The significance of spore-bearing anaerobes in the bodies of sheep has been the subject of investigation since 1888. In year Nielsen,1 a Norwegian, described a spored bacillus which he isolated from Iceland sheep and which he regarded as the cause of bradsot. Later Jensen 2 found the same organism and arrived at the same conclusion. Miessner 3 and Titze and Weichel,4 after a critical study of Jensen's work, concluded the bradsot bacillus was merely a cadaver organism and it could not be regarded as the cause of bradsot. In 1910 Gilruth 5 isolated a spore-bearing anaerobe from a braxylike disease of sheep in Tasmania and in 1921 Dodd 6 published similar findings on black disease in New South Wales. Gaiger 7 made a rather complete study of braxy in Scotland in 1922 and concluded that the braxy bacillus and the bradsot bacillus (supplied by Jensen) are identical with Pasteur's Vibrion septique.,, Turner and Davesne in 19268 studied a spored bacillus isolated from sheep by Albiston 9 in Australia and associated with a disease which the latter called infectious necrotic hepatitis, (Braxy) and concluded the organism to be B. oedematiens. Edgar10 in 1928 showed this organism could also be isolated from the livers of normal sheep. In this country Beach 11 has isolated CI. oedematismaligni (V. septique) from feeder lambs dying from an acute malady and Jungherr and Welch 12 have cultured the