Shared Framework Research Articles

High Reliability Collaborations: Theorizing Interorganizational Reliability as Constituted through Translation

High reliability organizations (HROs) need to collaborate to address risks that transcend organizational boundaries. HRO literature has yet to examine the challenge of creating interorganizational reliability, while collaboration literature can further explore how stakeholder priorities become dominant in collaborations. This study joins these bodies of literature to identify the growing domain of High Reliability Collaborations (HRCs). Drawing from 2 years of ethnographic research within a community emergency collaboration, the study theorizes that communicative translations constitute HRCs and serve to make sense of HROs and non-HROs as belonging to a shared collaborative framework. These translations are necessary to create reliability but also establish a negotiated order among collaborative stakeholders. This study finds that containing and controlling stakeholders can be an incentive to collaborate and that collaborative decision-making is influenced by stakeholder claims to urgency.

FALKE: Experiences From Transdisciplinary Educational Research by Fourteen Disciplines

This article details how the FALKE research project (Fachspezifische Lehrerkompetenzen im Erklären; Engl.: subject-specific teacher competency in explaining) integrates 14 heterogeneous disciplines in order to empirically examine the didactic quality of teacher explanations in eleven school subjects by bringing together trans-, multi-, and interdisciplinary perspectives. In order to illustrate the academic landscape of the FALKE project we briefly outline the nature of the transdisciplinary German “Fachdidaktiken” (Engl.: subject-matter didactics, i.e., special academic disciplines of teaching and learning specific school subjects). The FALKE project required the willingness of all researchers from eleven participating subject-matter didactics to rely on both the concepts and the methods of educational sciences as an overarching research framework (transdisciplinary aspect). All researchers of subject-matter didactics had to develop a shared conceptual, methodological, and administrative framework in order to empirically investigate commonalities in and differences between “good explanations” across the range of school subjects represented (multidisciplinary aspect). The additional perspectives of researchers in speech science and linguistics proved fruitful in recognizing rhetorical and linguistic aspects of teacher explanations (interdisciplinary aspect). Data management and statistical analysis were provided by the discipline methods of educational sciences. Rather than reporting empirical results, we here discuss opportunities and challenges as well as the lessons learned from the FALKE project regarding cognitive-epistemic reasoning, communication, and organization.

Understanding Disability: High-Quality Evidence in Research on Special Education Disproportionality

This chapter examines how studies focused on the same topic—disproportionality in special education—can generate vastly different conclusions about its sources and causes. By analyzing existing disagreements in the field, we explore essential questions about what constitutes high-quality and relevant evidence when seeking to understand how, when, for whom, and why disproportionality occurs. Using a holistic review of the empirical literature on disproportionality, we illustrate how differing epistemological and ontological views inform research around the topic of disability in schools and argue that to develop high-quality evidence around disproportionality, researchers need a shared framework that describes how school-based disabilities and classification processes intersect. A shared framework will enable researchers to evaluate whether their findings are expected or unexpected, connect to other related research, and build and rebuild paradigms around issues of equity in special education, rather than disregard one set of findings over another.

Shared Governance in Times of Change.

A strong shared governance framework gives nurses control over their practice. Whether unit based or system wide, shared governance provides the infrastructure to deliver high-quality patient care, especially in a crisis. This month's Magnet® Perspectives column takes a closer look at the concept of shared governance, how it has evolved, why it is important, and how it helped nurses in Magnet hospitals navigate the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. We explore the critical nature of ensuring that everyone's voice is heard to not only survive but also ultimately thrive during times of change.

A shared leadership framework based on boundary spanners in megaprojects

PurposeMegaprojects present an intricated pattern of leadership activities, which evolve over their planning and delivery and comprises several stakeholders. A framework is useful to navigate this complexity; it allows to identify and cluster the key elements. This paper aims to introduce a novel framework based on boundary spanners to describe the structural pattern of shared leadership in megaprojects.Design/methodology/approachA systematic literature review about boundary spanning and shared leadership is used to identify and cluster the key elements of shared leadership in megaprojects. The systematic literature review provides a rich theoretical background to develop the novel shared leadership framework based on boundary spanners.FindingsThere are three key dimensions characterizing shared leadership topology in megaprojects: stakeholders, boundary spanning leadership roles and project phases. The novel framework shows how project leadership dynamically transfers among different stakeholders, showing the importance of shared leadership as a leadership paradigm in megaprojects.Research limitations/implicationsThe novel framework epitomizes shared leadership in megaprojects by exploring its antecedents with social network metrics. This paper stresses that shared leadership is the envisaged form of leadership in megaprojects. By modeling complex project leadership in a simple, yet effective way, the framework fosters critical thinking for future research. The modeling introduced by this framework would also benefit practitioners in charge of megaprojects.Originality/valueThe paper moves the project leadership research to the network-level by taking boundary spanners as shared leadership roles in megaprojects. It shows how shared leadership is a valuable management tool for planning and delivery megaprojects.

Bilevel Information-Aware Distributed Resilient Control for Heterogeneous Microgrid Clusters

This article presents a resilient distributed bilevel cooperation control scheme to achieve load sharing of a heterogeneous microgrid cluster by employing a sparse multiagent communication network. Since communication networks are exposed to relative state-dependent measurement noises (i.e., multiplicative noises) in practice, which terribly reduces the stability and quality of the whole system. To tackle this challenge, a resilient distributed consensus control protocol with a shared communication framework and considering measurement noise disturbances is developed to regulate bidirectional power flow among heterogeneous microgrids for achieving load sharing by controlling bidirectional interconnecting converters. Furthermore, the closed-loop stability analysis of the whole system is carried out, accordingly we derive sufficient conditions to achieve load sharing among all heterogeneous microgrids in the mean square. Moreover, the control gains have been designed to guarantee the convergence. With the proposed scheme, loading sharing among the interconnected microgrids can be achieved proportionally even if the multiplicative noises exist. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy against the communication noises effect is verified by a modified heterogeneous microgrid cluster test network obtained from OPAL-RT real-time simulator.

The Importance of Human Domain Knowledge and Business Data Analytics to Support Modern Financial Decisions

The purpose of this study is to identify how importance is human domain knowledge and business data analytics to support modern financial decision. Understanding whether social media narratives could provide a value-add to current customer relationship management practices could be quite valuable. Design/methodology/approach-An analysis of the literature was undertaken and based on an assessment of the literature, conceptual states and pragmatic approaches as well as existing theoretical understandings and frameworks. An explorative case study approach based on Yin’s design will be utilized as a framework as well as a demographic survey to distill even further the characteristics of the sampling from a customer, management and social media user perspective. Furthermore, a customer relationship management framework which would include the adjoining of data analytics and social media narratives will be discussed in context of the research findings. This will help researchers and practitioners more readily explore the shared value framework which the study will be based and contribute to a more fulsome consideration of customer relationship management practice shifts within a technological and social media-oriented age. The contributions of this research will also help reiterate the importance of context in data management as well as the importance of the paradigmatic power shifts reflected in consumer usage of social media, product or service offerings, social consciousness and ethical practice as it relates to the influence of consumer intentions and subsequent purchasing intentions.The purpose of this qualitative exploratory case study was to gain common understandings of how importance is human domain knowledge and business data analytics to support modern financial decision. In order to support reliable and valid research, a purposive sample of customer relations managers, business analysts who have customer relations management (CRM) roles, and customers who utilize social media for the purposes of product or service development was attained.

Assessing Blockchain In Supply Chain Management

Blockchain technology which is establishment of bitcoin, has been used in numerous fields with its fast development resulting in the beginning of new innovation. Supply chain data is not always noticeable, accessible or trusted. Supply chains contain complex networks of suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers, auditors, and consumers. A blockchain's shared data innovation foundation would modernize work processes for all gatherings; it doesn't make a variation in the size of the business organization. Furthermore, a shared framework would give examiners more noteworthy visibility into participants’ activities along the block chain. Blockchain in Supply Chain Management empowers simple execution of safer and straightforward tracking of all kinds of transactions pertaining to areas such as product traceability, supplier payments, logistic transaction details, contract bids, and execution. This paper is a survey on blockchain in supply chain management. This paper focuses on the benefits of applying blockchain in supply chain management. It also discusses the issues faced in supply chain management and existing work in the related area.

A Complex Intervention for Alcohol Misuse Among Conflict-Affected Populations in Uganda and Ukraine: Study Protocol for the Qualitative Components in the CHANGE Trial

Qualitative research is increasingly being integrated within the development and evaluation phases of trials of complex health interventions. Qualitative research can complement effectiveness data and provide insights around how context and implementation impact the results of the trial and to what extent interventions fit implementation contexts after evaluation. Several qualitative studies have been conducted at different stages of trials of mental health and psychosocial support interventions for populations affected by adversity such as armed conflict and disasters. However, these qualitative components are usually implemented as disjointed components within the trial. The current protocol aims to provide a shared framework detailing the qualitative components of the CHANGE project trial: a program of work to address alcohol misuse and associated mental health comorbidities among conflict-affected populations in Uganda and Ukraine. In particular, the objectives of the current protocol are (i) to identify the specific qualitative questions and methods that will be undertaken in CHANGE; (ii) characterize the different methodological approaches to analyzing the data; and (iii) explain how each qualitative component within the different work-packages will cumulatively add value to each other over the duration of the CHANGE project. The current protocol will represent a useful template for the integration of serial qualitative research components within complex health interventions in humanitarian settings. Each qualitative components described will undergo formal ethics approval by ethics boards in the United Kingdom, Uganda, and Ukraine. Multiple mechanisms will be in place to ensure rigor and trustworthiness of the research by meeting the criteria of credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability.

When the Ventral Visual Stream is Not Enough: A Deep Learning Account of Medial Temporal Lobe Involvement in Perception

The medial temporal lobe (MTL) supports a constellation of memory-related behaviors. Its involvement in perceptual processing, however, has been subject to an enduring debate. This debate centers on perirhinal cortex (PRC), an MTL structure at the apex of the ventral visual stream (VVS). Here we leverage a deep learning framework that approximate visual behaviors supported by the VVS---i.e. lacking PRC. We first apply this approach retroactively, modeling 30 published concurrent visual discrimination experiments: Excluding non-diagnostic stimulus sets, there is a striking correspondence between VVS-modeled and PRC-lesioned behavior, while each are outperformed by PRC-intact participants. We corroborate these results with a novel experiment directly comparing PRC-intact performance with electrophysiological recordings from the macaque VVS. Finally, in silico experiments suggest that simple modifications to VVS-like models do not enable PRC-supported performance. By situating lesion, electrophysiological, and behavioral results within a shared computational framework, this work resolves decades of seemingly inconsistent experimental findings surrounding PRC involvement in perception.

Operation Status of Teleoperator Based Shared Control Telerobotic System

Telerobotic system is a typical human-machine system. The operation results not only depend on the performance of machine, but also the status of teleoperators (SoT). However, existing telerobotic systems scarcely consider the impact of teleoperators. This paper proposes a method for the online identification of the SoT and incorporates it to a shared control telerobotic system. First, some mental indicators are obtained based on Electroencephalogram during teleoperations. The relationship between the SoT and mental indicators is then established by a neural network. The online SoT identification is further implemented on a mobile telerobotic system. Second, a SoT based shared control framework is proposed in telerobotic system. The SoT is designed to dynamically adjust the control weight of the shared controller. Finally, comparative experiments are performed between a sensor based shared control method and the SoT based shared control method. The result validates the effectiveness of the proposed SoT based shared control method in telerobotic system.

Unleashing the potential of QoS-aware pricing within licensed shared access framework

We present a techno-economic analysis of a cellular market that operates within the licensed shared access (LSA) framework, consisting of a mobile network operator (MNO) that leases spectrum to a number of programme making and special events (PMSE) users. The MNO offers two quality-of-service (QoS) classes (high and low), differentiating the price based on the QoS class. The key question that we address is whether and to which extent the MNO has incentive to adopt this form of QoS-aware pricing. After getting some promising insights from the analysis of two case studies, we propose a general methodology. The first step is to model the parameters that are controlled by each PMSE user: (i) the way to choose between the two QoS classes and (ii) the available budget per QoS class. The second step is to compute the maximum revenue of the MNO. Our analysis reveals that the MNO can always tune the prices so as to maximise its revenue for the scenario where all users belong to the high QoS class. This is a consistent result throughout our study that holds for any considered set of user-controlled parameters and of technical parameters. We conclude that the adoption of QoS-aware pricing in an LSA market generates a tussle between the MNO and the regulator. The MNO has incentive to support fewer users but with high QoS and charge them more, which is not aligned with the regulator’s goal for social welfare maximisation.

A Multimodal Intention Detection Sensor Suite for Shared Autonomy of Upper-Limb Robotic Prostheses

Neurorobotic augmentation (e.g., robotic assist) is now in regular use to support individuals suffering from impaired motor functions. A major unresolved challenge, however, is the excessive cognitive load necessary for the human–machine interface (HMI). Grasp control remains one of the most challenging HMI tasks, demanding simultaneous, agile, and precise control of multiple degrees-of-freedom (DoFs) while following a specific timing pattern in the joint and human–robot task spaces. Most commercially available systems use either an indirect mode-switching configuration or a limited sequential control strategy, limiting activation to one DoF at a time. To address this challenge, we introduce a shared autonomy framework centred around a low-cost multi-modal sensor suite fusing: (a) mechanomyography (MMG) to estimate the intended muscle activation, (b) camera-based visual information for integrated autonomous object recognition, and (c) inertial measurement to enhance intention prediction based on the grasping trajectory. The complete system predicts user intent for grasp based on measured dynamical features during natural motions. A total of 84 motion features were extracted from the sensor suite, and tests were conducted on 10 able-bodied and 1 amputee participants for grasping common household objects with a robotic hand. Real-time grasp classification accuracy using visual and motion features obtained 100%, 82.5%, and 88.9% across all participants for detecting and executing grasping actions for a bottle, lid, and box, respectively. The proposed multimodal sensor suite is a novel approach for predicting different grasp strategies and automating task performance using a commercial upper-limb prosthetic device. The system also shows potential to improve the usability of modern neurorobotic systems due to the intuitive control design.

Reliability and Feasibility of the First-Episode Psychosis Services Fidelity Scale-Revised for Remote Assessment.

The authors sought to evaluate the interrater reliability and feasibility of the First-Episode Psychosis Services Fidelity Scale-Revised (FEPS-FS-R) for remote assessment of first-episode psychosis programs according to the coordinated specialty care model. The authors used the FEPS-FS-R to assess the fidelity of 36 first-episode psychosis program sites in the United States with information from three sources: administrative data, health record review, and phone interviews with staff. Four raters independently conducted fidelity assessments of five program sites by listening to each of the staff interviews and independently rating the two other data sources from each site. To calculate interrater reliability, the authors used intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for each of the five sites and across the total scores for each site. Total interrater reliability was in the good to excellent range, with a mean ICC of 0.91 (95% confidence interval = 0.72-0.99, p<0.001). Two first-episode psychosis program sites (6%) achieved excellent fidelity, 25 (69%) good fidelity, and nine (25%) fair fidelity. Of the 32 distinct items on the FEPS-FS-R, 23 (72%) were used with good or excellent fidelity. Most sites achieved high fidelity on most items, but five items received ratings indicating low-fidelity use at most sites. The fidelity assessment proved feasible, and sites required on average 10.5 hours for preparing and conducting the fidelity review. The FEPS-FS-R has high interrater reliability and can differentiate high-, moderate-, and low-fidelity sites. Most sites had good overall fidelity, but the FEPS-FS-R identified some services that were challenging to implement at many sites.

A Shared Framework of Reference, a First Step Toward Engineers’ and Biologists’ Synergic Reasoning in Biomimetic Design Teams

Abstract Biomimetic practice requires a diverse set of knowledge from both biology and engineering. Several researchers have been supporting the integration of biologists within biomimetic design teams in order to meet those biological requirements and improve the effectiveness of biomimetic processes. However, interdisciplinarity practices create well-known communication challenges. Based on functional representations (like SAPPhIRE or function behavior structure (FBS)), several approaches to model biological information have been investigated in the literature. Nonetheless, actual communication processes within interdisciplinary biomimetic design teams are yet to be studied. Following this research axis, this publication focuses on communication noises and wonders if a shared framework of reference can be defined to improve communication between biologists and engineers? Through the comparison of processes and graphic representations between biology and engineering design, a set of guidelines is defined to structure a shared framework of reference. Within this framework, a new tool referred to as LINKAGE is then proposed to assist interdisciplinary communication during the biomimetic process.

Internet of things forensic data analysis using machine learning to identify roots of data scavenging

In this paper, we proposed the blockchain-assisted shared audit framework (BSAF) to analyze digital forensic data in the IoT platform. The proposed framework was designed to detect the source/cause of data scavenging attacks in virtualized resources (VR). The proposed framework implements blockchain technology for access log and control management. Access log information is analyzed for its consistency of adversary event detection using logistic regression (LR) machine learning and cross-validation. An adversary event detected by LR is filtered using cross-validation to retain the precision of data analysis for varying user density and VRs. Experimental results prove the consistency of the proposed method by improving the data analysis, as well as reducing analysis time and the adversary event rate.

Integrating philosophy, policy and practice to create a just and fair health service

To practise ‘fairly and justly’ a clinician must balance the needs of both the many and the few: the individual patient in front of them, and the many unseen patients...

Driver-automation shared steering control for highly automated vehicles

A model predictive control (MPC)-based shared steering framework for intelligent vehicles is proposed in this paper. The road boundary and vehicle stability boundary are regarded as the safe envelope, and the tradeoff between the freedom of driver operation and safety assurance of intelligent vehicles is made within this safe envelope. Under this cooperative steering framework, the reliability of drivers is analyzed in dangerous situations and in the predictive time domain, and two improved schemes are proposed. Under the two improved schemes, the weight of the control objective can be adaptively changed according to the results of the threat assessment and predetermined strategy. At the same time, an evaluation index named control intervention rate and risk rate is proposed to evaluate the designed human-vehicle cooperation scheme. The simulation results show that the performance of the two improved schemes in ensuring the safety of intelligent vehicles has been improved.

Geopoetic Praxis in European Diversity/Decoloniality

ABSTRACT Based in Europe three authors deploy geopoetics as praxis to position their performance art work in the current debates on race, gender and sexuality in art and academia. They speak from displacement as mode of mobility into Belgium, where they engage in decolonial work. The article unfolds a relational approach in voicing resistance. Writing from distinct translocalities they merge European, South-African, Nepali, Iranian, sexual, gendered, religious and racial geographies into geopoetics. The article navigates geopoetics as praxis through three academic-artistic practices contributing to a shared theoretical framework building on work of queer and feminist scholars. Each author dives into a different yet interconnected angle of literacy and together they propose a shared framework of voicing translocal disidentifications as geopoetic literacy.

Improving Understanding of Participation and Attrition Phenomena in European Cohort Studies: Protocol for a Multi-Situated Qualitative Study

BackgroundCohort studies represent a strong methodology for increasing one’s understanding of human life-course development and etiological mechanisms. Retention of participants, especially during long follow-up periods, is, however, a major challenge. A better understanding of the motives for participation and attrition in cohort studies in diverse sociogeographic and cultural settings is needed, as this information is most useful in developing effective retention strategies.ObjectiveThis study aims to improve our understanding of participation and attrition phenomena in a European cohort study of very preterm/very-low-birth-weight (VPT/VLBW) infants from various sociogeographic and cultural settings to better understand variability and ultimately contribute to developing novel and more “in-context” strategies to improve retention.MethodsThis study uses a triangulation of multisituated methods to collect data on various cohorts in the Research on European Children and Adults Born Preterm (RECAP) network, which include focus group discussions, individual semidriven interviews, and a collaborative, reflexive visual methodology (participant-generated VideoStories) with relevant key actors involved with these cohort studies such as adult participants, parents (caregivers), cohort staff, health care professionals, and academic researchers. The methodological strategy aims to provide a shared flexible framework of various qualitatively driven methods to collect data on VPT/VLBW adult and child cohorts, from which research partners may choose and combine those most pertinent to apply in their own specific contexts. Data from all sources and sites will be submitted to a triangulation of phenomenological thematic analysis with discourse analysis.ResultsAs of January 2020, in this study, we enrolled 92 participants variously involved with child and adult RECAP partnering cohorts from six countries. Multisite enrollment and data collection are expected to be completed in all seven study settings by June 2020. Findings will be reported in future publications.ConclusionsQualitative research methods are a useful complement for enriching and illuminating quantitative results. We expect that opting for a multisituated study approach addressing the interplay of the lived experience of individuals in both researcher and researched stances of particular cohort study settings will contribute to filling some gaps in the understanding of participation variability and effectiveness of different implemented strategies in context. Moreover, health research subjects have traditionally been positioned as passive objects of study rather than active participants, even though they have the greatest stake in improving health care policies and practices. Including collaborative methods allows us to counteract the “top-down” model by handing over some research control to the very people who are providing the data on which research findings will be based while also acknowledging the value of their involvement.International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/14997