creating a bunch of cross-linked business models. To be able to do so, mature airports must change their mindset from ‘controlling passengers’ to ‘serving clients’.

Lip Print Characteristics in Anatolian Population: Baskent University Sample

Background: Identification is of importance for any crime investigation. Among several other methods, lip prints, if available, should also be evalu-ated to point out the relationship between the individual and the committed crimes. Lip print evaluation is known as “cheiloscopy” and important for forensic anthropologists in identification process since they are unique for each individual as fingerprints. Sex estimation is from lip print. Methods: 143 male and 291 female, a total of 434 students, were participated to the study. Lip prints were taken from each individual by using a dark colored lipstick and cellophane tape and fixed on a white sheet of paper. Lip prints were evaluated after separated into six quadrants (upper lip and lower were divided into three quadrants). The print patterns in each quadrant were classified according to Tsuchihashi method. Results: Sex estimation was done by using binary logistic regression analysis. Forked grooves both in right and left upper quadrants and reticular grooves in the upper middle quadrant were the most commonly observed lip print patterns. The lower lip forked grooves in both lateral quadrants and complete vertical grooves in the middle quadrant were the most commonly observed patterns both in males and females. Statistical analysis indicated that by binary logistic regression equations sex could be estimated with an accuracy of 72.6%. Lip prints give good predictability in determining sex, but cannot be used as the key tool in sex identification.

First Report of Chewing LiceHeterodoxus spiniger(Enderlein, 1909) andTrichodectes canis(De Geer, 1778) on Domestic Dogs at Tabasco, Mexico

Abstract. Lice are small wingless insects in the order Phthiraptera. Historically, the chewing louse Heterodoxus spiniger (Enderlein) was described from marsupials to the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris L.). Clinical manifestations of infestations by chewing lice are characterized by intense irritation and inflammation of the skin. We found six of 337 domiciled dogs from Tabasco State, Southeastern Mexico infested by chewing lice. Dogs were systematically examined, and ectoparasites were removed using a fine-toothed comb. Lice were deposited on a white sheet of paper and placed into plastic containers. The dog houses sampled were typically small and built of cement, and most inhabitants lived in vulnerable conditions. This is the first record of H. spiniger and the dog biting louse, Trichodectes canis (De Geer), infesting domestic dogs in Mexico. H. spiniger was present in the six dogs infested by lice, and T. canis co-infested one of them. Therefore, six infested dogs (100%) were positive for H. spi...

Thrips (Thysanoptera) associated with two morphological forms of Andean lupin (Lupinus mutabilis)

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine thrips abundance, species composition, sex ratio and seasonal dynamics of these insects on two morphological forms of Andean lupin (epigonal and semiepigonal). Thrips were studied in the lupine plants sown at two dates at the Experimental Research Station at Pawłowice, near Wrocław, Lower Silesia, Poland, during two growing seasons (2011-2012). The experiment was designed as a split-plot with four replicates for each morphological form and time of sowing. For the determination of thrips species’ composition, plants were collected from the central part of each plot when lupin was at the full blooming stage. In the laboratory, plants were shaken over a sheet of white paper. Once in each season thrips were also collected with a sweep net. In the laboratory larvae and adults were identified to species level and separated into males and females. During the whole lupin growing season, insects were also counted weekly on 10 consecutive plants in the middle row of each plot. Frankliniella intonsa, Thrips major and Aeolothrips intermedius were the dominant species in the full blooming stage of both semiepigonal and epigonal forms of Andean lupin. Thrips tabaci also occurred in greater numbers. There were no significant differences between numbers of thrips and number of species occurring on semiepigonal and epigonal plants sown at the same time. In the most numerous species, like F. intonsa and T. major, mainly females occurred in their population. In the population of A. intermedius males were abundant. Thrips occurring in Lupinus mutabilis, irrespective of the used form of lupin or sowing time, had one peak of abundance, i.e., the last ten days of June and the first ten days of July, when plants were at the blooming stage.

Closed-loop adaptive optics using a spatial light modulator for sensing and compensating of optical aberrations in ophthalmic applications.

Sensing and compensating of optical aberrations in closed-loop mode using a single spatial light modulator (SLM) for ophthalmic applications is demonstrated. Notwithstanding the disadvantages of the SLM, in certain cases, this multitasking capability of the device makes it advantageous over existing deformable mirrors (DMs), which are expensive and in general used for aberration compensation alone. A closed-loop adaptive optics (AO) system based on a single SLM was built. Beam resizing optics were used to utilize the large active area of the device and hence make it feasible to generate 137 active subapertures for wavefront sensing. While correcting Zernike aberrations up to fourth order introduced with the help of a DM (for testing purposes), diffraction-limited resolution was achieved. It is shown that matched filter and intensity-weighted centroiding techniques stand out among others. Closed-loop wavefront correction of aberrations in backscattered light from the eyes of three healthy human subjects was demonstrated after satisfactory results were obtained using an artificial eye, which was simulated with a short focal length lens and a sheet of white paper as diffuser. It is shown that the closed-loop AO system based on a single SLM is capable of diffraction-limited correction for ophthalmic applications.

The Eight Frame Colored Squiggle: An Informal Art Therapy Assessment Technique

The Eight Frame Colored Squiggle Technique (Steinhardt, 2006) is an art-based procedure that can be used as an informal assessment in a first session. On a single sheet of white paper folded three times into 8 rectangles, colored squiggles are drawn and completed, and titles written on each frame can be used to write stories. This technique evolved in the early 1980’s as an art- based, interactive, intervention when art therapy was a new and unknown treatment option in Israel. As the first art therapist in a public children’s clinic I began to invent ways to artistically engage children from varied socio-economic and ethnic groups in an enjoyable manner. I hoped that “playing” with art would enable gradual emergence of personal unconscious imagery and lead towards an art therapy process.