Sharp Slope Research Articles

Evolution of arbitrary temporal ocean floor motion-induced surface waves over a trench

The scattering of surface water waves generated through an arbitrary temporal motion of a portion of the ocean floor within a trench and from the sudden depth change at the wall of the trench is studied under the assumption of linearized water wave theory and a weakly compressible ocean that includes static oceanic background compression. The Fourier transformation and eigenfunction expansion techniques are deployed to find the surface displacement and pressure profiles with the help of appropriate matching conditions between regions of different depths. The difficulties of numerical computation owing to large oscillations of the displacement potential function around specific frequencies are overcome using adequate non-uniform finer meshing. Apart from the time-domain propagation of tsunami waves away from the origin, standing wave formations are observed within the trench region, supported by significantly large pressure fluctuations in time. These standing waves or the pressure fluctuations are higher when the ocean depth is large. The change in tsunami speed due to sudden depth change is readily visible in the time-domain simulations. Ocean compressibility results in fluctuations in the envelope of the propagating wavefront. Both the two-dimensional and axisymmetric three-dimensional solutions are presented. In comparison, the propagating surface wavefront for the latter case evolves with a sharper slope, which is additionally illustrated by the animation movies.

DFT Analysis on Adipic Acid to Propel Creative Advancements in Supercapacitor Technology

The increasing dependence on non-renewable resources for energy storage has accelerated the development of supercapacitor technology, which is now essential to portable devices and electric cars because of its high-power density and quick charge/discharge speed. Optimized geometry, weak C-H‧‧‧O hydrogen bonding interactions inside methylene groups affect bond lengths, and the carboxylic group in adipic acid (ADPI) shortens bond lengths (C14–C15 and C4–C5). DFT simulations demonstrate a fair agreement to experimental data. According to vibrational studies, the O-H and C=O groups' vibrational frequencies are greatly influenced by the reactive hydrogen bonding displayed by the -COOH group in carboxylic acid derivatives. With theoretical values demonstrating significant PED contributions, these interactions reduce the O-H stretching frequency, which is seen as an O-H stretching band at 3405 cm⁻¹ in the FT-IR spectra. In ADPI, atoms interact with neighboring atoms' σ* orbitals (O2-C4), (O12-C14), (C4-C5), (C14-C15), (O1-C4), and (O11-C14) through lone pairs of electrons localized on O1 (LP2), O11 (LP2), O2 (LP1), and O12 (LP1); these interactions have fairly high stabilization values of 33.78, 33.78, 17.91, 17.91, 6.75, and 6.75 kcal/mol, accordingly. Redox peaks and increased specific capacitance with scan rate are revealed by cyclic voltammetry study of ADPI, suggesting efficient electron transport, improved charge storage, and encouraging prospects for electrochemical energy storage applications. ADPI's appropriateness for high-performance electrochemical applications such as supercapacitors is supported by its impedance analysis, which is displayed by a Nyquist plot with a decreased semicircle and a sharp low-frequency slope. This plot demonstrates effective electron transfer, ion diffusion, and capacitive behavior.

Better Resolved Orography Improves Precipitation Simulation Over the Tibetan Plateau in High‐Resolution Models

AbstractRegarded as the Asian Water Tower, the Tibetan Plateau (TP) collects atmospheric precipitation from a vast area of land and feeds into major rivers that sustain the livelihood of billions of people in East, South and Central Asia. It is critical to reasonably simulate the hydrological cycle over the TP in order to assess future climate risks to agriculture, water resources and ecosystem services. To address the chronic wet biases over the TP in state‐of‐the‐art climate models, we have compared 12 high‐resolution (HR) climate models (25–50 km) to their corresponding low‐resolution versions (100–200 km) with respect to the 1979–2014 climatology. It is found that the HR models consistently reduce about half of the wet biases over the TP, mainly from better resolved orography. The wet biases are reduced by 41% over the northern and western TP, mainly contributed by decreased frequency of light precipitation (0.1–10 mm day−1), which is attributed to reduced evaporation because of weakened surface wind by raised orography. The most significant reduction of biases (53%) rising from decreased frequency of mid‐heavy precipitation (10–50 mm day−1), appears over the southern and eastern TP, on the leeside of elevated orography where steeper orography enhances rain shadow effect by stronger downward motion along the sharper slope, while partly compensated by air column convergence due to vertical stretching of the downward flow for potential vorticity conservation. This study highlights the importance of surface processes and resolving complex orography in simulating precipitation and large‐scale hydrology around the TP which potentially benefits the future hydrological projection.

Regulation and Liquid Sensing of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency-like Phenomena Implemented in a SNAP Microresonator.

Optical microresonators supporting whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) have become a versatile platform for achieving electromagnetically induced transparency-like (EIT-like) phenomena. We theoretically and experimentally demonstrated the tunable coupled-mode induced transparency based on the surface nanoscale axial photonics (SNAP) microresonator. Single-EIT-like and double-EIT-like (DEIT-like) effects with one or more transparent windows are achieved due to dense mode families and tunable resonant frequencies. The experimental results can be well-fitted by the coupled mode theory. An automatically adjustable EIT-like effect is discovered by immersing the sensing region of the SNAP microresonator into an aqueous environment. The sharp lineshape and high slope of the transparent window allow us to achieve a liquid refractive index sensitivity of 2058.8 pm/RIU. Furthermore, we investigated a displacement sensing phenomenon by monitoring changes in the slope of the transparent window. We believe that the above results pave the way for multi-channel all-optical switching devices, multi-channel optical communications, and biochemical sensing processing.

Real-time monitoring of fast gas dynamics with a single-molecule resolution by frequency-comb-referenced plasmonic phase spectroscopy

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors are based on photon-excited surface charge density oscillations confined at metal-dielectric interfaces, which makes them highly sensitive to biological or chemical molecular bindings to functional metallic surfaces. Metal nanostructures further concentrate surface plasmons into a smaller area than the diffraction limit, thus strengthening photon-sample interactions. However, plasmonic sensors based on intensity detection provide limited resolution with long acquisition time owing to their high vulnerability to environmental and instrumental noises. Here, we demonstrate fast and precise detection of noble gas dynamics at single molecular resolution via frequency-comb-referenced plasmonic phase spectroscopy. The photon-sample interaction was enhanced by a factor of 3,852 than the physical sample thickness owing to plasmon resonance and thermophoresis-assisted optical confinement effects. By utilizing a sharp plasmonic phase slope and a high heterodyne information carrier, a small atomic-density modulation was clearly resolved at 5 Hz with a resolution of 0.06 Ar atoms per nano-hole (in 10–11 RIU) in Allan deviation at 0.2 s; a faster motion up to 200 Hz was clearly resolved. This fast and precise sensing technique can enable the in-depth analysis of fast fluid dynamics with the utmost resolution for a better understanding of biomedical, chemical, and physical events and interactions.

Novel Yellow Aromatic Imine Derivative Incorporating Oxazolone Moiety for Color Resist Applications

A novel aromatic imine derivative, 2′-(1,4-phenylene)bis[4-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methylene]-5(4H)-oxazolone] (PBMBO), was designed and synthesized as a yellow colorant additive for green color filters used in image sensors. The optical and thermal properties of the newly developed material were evaluated both in solution and within color filter film conditions. PBMBO demonstrated a molar extinction coefficient of 2.24 × 104 L/mol·cm in solution, surpassing that of the commercially employed yellow colorant MBIQO by a factor of 1.82. Color resist (CR) films incorporating PBMBO exhibited outstanding optical characteristics, displaying 0.03% transmittance at 435 nm, 99.3% transmittance at 530 nm, and a sharp slope within the 400 to 550 nm range. The decomposition temperature of PBMBO was 303 °C, indicating relatively superior thermal stability compared to MBIQO. Consequently, PBMBO emerges as a highly promising candidate for a yellow colorant additive in imaging sensor color filters, owing to its exceptional optical and thermal stability. Its potential applications are anticipated to extend across various fields of organic semiconductors.

Acid content sensitive colorimetry of poly-N-phenyl-o-phenylenediamine for state of charge determination of lead-acid battery

The ex-situ colorimetric method of battery acid estimation was developed using poly-N-phenyl-o-phenylenediamine (PPOPD) to accurately determine the lead acid battery's state of charge (SoC). PPOPD was synthesized by the in-situ oxidative chemical polymerization of N-phenyl-o-phenylenediamine monomer (POPD) using ferric chloride as an oxidizing agent in ethanol solvent. The UV–visible absorption peak of PPOPD in acidic solutions at 518 nm showed a sharp positive linear slope with increased acid content. The charging or discharging mechanism of the battery produces changes in battery acid content. A fully charged lead-acid battery contains approximately 39.7 % sulphuric acid, whereas its acid content decreases by approximately 10 % on discharge. The PPOPD polymer showed a change in absorbance with a change in the lead-acid battery's acid percentage, which can be correlated with the state of charge. The absorbance of PPOPD solution was calibrated linearly with the sulphuric acid percentage (6–40 %), a similar acid range produced inside the battery during charging or discharging. The absorbance of PPOPD solution obtained in 10 % and 40 % sulphuric acid at 518 nm was set as the lower and upper limits (Amin and Amax) respectively for SoC determination. Therefore, the state of charge in any lead-acid battery under investigation can be determined by measuring the absorbance of the PPOPD solution. The state of charge obtained from the colorimetric method was compared with an open circuit voltage method using a 12 V lead-acid battery.

Submesoscale Variability and Basal Melting in Ice Shelf Cavities of the Amundsen Sea

AbstractMelting of ice shelves can energize a wide range of ocean currents, from three‐dimensional turbulence to relatively large‐scale boundary currents. Here, we conduct high‐resolution simulations of the western Amundsen Sea to show that submesoscale eddies are prevalent inside ice shelf cavities. The simulations indicate energetic submesoscale eddies at the top and bottom ocean boundary layers, regions with sharp topographic slopes and strong lateral buoyancy gradients. These eddies play a substantial role in the vertical and lateral (along‐isopycnal) heat advection toward the ice shelf base, enhancing the basal melting in all simulated cavities. In turn, the meltwater provides strong buoyancy gradients that energize the submesoscale variability, forming a positive loop that could affect the overall efficiency of heat exchange between the ocean and the ice shelf cavity. Our study implies that submesoscale‐induced enhancement of basal melting may be a ubiquitous process that needs to be parameterized in coarse‐resolution climate models.

Native arbuscular mycorrhiza colonization in seedling root of dogfruit (Archidendron pauciflorum) planted as seed-ball in field

Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is a mutualistic symbiosis between soil fungi and plants, including dogfruit (Archidendron pauciflorum). Archidendron pauciflorum is a local plant from Southeast Asia, including Indonesia that is used for food and animal forest feed. Planting A. pauciflorum seedlings on revegetation land with a sharp slope is difficult and dangerous to workers. Therefore, seed-ball planting technique is required for revegetation of post-mining sharp slope areas. This research aimed to study the ability of the native AM fungi to colonize A. pauciflorum seedlings grown as a seed-ball in the field for revegetation purposes. The seed-ball was made using three types of fungal inoculum sources, namely control without AM fungi, natural forest, and stockpile inoculum. All colonization structures, such as entry points, coils, arbuscules, and vesicles, were observed. All seedlings were colonized by AM fungi, with root colonization ranging from 2% to 16%. Stockpile inoculum had a higher AM colonization than the natural forest inoculum. Both sources of native AM fungi tended to improve the growth of the seedling. There were two types of AM spores found in all treatments, Glomus sp. 1 and Glomus sp. 2. Glomus sp. 2 is the dominant species of AM fungi in all treatments.

Using subject‐specific disease progression as an estimation of the disease time to model longitudinal neurodegeneration in AD

AbstractBackgroundWhen patients with clinically probable‐AD get their diagnosis, it is difficult to determine exactly when the disease started. Moreover, not all subjects progress in the same manner and rate. However, clinical measurements such as cognitive scores can help give an estimation of where in the disease trajectory each patient stands. To address the issue of estimating the time of disease onset, we investigated a new technique that leverages cognitive test scores to estimate a latent timeline that models the subject‐specific disease progression.MethodWe used the work of Kühnel et al. (2021) to model the progression of AD using cognitive scores (ADAS13 and MMSE). This method aligns patients along a continuous latent timeline based on their predicted disease progression. Data included the MRI scans of 677 amyloid‐positive subjects from ADNI. Scan resolution was increased to 0.5mm isotropic voxel‐size by super‐sampling (Manjón et al. 2010) before non‐linear registration to an ADNI‐based unbiased template. The resulting deformation fields were used to compute the Jacobian determinant map for each subject and find mean atrophy for different ROIs. we were then able to plot the changes in different regions of the brain across the estimated disease progression timeline and compare slopes for the two methods.ResultAssuming a zero time‐shift for normal subjects, the average time‐shift for the eMCI, lMCI, and AD group was 36.8, 87.5, and 128.8 months respectively. Using the latent time‐shift variable to offset the individual baseline scans, we were able to plot the changes in different regions of the brain across the disease timeline. The results for Hippocampus are shown in figure 1, comparing the estimated timeline to the age as the time‐related axes. We saw much sharper slopes (‐0.01 vol/estimated_time vs ‐0.0025 vol/age) when using the individualized time offset.ConclusionCalendar time is perhaps not a good measure for disease progression. The new method offers an estimation of a latent timeline that models the subject‐specific disease progression and may better model the longitudinal changes in different brain regions, and in turn, would enable us to better compare the magnitude and speed of degeneration across brain regions.

Design of NiCo2S4@ZnAl-LDH/TiO2@MXene synthesis as promising cathode catalyst for enhancing electrochemical performance in microbial fuel cell

In this work, a double-bimetallic compound (NiCo2S4@ZnAl-LDH/TiO2@MXene) was successfully prepared by a simple hydrothermal-coprecipitation method. NiCO2S4@ZnAl-LDH/TiO2@MXene was combined with two bimetallic compounds, NiCo2S4@ZnAl-LDH and TiO2@MXene, which formed a firm structure. This material showed superior catalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) according to the large integral area and sharp slope. The maximum power density of NiCo2S4@ZnAl-LDH/TiO2@MXene-microbial fuel cell (MFC) was 565.81 mW/m2 and could be maintained for 10 d, which was 7.07 times of NiCo2S4/TiO2@ZnAl-LDH-MFC (80 mW/m2), 11.43 times of NiCo2S4@ZnAl-LDH (49.5 mW/m2), 14.15 times of TiO2@MXene (40 mW/m2), indicating the excellent electrical performance of NiCo2S4@ZnAl-LDH/TiO2@MXene. TiO2 and NiCo2S4 were introduced in ZnAl-LDH and MXene separately to avoid aggregation between layers, which provided more pathways for ions and accelerated the speed of the transportation of electrons. NiCO2S4@ZnAl-LDH/TiO2@MXene were coated tightly and firmly with the coprecipitation method which further enhanced the electrochemical performance of MFC. Therefore, this study would give a boarder horizon about the application of cathode materials of MFC.

A Mapping Methodology Adapted to all Polar and Subpolar Oceans with a Stretching/Shrinking Constraint

Abstract Polar and subpolar oceans play a particularly important role in the global climate and its temporal changes, yet these regions are less well sampled than the rest of the global ocean. To better understand the physical or biogeochemical properties and their variabilities in these regions, accurate data mapping is crucial. In this paper, we introduce a mapping methodology that includes a water column shrinking and stretching constraint (SSC) based on the principle of conservation of potential vorticity. To demonstrate the mapping scheme efficiency, we map the ocean temperature in the southern Sea of Okhotsk, where the bottom topography comprises a broad and shallow shelf, a sharp continental slope, and a deep oceanic basin. Such topographic features are typical of polar and subpolar marginal seas. Results reveal that the SSC integrated (SSCI) mapping strongly reduces the mapping error in the broad and shallow shelf compared with a recently introduced topographic constraint integrated (TCI) mapping procedure. We also tested our mapping scheme in the Southern Ocean, which has a comparatively slanted shelf, a wider and gentler slope, and a deep and broad oceanic basin. We found that the SSCI and TCI methods are practically equivalent there. The SSCI mapping is thus an effective method to map the ocean’s properties in various topographic environments and should be adequate in all polar and subpolar regions. Importantly, we introduced a standardized procedure for determining the decorrelation length scales—a necessary step prior to implementing any mapping scheme—in any topographic conditions.

Low power flexible monolayer MoS2 integrated circuits

Monolayer molybdenum disulfide (ML-MoS2) is an emergent two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor holding potential for flexible integrated circuits (ICs). The most important demands for the application of such ML-MoS2 ICs are low power consumption and high performance. However, these are currently challenging to satisfy due to limitations in the material quality and device fabrication technology. In this work, we develop an ultra-thin high-κ dielectric/metal gate fabrication technique for the realization of thin film transistors based on high-quality wafer scale ML-MoS2 on both rigid and flexible substrates. The rigid devices can be operated in the deep-subthreshold regime with low power consumption and show negligible hysteresis, sharp subthreshold slope, high current density, and ultra-low leakage currents. Moreover, we realize fully functional large-scale flexible ICs operating at voltages below 1 V. Our process could represent a key step towards using energy-efficient flexible ML-MoS2 ICs in portable, wearable, and implantable electronics.

Characterization of surface cratering and particle deformation during high speed microparticle impact events

Simple-to-use damage models are important in predicting the outcome of high speed particle impacts for high speed vehicles traveling in particle laden flows. Such models largely hinge upon experimental data from well-characterized single-impact events. In this study we developed and applied an experimental system to systematically examine surface cratering and particle deposition driven by high speed micrometer particle impacts onto Aluminum 6061-T6 substrates and Inconel 718 substrates. Monodisperse ferrous sulfate particles 1.8 and 6.2 micrometer in diameter were accelerated using a converging-diverging nozzle to achieve varying impact velocities in the range of 0.29–0.84 km s-1 as measured by laser Doppler velocimetry. Post-mortem surface characterization was carried out using a combination of atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. For the aluminum samples, we then utilize traditional non-dimensional groups to develop scaling relationships between crater size, particle size, velocity and incident angle. Measurement results are found to agree with data from previous studies at higher impact velocities, but notably with a sharper slope between dimensionless crater size and dimensionless impact energy, indicative of a non-negligible amount of particle elastic rebound influencing the outcome of the impact process. In addition, in contrast to crater formation observed on aluminum, equivalent impacts onto Inconel 718 led to no discernible crater formation and instead adhesion and deformation of the impacting particles.

Performance of environmentally sound cassava farming as an effort to increase income after covid 19 in the Bengawan Solo Wonogiri Watershed

The limited sources of income in the Wonogiri Regency will impact the tendency of repressive community actions towards empowering surrounding resources, including cassava farmers. After Covid 19, the cassava economy was used as leverage for changes in the rural economy. The objectives of this study are (1) to determine the influence of environmental management on the inputs and outputs of cassava farming, (2) to diagnose fluctuations in the vulnerability of cassava farming, and (3) to analyze cassava problems in production and farming sub-systems. The research locations were in 2 subwatershed of Bengawan Solo areas, namely the Keduang Sub-Watershed (Ngadirojo District and Jatiroto District) and the Wiroko Sub-Watershed (Tirtomoyo District), with 120 respondents. The analysis used is the input-output analysis of farming, descriptive analysis, and t-test analysis. The results showed a difference between an environmentally sound cassava farming business and one that does not, with an error rate of 1% and a coefficient of 1,802% in terms of income (output) and cost (input). The vulnerability occurs when cassava cultivation is processed on a sharp slope of the soil, making it highly costly. The performance of environmentally sound cassava farming positively impacts production and income, but there are limited funds and technology.

Research Trends of Picture Books for Older Adults over 65 in South Korea

The goal of this study is to analyze trends of picture book research for older adults over 65 during last 15 years (2005-2019) to foresee research direction in the future. Forty-three domestic studies using picture books for older adults over 65 were selected from RISS with four types of academic data including academic journal articles, masters’ and doctoral dissertations, books, and financially funded public research reports. Picture book research of older adults over 65 steadily increased with a sharp upward slope toward the 3rd term (2013-2015) reflecting the aging society of South. Korea. Research subjects were mostly focused on older adults as characters/real people in books, illiterate, and dementia as well. Psycho-emotional therapy, self-related ingredients such as self-growth, -integration, -identity, -esteem, -confidence, and young children’s understanding of older adults Diverse research methods were used with literature reviews the most. The research frequency of academic fields are in the order of, education (especially early childhood & special ED), counselling and psychotherapy, and social science. More research for older adults over 65 are needed to improve their better life and easier adaptation to aging Korea through publications, psycho-emotional support systems, and publicly financed network and research reports for practical advocacy.

Modeling carbon uptake by vegetation of grassland ecosystems and its associated factors in China based on remote sensing

In order to reveal the spatial variation characteristics and influencing factors of grassland net primary productivity (NPP) in China, this paper uses remote sensing data, land use data and meteorological data to simulate and estimate China’s grassland net primary productivity from 2001 to 2019 using the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (CASA). The trend analysis and complex correlation analysis were used to analyze the relationship with the temporal and spatial changes of grassland NPP from the perspectives of climate factors, topography, longitude and latitude. The results show that: 1) In the past 19 years, the China’s grassland NPP has generally shown a fluctuating upward trend, the spatial distribution of NPP variation shows a characteristic of low in the west and high in the east, with the increased area accounting for 70.39% of the total grassland area, and the low NPP values are mainly distributed in the northwestern part of Tibet and Qinghai and the central part of Inner Mongolia, the average annual NPP is 257.13 g C·m−2·a−1. 2) The change of mean NPP value of grassland in China is more dependent on precipitation (p) than air temperature (T). 3) Grassland NPP showed a decreasing trend with the increase of altitude, and the NPP on the gradient with DEM between 200 m and 500 m was the highest (483.86 g·C·m−2·a−1); The maximum annual mean value (448.42 g C·m−2·a−1) is fallen over the sharp slope of 35°–45°; the NPP of grassland increases with the slope (from shade to sunny), and the NPP of grassland on the semi-sunny slope increases. The annual average NPP is the highest (270.87 g C·m−2·a−1). 4) The mean value of grassland NPP was negatively correlated with the change of latitude, and showed a “wave-like” downward trend from south to north; the mean value of grassland NPP was positively related to the change of longitude. The correlation relationship shows a “stepped” upward trend from west to east.

A novel idea to increase the performance of a wheat flour cyclone separator: Controlling the reverse flow

AbstractIn this study, as a novelty, the reverse flow effect on a wheat flour cyclone performance was evaluated. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was realized using a Reynolds stress turbulence model. Also, particle–air interactions were modeled applying a discrete phase model. Besides the experimental measurement, the numerical simulation was conducted in a main (without reverse flow) and six various reverse flow levels (I = 0.0385 m3 s−1, II = 0.0396 m3 s−1, III = 0.0484 m3 s−1, IV = 0.0583 m3 s−1, V = 0.0704 m3 s−1, and VI = 0.0836 m3 s−1) by CFD. The validation between pressure drop in experimental data and numerical results revealed a good agreement with a maximum deviation of 8.2%. Cyclone performance including pressure drop and separation efficiency was assessed in the mentioned reverse flow levels. Moreover, velocity field, centrifugal force, and turbulence parameter were evaluated, comprehensively. It was found that the flour separation efficiency increased with enhancing the reverse flow level to IV = 0.0583 m3 s−1, but decreased with a sharp slope in the reverse levels of V = 0.0704 m3 s−1 and VI = 0.0836 m3 s−1.Practical ApplicationsCyclone separators are widely used in various industries such as flour and cement. The various parameters of cyclones in a food processing unit effectively affect cyclone efficiency. Therefore, an innovative method for increasing cyclone performance is presented in this study. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a powerful tool for simulation of the food processing phenomenon. Validation could be guaranteed by the usage of numerical results that are obtained from CFD simulations. The innovative methods can play a key role in decreasing energy usage by reducing the pressure drop and enhancing separation efficiency.

Study of the suitability of manganese-substituted cobalt ferrites nanoparticles as MRI contrast agent and treatment by employing hyperthermia temperature

Ferrite-based nanoparticles have initiated a new era in biomedical field of research. Researchers synthesized novel materials that can be applied in the biomedical field specially for tumor detection and treatment. Co1−xMnxFe2O4 (x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8) nano ferrites have been prepared by wet chemical co-precipitation method and coated by biocompatible material chitosan. Then the structure of the bare nanoferrite materials was confirmed by the XRD analysis that found that the material possesses a face-centered cubic (fcc) structure. The value of the experimental lattice constant was determined by analyzing the XRD data. For coated samples, Surface morphology was investigated by FESEM, both bright and dark TEM images, HRTEM and SAED images. The characteristic rings of the SAED pattern also define the fcc structure of the material which shows good agreement with XRD data. The calculated grain size found from the histogram of CoFe2O4 showed good agreement with the crystal size of the corresponding material. The proportions of the elements of bare and coated nanoferrites have been revealed by the EDS study. The successful coating was confirmed by FTIR spectra. Magnetic characterization of coated material was investigated by VSM. It has been seen that the sample Co0.8Mn0.2Fe2O4 showed the highest saturation magnetization and magnetic moment. For tumor treatments, the experimental value of hydrodynamic diameter and polydispersity index (PDI) of all the coated samples was within the permissible limit. Hyperthermia temperatures of the ferrite samples were calculated. From the time dependence temperature graph, using the sharp slope, the Specific Loss Power (SLP) value was also determined. By contrasting all the cytotoxicity data applied to the Hela cell line, cell viability has been observed at 95%. The values of Relaxivity were estimated from MRI images. With the rise of manganese ions, the value of relaxivities progressively decreased. Moreover, in-vivo angiography of the Albino Wistar rat was observed. Though chitosan-coatedferritesare not brain or muscle-specific, it has been observed that the contrast is enhanced for the images with agents than without agents. It is further observed that the contrast enhancement is the best with the contrast agent Co0.8Mn0.2Fe2O4.

(Digital Presentation) Liquid-Metal-Printed Ultra-Thin ITO-Thin-Film Transistor

Indium oxide is one of the promising materials for the n-channel layer for high-mobility oxide-TFT because of its high electron mobility characteristics due to the nature of spatially spread-In 5s orbital. However, excess carrier electrons in In-based channels cancel field-effect gate modulation and causes the formation of a short depletion layer. Moreover, it is challenging to reduce the electron density without the degradation of electron transport. Therefore, developing fully-depletion operated TFT using an ultra-thin channel is a straightforward strategy to demonstrate the high potential of In-based materials for TFT applications.In this work, we developed an ultra-thin tin-doped Indium oxide (ITO) channel (~ 1.9 nm-thick.) and demonstrated a fully-depleted ITO-TFT exhibiting high mobility of 27 cm2/Vs. The ITO channel was grown by a cost-effective vacuum-free liquid-metal-printing route at the maximum process temperature of ~ 200 oC in an ambient atmosphere. Post-thermal annealing in air made significant improvement of device characteristics originating from the reduction of shallow acceptor-like in-gap defects in the ITO channels, and high-performance n-channel ITO-TFT with a large on/off-current ratio of 109 and a sharp threshold slope was achieved. By controlling air-annealing temperature, we also successfully fabricated both enhancement and depletion-mode devices and developed a full signal swinged-oxide-NMOS inverter composed of a depletion-load structure.