Sharp Growth Research Articles

$$\Phi $$-Harmonic Maps and $$\Phi $$-Superstrongly Unstable Manifolds

We motivate and define \(\Phi \)-energy density, \(\Phi \)-energy, \(\Phi \)-harmonic maps and stable \(\Phi \)-harmonic maps. Whereas harmonic maps or p-harmonic maps can be viewed as critical points of the integral of the first symmetric function \(\sigma _1\) of a pull-back tensor, \(\Phi \)-harmonic maps can be viewed as critical points of the integral of the second symmetric function \(\sigma _2\) of a pull-back tensor. By an extrinsic average variational method in the calculus of variations [cf. Howard and Wei (Trans Am Math Soc 294:319–331, 1986), Wei and Yau (J Geom Anal 4(2):247–272, 1994), Wei (Indiana Univ Math J 47(2):625–670, 1998) and Howard and Wei (Contemp Math 646:127–167, 2015)], we derive the average second variation formulas for \(\Phi \)-energy functional, express them in orthogonal notation in terms of the differential matrix, and find \(\Phi \)-superstrongly unstable \((\Phi \)-\(\text {SSU})\) manifolds. We prove, in particular that every compact \(\Phi \)-\(\text {SSU}\) manifold must be \(\Phi \)-strongly unstable \((\Phi \)-\(\text {SU})\), i.e., (a) A compact \(\Phi \)-\(\text {SSU}\) manifold cannot be the target of any nonconstant stable \(\Phi \)-harmonic maps from any manifold, (b) The homotopic class of any map from any manifold into a compact \(\Phi \)-\(\text {SSU}\) manifold contains elements of arbitrarily small \(\Phi \)-energy, (c) A compact \(\Phi \)-\(\text {SSU}\) manifold cannot be the domain of any nonconstant stable \(\Phi \)-harmonic map into any manifold, and (d) The homotopic class of any map from a compact \(\Phi \)-\(\text {SSU}\) manifold into any manifold contains elements of arbitrarily small \(\Phi \)-energy [cf. Theorem 1.1(a),(b),(c), and (d).] We provide many examples of \(\Phi \)-\(\text {SSU}\) manifolds, which include but not limit to spheres or some unstable Yang-Mills fields [cf. Bourguignon et al. (Proc Natl Acad Sci 76(4):1550–1553, 1979), Bourguignon and Lawson (Commun Math Phys 79(2):189–230, 1981), Kobayashi et al. (Math Z 193(2):165–189, 1986), Wei (Indiana Univ Math J 33(4):511–529, 1984) and Wu et al. (Br J Math Comput Sci 8(4):318–329, 2015)], and examples of \(\Phi \)-harmonic, or \(\Phi \)-unstable map from or into \(\Phi \)-\(\text {SSU}\) manifold that are not constant. We establish a link of \(\Phi \)-SSU manifold to p-SSU manifold and topology. The extrinsic average variational method in the calculus of variations, employed is in contrast to an average method in PDE that we applied in Chen and Wei (J Geom Symmetry Phys 52:27–46, 2019) to obtain sharp growth estimates for warping functions in multiply warped product manifolds.

Awards and prizes as control devices: The case of urban development project awards

In the credential society, a sharp growth of the number of awards and prizes indicate an interest in assuming the authority to define quality, and to identify extraordinary accomplishments within certain jurisdictional domain. This ambition is associated not the least with ex ante awards, awards granted on basis of plans and documents that stipulate forthcoming material contributions, or other projected accomplishments. Drawing on actor network theory, the role of ex ante awards in the field of urban development is examined. Despite being epistemologically fragile entities, ex ante awards are organizationally significant as they operate as actants that provide a variety of benefits for equally award-winning agents and award-giving organizations, but also for the specific industry sector more generally. The article reports empirical data from two urban development projects in a major Swedish city, eventually receiving ex ante awards. Both projects were associated with desirable urban development qualities, boundary–spanning interests and objectives, and a recognition of shared social norms, and the awards given arguably served to strengthen the relationships between the actors included in the project work, at the same time as award-giving organizations advance their authority to define quality. The study contributes to the scholarly literature on awards by presenting an integrated analytical framework that shed light on the direct and indirect effects of formal awards. Awards and prizes are devices that enable control in credential societies, yet being undertheorized to date, and more research that examines how awards and prizes generate a variety of outcomes is welcome.

Assessment of the Impact of COVID-19 on Grocery Retail in Ukraine

The coronavirus crisis affected the development of the global financial system: for some industries, the impact was extremely negative, reducing the market value of specific companies by more than 50%. However, the effect of the crisis on non-cyclical industries such as retail is not easy to assess. The resilience of companies strongly depends on the flexibility and multi-format qualities of the business model and the ability to innovate. For specific market players, the crisis period has become a window of opportunity to increase market share. For grocery retail in Ukraine, enormous challenges driven by COVID-19 influenced the acceleration of the transition from traditional sales channels to online shopping and led to an unexpected sharp growth of convenience and hard-discount store sectors. Consumers had to learn to live with the new reality that changed their shopping behaviors; a large proportion of them started to shop for groceries via online channels that they had never used before. A significant number of consumers are going to stick to online channels even after the reopening of brick-and-mortar stores. The objective of this research was to explore how COVID-19 affected the dynamics of the grocery retail market using economic-mathematical modeling. In employing Machine Learning methods, the authors offered an approach to assess the effects of the restrictions that the Ukrainian government imposed to localize the spread of COVID-19. The effects on consumer behavior metrics were modeled and interpreted according to local retailers’ business models, the location qualities of brickand-mortar stores, and potential shifts towards digital sales channels in specific regions.
 Keywords: COVID-19 economic effect, grocery retail, consumer behavior, digital transformation

Invented here but owned elsewhere: The widening gap between domestic and foreign patent ownership in Canada

Using Canadian-invented patents granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office during the period between 1995 and 2014, we investigate how ownership of Canadian inventions varies across time and by technology, geographic region, quality of invention, and the presence of superstar firms. Our findings show that the gap between Canadian-invented and Canadian-owned technologies has grown since 1995, and that an increasing number of Canadian-invented patents are owned by foreign, primarily US, firms. In terms of technical areas, Canadian-owned patents in biotechnology have declined and there has been sharp growth in both Canadian- and foreign-owned patents in information technology and telecom. Approximately 60% of Canadian-invented patents originate from Toronto, Ottawa-Gatineau, Montreal, Vancouver, Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo (KCW), and Calgary. The quality of Canadian-invented patents increases over time, in part because the number of unassigned patents declines. The quality of foreign-owned patents is higher than the quality of Canadian-owned patents in all CMAs except KCW. At the firm level, while Blackberry and Nortel are responsible for a disproportionate number of Canadian-owned patents, the ownership of foreign-owned patents is more widely distributed. Our findings point to where Canadian innovation vulnerabilities are most severe, where they are worsening, and where there is cause for hope.

Development of Circular Economy Concept: Historical Background

Nowadays, sharp economic growth has increasingly depended on utilizing different resources causing environmental issues and hindering sustainable development. Consequently, governments of developed countries, the public sector, representatives of business structures, and scientists look at the circular economy as a way to support achieving sustainable development goals. The article aims at researching the historical background of the development of circular economy, analyzing the basic approaches and their possible usage for spreading this concept in developing countries, such as Ukraine. It is mentioned that the concept of circular economy cannot be traced back to a single author or date when it appeared. The concept of circular economy was inspired by several schools of thought with overlapping approaches, which demonstrates the relevance of distinguishing evolutionary phases and framings of a concept. The article presents a historical overview of the development of the concept of circular economy since the 1960s. The stages of adoption of regulations in the EU in the field of promoting the transition to a circular economy are highlighted, key milestones and key actions that actively began in 2015 and continue to this day, are described. This positive experience should be taken as a basis in developing countries, where the circular economy is in its infancy. The article also analyzes the highly cited scientific papers in the Scopus Scientometric Database and the basic definitions of the concept of "circular economy". Our findings indicate that the circular economy necessitates a systemic shift in the state policy of Ukraine, as well as economic science, and it should be aimed at developing a clear strategy and improving basic regulations in this area to increase the social responsibility of both businesses and local communities. The growth of a circular economy will benefit everyone within the limits of this planet.

The Psychological and Behavioral Patterns of Online Psychological Help-Seekers before and during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Text Mining-Based Longitudinal Ecological Study.

Online mental health service (OMHS) platforms have contributed significantly to the public’s mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. However, it remains unclear why the public used OMHS platforms for psychological help-seeking (PHS) behavior and how PHS behavior varied across different stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the ecological PHS behavior data from two OMHS platforms, we extracted population, psychological problems, and influential factors of PHS behavior by text mining and time series analysis methods. Seven top-ranked psychological problems (i.e., depression and anxiety, lack of interest, suicidal tendencies, social phobia, feelings of being worried and afraid, suffering, anger) and seven influential factors (i.e., interpersonal relationships, love, family, work, psychotherapy, personal characteristics, marriage) were found. The online PHS behaviors related to different psychological problems and influential factors remained a growing trend before 2020 and have been increasing significantly due to the COVID-19 outbreak. Four main stages were found during the pandemic according to the changes in the online PHS population: sharp growth, significant decline, slight rebound, and slow decline. This study identified large-scale, spontaneous PHS behaviors among the online public during the COVID-19 pandemic and the various psychological problems and influential factors that varied across different stages of the pandemic, suggesting that the government and health practitioners should adopt effective policies and strategies to prevent and intervene in mental health problems for the online public.

Virtual reality and its possible integration into the process of distance learning focused on technically oriented subjects

Individual digital technologies which are aimed at simulation of real world elements are currently one of the most promising areas of interest. The growing popularity of the augmented, virtual reality technologies, as well as the industries in which their application has an increasing impact, is causing a sharp growth in the number of specialized software. An increasingly popular sector in which virtual and augmented reality has promising prospects in the field of education. It was this area that created space for the application of various software solutions during a pandemic situation. The application focused on the distance form of educational process, training and mediation of interactive experiences, which subsequently mitigate the teaching process, has found application not only in technically oriented areas. This article presents the possibilities for usage of the virtual environment created in the Rinoceros software, which is used as a supporting tool for the teaching process of technically oriented subjects. The article describes how to apply and modify specialized software for a specific area of use. Particular type of VR/AR devices are used to mediate an interactive form of teaching, towards a specific group of students. Due to the intention of increased efficiency of this process, the article presents the possibilities of using the multiuser - host/guest functions, for full interactivity of more users. This solution allows the users to work with 2D, 3D models and CAD model assemblies in a virtual environment. It also presents the possibilities and promising areas of use which describe the other software features and their possible application in other areas, such as reverse engineering and intuitive modeling.

Impulse Development of Cities Caused by the Range of Certain Infrastructural Factors. Forms and Experience

The issue of impulse development of cities caused by different infrastructural factors is considered.Taking Tenochtitlan, Stockholm and Alexandria as the example, the content and functional structure of infrastructural impulse changes have been outlined. By these we mean rethinking of life support systems, which leads to sharp population growth and employment diversification. To become a ‘growth spurt’ factor, such changes must contain a number of special qualities: convenience, accessibility and uniqueness. Convenience is the difference in the use of infrastructural benefits between the locality in which the impulse change takes place and other similar cities. Accessibility means the ability to use (access) the infrastructural benefits by as many residents as possible. While uniqueness stands for a feature or set of infrastructure features that are notably absent in the cities of the competing area.

Metallated terpolymer donors with strongly absorbing iridium complex enables polymer solar cells with 16.71% efficiency

With the sharp growth of non-fullerene acceptors, it is still challenging to develop new polymer donors for highly efficient polymer solar cells (PSCs). Here, a series of metallated terpolymer donors PM6Irx (x = 1%, 3%, 5%) are synthesized by incorporating a new iridium complex, named M1, into the backbone of the state-of-the-art polymer PM6. The M1 shows a strong absorption in the visible region, which is beneficial to enhance photon harvesting in the active layer. The PM6Ir1:Y6 based PSCs exhibit the best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.71% with short-circuit current density (JSC) of 26.16 mA cm−2, open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.848 V and fill factor (FF) of 75.33%. A PCE improvement of about 7% is achieved compared with PM6Ir0:Y6 based control device with PCE of 15.65%, which is due to the markedly increased JSC and FF. The introduction of a moderate amount of M1 enhances the photon harvesting, triplet excitons and lifetime, charge mobility as well as optimizes the active layer morphology. This work indicates that iridium complexes with strong absorption in the visible region have a great potential to promote the photovoltaic performance.

The spatiotemporal change of cropland and its impact on vegetation dynamics in the farming-pastoral ecotone of northern China

Due to the unfavorable soil conditions and water resources, the cropland use pattern in the farming-pastoral ecotone in northern China is complex. The program named “Grain for Green” has accelerated the cropland change. However, the complex cropland and retired cropland are challenging to monitor with remote sensing due to their spatially dispersed and easily confused with spectrally similar land use classes such as nature grasslands and non-cropped fields. Taking farming-pastoral ecotone in the northern foot of the Yinshan Mountains as a case study, we explored a classification approach for complex cropland and retired cropland, which was introduced as a specific land use class by using multi-temporal Landsat TM and OLI images with Google Earth Engine. During 1990–2000, cropland increased with a sharper growth and increased with a slower growth from 2001 to 2010, and then decreased significantly from 2011 to 2019, to lead the cropland area in 2019 was smaller than an area in 1990. We analyzed the spatiotemporal trajectories of retired cropland in 2019 using the Land Use Change Trajectory method to evaluate its source. In our finding, approximately 77% of retired cropland was labelled as cropland before 2019; albeit, not all retired cropland was converted from cropland. Moreover, we qualitatively assessed the vegetation dynamics in the study area by utilizing the long-term NDVI-mean value to reveal that vegetation coverage has shown a continuously increasing trend. It is related to the decline of cropland and the increase of retired cropland at the same rate. Our results highlighted that the “Grain for Green” program had led the vegetation restoration in the farming-pastoral ecotone. Our approach for monitoring cropland and retired cropland can improve the understanding of the driving factors and consequences of these critical land use change trajectories.

The majority of tree growth on the monsoonal Tibetan Plateau has benefited from recent summer warming

The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is characterized by the world's highest timberlines, largest altitudinal range of forest distribution, and high warming rates. Whether the growth of most forests benefits from climate warming or is inhibited by warming-induced drought stress is still under debate. To understand this question, we collected tree-ring width (TRW) data from 6762 trees at 203 sites that contain 12 genera over the monsoonal TP (MTP) with an elevation range between 975 and 4478 m a.s.l. All sites were equally split into four transects along their altitudinal ranking. The mean tree growth rate (MTGR) of each transect was developed by assembling standardized TRW records. Our results suggest that MTGRs of the upper three transects (2992–4478 m) were stimulated by an increase in the summer (May-September) minimum temperature and have experienced unprecedented high values since the 1980s over the past three to four centuries. In contrast, warming-associated drought stress resulted in a sharp growth drop and minimum MTGR in the lowest transect (975–2970 m) during the 2000s, which was most pronounced in the Himalayan Mountains. We conclude that the majority of tree growth on the MTP has benefited from recent summer warming. The results are robust regardless of using alternative detrending methods, but still could be susceptible to the small replications of some species, outdated end years, oversimplification of the regional climate conditions, and varying growth response within each transect.

Numerical Study of Airfoil Tonal Noise Reduction using Segmented Elastic Panel Configuration

In this paper, a novel passive method for airfoil tonal noise reduction is proposed using a configuration of two segmented elastic panels mounted on the airfoil. Numerical investigation using perturbation evolution method is carried out at a low Reynolds number based on airfoil chord of 5x10 and an angle of attack of 5. The passive method of employing a single panel has shown promising tonal noise reduction capabilities where the resonating panel located just ahead of the sharp growth of boundary layer instability within the airfoil separation bubble provided the strongest reduction of instabilities and noise reduction up to 3 dB has been achieved. The idea is extended in the present study by employing a two-panel configuration based on the localized flow characteristics over the airfoil surface. Five different panel configurations are designed and their effectiveness in terms of tonal noise reduction is evaluated and compared with baseline configuration. The azimuth and spectral analyses indicate the different extent of noise reduction for each configuration and even noise amplification in one of them. A significant noise reduction up to 8 dB is observed for the optimum configuration indicating the effectiveness of this novel method for devices operating at low Reynolds number.

Impact of the 2015 Migration Crisis on German Food Security

The article considers some social and political consequences of the migration crisis of 2015 in the Federal Republic of Germany, as well as its impact on food security in the country. In order to as- sess the latter, the statistical data related to socioeconomic factors important for food security were analyzed. Both the problems faced by migrants and their positive contribution to the agricultural sector, as well as the methods taken by Germany to improve the situation of migrants were high- lighted. The most important factor influencing food security in the conditions of sharp population growth caused by the migration crisis is adaptation, since both the further involvement of migrants in the economic life of the country and their further prosperous existence depend on its success. The effectiveness of measures taken by the German government for adaptation of migrants ensured a significant contribution to the preservation of the former level of food security in the changed conditions of the state.

Impacts of E-Micromobility on the Sustainability of Urban Transportation—A Systematic Review

When considering the sharp growth rate of the use of e-micromobility vehicles, such as e-scooters and e-bikes, it is necessary to investigate whether these emerging modes of transport play a sustainable role in cities in terms of their energy efficiency, emissions, and their relationship with other modes of mobility, such as public transport. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the impacts of e-micromobility through a systematic review of relevant studies in the field of e-scooters and e-bikes. We followed the steps of PRISMA to conduct a systematic literature review, including identification, screening, eligibility and inclusion steps. One hundred forty-six studies were reviewed and compiled, and 29 of these studies were selected for the focus of this review and their research data were synthesized. The impacts of e-micromobilities were categorized into four categories—travel behaviors, energy consumption, environmental impacts, and safety and related regulations. The category of travel behaviors includes the analysis of the purposes of travel, modal shift from different modes of transport to e-micromobility vehicles, average travel time, and distance. In this review, the findings of relevant studies in different cities around world are compared to each other and synthesized to give an insight into the role of e-micromobility in the present and in the future of urban transportation.

IMPULSE DEVELOPMENT OF CITIES CAUSED BY THE RANGE OF CERTAIN INFRASTRUCTURAL FACTORS. FORMS AND EXPERIENCE

The issue of impulse development of cities caused by different infrastructural factors is considered. It has been determined that rapid development of urban planning structure which occurred over a short period of time can be viewed as an effective urban planning impulse, with the exception of the following conditions, when they: a) did not lead to sustainable results, b) did not solve the basic problems of life support; c) originated from the modernist legacy of total urban planning, which considered the possibility of creating a large urban structure from scratch, based on a one-time master plan). According to the history of their development, urban structures fall into two major categories: evolutionary and impulse-based. Evolutionary category includes the cities which have developed gradually, without any significant spurts from the original core, through the long-term accumulation of complications. While the cities, which fall into the impulse-based category are characterized by a stage of sharp acceleration of development or a kind of a growth spurt, followed by either stabilization or a relative slowdown. Given the task set in this study, this category of the cities was selected as the object of further consideration. Based on the analysis of the source base, four basic factors of historical urban planning have been outlined, which can be considered as impulse factors in the form of clearly expressed changes - infrastructural, demographic, economic, myth-making. Taking Tenochtitlan, Stockholm and Alexandria as the example, the content and functional structure of infrastructural impulse changes have been outlined. By these we mean rethinking of life support systems, which leads to sharp population growth and employment diversification. To become a ‘growth spurt’ factor, such changes must contain a number of special qualities: convenience, accessibility and uniqueness. Convenience is the difference in the use of infrastructural benefits between the locality in which the impulse change takes place and other similar cities. Accessibility means the ability to use (access) the infrastructural benefits by as many residents as possible. While uniqueness stands for a feature or set of infrastructure features that are notably absent in the cities of the competing area.

Importance of Recycling the Waste-Cables Containing Copper and PVC

Abstract Urbanization, development of economy, increasing population and improved living standards and lifestyle have caused a sharp growth in waste. Inappropriate or inefficient waste disposal techniques can cause serious air, soil, and groundwater pollution, which subsequently can negatively affect the urban environment and threaten the health of residents. The goal of waste management is to move to a circular economy in which waste does not exist. If there is no possible way to reduce or reuse waste, the best solution is recycling it. Recycling brings abundant benefits on the economic and ecological levels levels, and helps reduce overall human health risk of adverse impacts. Recycling of the waste-cables which contain PVC and copper replaces the production of virgin PVC and mining of copper from copper ore, it reduces landfill solid waste pressures, saves energy and water sources, reduces emissions to environment, and also reduces negative impacts from improperly dispose of waste, etc. This paper presents an overview of recycling techniques for the waste-cables containing copper as a core and polyvinyl chloride as an insulating layer or sheath. It also lists advantages and disadvantages of these techniques and importance of recycling this type of waste.

Цифровий маркетинг та соціальні мережі

The rapid development of digital communication technologies, the spread of Internet access to the population, the growing number of smartphones, increasing the number of social network users and other factors are the reason for the sharp growth of online operations and services in recent years. In 2020, the Covid-19 epidemic was added to this list of factors, creating an additional impetus for the growth of online business. This situation causes significant changes in the implementation of marketing activities by enterprises. Digital marketing is an important tool that allows companies to achieve their marketing goals, as well as influence a large number of people at a relatively low cost. More and more consumers are spending a significant amount of time on the Internet searching for information, products and services, communicating with other consumers about their experience and interaction with companies. The purpose of this article is to substantiate the theoretical and practical provisions of the use of digital marketing in the enterprise, to characterize the possibilities of using social networks as a tool of digital marketing, taking into account their features, limitations and advantages. The article substantiates that in modern conditions it is not enough to have only a website for the enterprise. Social networks play an increasingly important role not only in people’s lives, but also in business activities, which is an additional but important way to attract the attention of potential customers and promote trust. The most effective ways to use Facebook as a marketing tool are analyzed (direct advertising, social posting, detailed audience analysis, link sharing). It also describes a number of features that should be considered for forming a digital marketing strategy in 2021 and 2022. It is concluded that marketing in social networks can be a valuable tool that will help create an Internet brand awareness for the company, increase trust in it and develop the demand for goods and services.

Turkey: 2021 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Turkey

In Turkey, as in other countries, the human and economic toll of the COVID-19 pandemic has been severe. Thousands of lives have been tragically lost and many livelihoods compromised. The initial policy response to the pandemic—and subsequent sharp growth rebound—set Turkey apart from its peers. Rapid monetary and credit expansion and large liquidity support meant that Turkey was among the few countries to experience positive economic growth in 2020. But these policies also aggravated pre-existing economic and financial vulnerabilities. Higher inflation, increased dollarization, and a large shift in the current account position increased pressure on the lira and gave rise to heavy foreign exchange sales, which led in turn to steep reserve declines from already-low levels. A policy shift in late 2020—mainly towards tighter and more transparent monetary policy and slower credit growth—was both welcome and necessary. But the durability and depth of the shift were called into question in March 2021, following the change in central bank leadership, as the lira weakened markedly and interest rate spreads widened.

Convection of Viscoplastic Fluid in Square Cavity Heated from the Sidewalls

The paper is devoted to the numerical study of two-dimensional convective motion of a viscoplastic fluid in a closed region under lateral heating. The problem is solved numerically using the ANSYS Fluent software. The Bulkeley-Herschel model describing viscoplastic behavior was chosen as a non-Newtonian fluid model. Under certain rheological parameters, this model is reduced to a Newtonian fluid model, the behavior of which is also investigated as a limit case. Based on the results of the calculations, the dependence of the maximum value of the stream function in the cavity on the Rayleigh number is plotted and the evolution of the unyielded zones with an increase in the Rayleigh number is traced. The threshold value of the Rayleigh number, at which a sharp growth of the flow intensity is observed, has been determined. The calculated threshold value of the Rayleigh number for the Bulkley-Herschel liquid was found to be very close to the threshold value of the Rayleigh number at which the flow of the Bingham liquid arises, which was obtained analytically.

A parametric study of a hybrid battery thermal management system that couples PCM/copper foam composite with helical liquid channel cooling

A battery thermal management system that effectively maintains its temperature is highly desired. However, the promising cooling method utilizing phase change materials (PCM) has challenges of low thermal conductivity and sharp temperature growth after complete melting. To address the problems, a hybrid system that couples PCM/copper foam with helical liquid channels is proposed and the effects of the influencing factors are investigated numerically. Results showed that the hybrid system achieved more than 30 K temperature drop than the natural convection case. The maximum temperatures with the helical pitch of 10 mm and 40 mm were 332.28 K and 332.88 K, respectively, compared to 334.17 K for the straight-channel system. The increments of helical diameter and tube number improved the battery temperature but raised the power consumption. The flow velocity growth could significantly reduce the battery temperature, but beyond 0.05 m/s the temperature became relatively stable. In the studied ranges, the temperature reached the optimum at the foam porosity of 0.92 and was reduced with the increasing pore density. The maximum temperature with the melting point of 28 °C was around 4 K and 8 K lower than that of PCM35HC and PCM44HC cases. The conclusions in this study could provide insights into the design of hybrid battery thermal management systems.