Shared Aspects Research Articles

Violences, displacements, and responses: exploring settler colonialism in North and Central America

ABSTRACT The essays in this special issue engage with the multiple enduring and contemporary violences that Indigenous communities – and in particular Indigenous women – experience within and across states in North and Central America. The special issue incorporates a hemispheric and transborder focus, situating accounts of violence, dispossession, and migration experienced by Indigenous communities in Guatemala and Mexico, next to, or side-by-side with accounts of multiple violence that Native communities face in the US. Indigenous peoples and cultures in the Americas have collectively endured some of the most violent and lethal acts of colonization, elimination, and erasure in the world, and the essays here directly address shared aspects of this historic and ongoing legacy. Summarizing the major themes addressed in articles in this special issue, this Introduction reflects on the content with special attention in the ways in which settler colonialism, and a focus on gender in relation to settler colonialism (Simpson 2014; Speed 2019; Theidon 2022) forces neo-Marxian Latin American studies perspectives such as coloniality to reevaluate foundational assumptions including historical periodizations and theoretical positionalities.

Disentangling the shared and unique aspects of clinical and subclinical socially aversive traits relevant for interpersonal personality dysfunction.

Most socially and/or ethically aversive traits from clinical and broad personality research overlap to a large degree. For the latter, however, the association with interpersonal personality dysfunction (IPD) is understudied. Moreover, it is also unclear to what extent the associations of aversive traits with IPD are due to their shared versus unique aspects. We investigate these questions based on a theoretical framework that comprehensively describes the shared variance of all aversive traits. To this end, we concurrently measured 20 aversive traits from clinical and broad personality research together with their common core. Results from five studies (four of them preregistered, total N = 4,847) revealed that all aversive traits are associated with IPD and that most do so (only) due to their common core. Only three traits offered additional aspects beyond the common core relevant for IPD. The results inform debates about whether to include more traits in the Alternative Model for Personality Disorders. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Supplemental Material for Disentangling the Shared and Unique Aspects of Clinical and Subclinical Socially Aversive Traits Relevant for Interpersonal Personality Dysfunction

Supplemental Material for Disentangling the Shared and Unique Aspects of Clinical and Subclinical Socially Aversive Traits Relevant for Interpersonal Personality Dysfunction

CONNECTION BETWEEN ARTISTIC EDITING AND ARTISTIC TRANSLATION

This scientific article investigates the necessity of adhering to linguistic norms and existing editorial principles when editing literary translations from foreign languages, taking into account the shared aspects of translation and editorial criteria. The study focuses on the quality of editing the Uzbek translation of the novel The Alchemist, compared to its English and Russian versions. It examines issues such as preserving the semantic features of the text during the editing process and provides suggestions and recommendations for addressing shortcomings that arise in the editorial process.

Research on the Dynamic Evaluation of the Competitiveness of Listed Seed Enterprises in China

Seed enterprises are crucial for ensuring national food security, the driving force behind the seed industry’s advancement, and the core entity in constructing a modern seed industry system. At the micro and macro levels, agricultural seed enterprises face challenges and pressures in earning excess profits, enhancing their competitive edge, and resisting the incursion of multinational seed enterprises. This article selects panel data from 49 listed seed enterprises in China from 2015 to 2022 and uses methods such as global principal component analysis (GPCA) and Q-type cluster analysis to measure and evaluate the competitiveness of Chinese seed enterprises. Research has found that: (1) From 2015 to 2022, the overall competitiveness of listed Chinese agricultural seed enterprises has shown an upward trend. The competitiveness of agricultural seed enterprises can be further decomposed into operational capabilities, growth capabilities, production efficiency, technological innovation capabilities, etc. (2) The top ten agricultural seed enterprises in China have obvious advantages in operational and technological innovation capabilities, but their growth capabilities and production efficiency are insufficient. (3) Regarding the vertical comparison of the seed industry, the ranking of the competitiveness of Chinese listed agricultural seed enterprises from strong to weak is wheat seed enterprises > other seed enterprises > melon and vegetable seed enterprises > corn seed enterprises > rice seed enterprises. (4) Compared with international seed industry giants, there are various reasons why China’s top agricultural seed enterprises have weaker competitiveness, specifically reflected in research and development investment, scale and market share, industrial layout, and other aspects. The findings of this research offer empirical evidence to bolster the competitiveness of seed enterprises and advance the seed industry, while also aiding in fortifying the nation’s strategic oversight of the seed sector, bearing profound implications for safeguarding food security.

Content and language integrated learning in Kazakhstan

This study is a scoping review of research conducted on Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) in Kazakhstan. A total of 26 studies were selected, including journal articles and master’s theses. The selected studies were thematically analyzed to identify key aspects and shared aspects. Three main thematically organized areas for CLIL research emerged from the reviewed studies: (1) Dominant perceptions and beliefs about CLIL, (2) Positive outcomes and challenges in CLIL, and (3) CLIL pedagogy and methodology. The majority of the reviewed studies primarily focused on students’ English language skills, investigated the affective and cognitive experience of CLIL, and addressed challenges, practices, and concerns related to CLIL. These themes capture the current landscape of CLIL research in Kazakhstan and contribute to a more holistic understanding of CLIL’s impact on language acquisition and educational practices, thereby informing approaches to language education in Kazakhstan’s trilingual education system.

Reduced cortical complexity in ventromedial prefrontal cortex is associated with a greater preference for risky and immediate rewards

Abstract In our everyday lives, we are often faced with situations in which we make choices that involve risky or delayed rewards. However, the extent to which we are willing to accept larger risky (over smaller certain) or larger delayed (over smaller immediate) rewards varies across individuals. Here, we investigated the relationship between cortical complexity in the medial prefrontal cortex and individual differences in risky and intertemporal preferences. We found that reduced cortical complexity in left ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) was associated with a greater preference for risky and immediate rewards. In addition to these common structural associations in left vmPFC, we also found associations between lower cortical complexity and a greater preference for immediate rewards that extended into the left dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and right vmPFC. Furthermore, these structural associations occurred in a context where a preference for risky rewards was correlated with a preference for delayed rewards across individuals. These results suggest that risk and intertemporal preferences are distinct but related, and likely influenced by multiple neurocognitive processes, with cortical complexity in vmPFC reflecting one shared aspect possibly related to impulsiveness in terms of risky and impatient economic choice. Future work should elucidate the complex relationships between brain structure and behavioral preferences.

국문장편소설과 로맨스 웹소설의 유사성

This research aims to identify certain similarities in the narrative structure between Korean Full-length novels and romance web novels, with the purpose of proposing a methodology for the modern utilization and popularization of Korean full-length novels. To achieve this, the narrative elements of Korean Full-length novels and romance web novels were divided into internal and external aspects for examination of their similarities.
 Firstly, it was highlighted that both genres share a similarity in focusing on the theme of ‘marriage’ in the progression of events. While a significant portion of classical novels deals with ‘marriage,’ it is challenging to find cases in Korean short novels where ‘marriage’ is placed at the center, driving diverse and complex narratives. Therefore, the similarity in narrative development centered around ‘marriage’ is considered a crucial measure.
 Additionally, setting up an idealized character with perfection in both internal and external aspects is a commonality between the two genres. Particularly, the detailed portrayal of the character’s internal and external facets shows a high degree of similarity between the two types. The use of Jaebeol or wealthy families as a major background is another shared aspect. Although the utilization of chaebol in Korean short novels may differ from setting wealthy families in romance web novels, the commonality lies in the foregrounding of these backgrounds.
 Externally, the research found similarity in the use of a serialized creative approach and the appeal to a female audience as a niche consumer group. Korean short novels are characterized by their serialized nature, while romance web novels also feature ‘series’ In conclusion, Korean short novels exhibit a high degree of similarity in narrative structure, both internally and externally, with romance web novels. Consequently, it is confirmed that the narrative grammar of romance web novels can be utilized as a strategy for the modern utilization and popularization of Korean full-lngth novels.

Renesansa in humanizem v zahodnoslovanskih književnostih: primerjalna bilanca in izgledi

Humanism in Western Slavonic literature manifests itself in a number of shared aspects, conditioned by the confluence of a similar spectrum of historical cultural streams, which came about within the territory of Poland, the Czech Lands and Upper Hungary (Catholics vs. Protestants, exclusive vs. plebeian art, etc.). The production of Latin humanists shared the greatest affinities, especially in the first development phase, when Latin poetry was the sphere of a narrow, cosmopolitan, intellectual elite. There are both similarities and differences in the area of literature in the vernacular languages, reflecting the influence of distinct social-cultural situations in particular countries, as well as a different genre system and foreign orientation. Polish literature displays the most direct links with the Italian Renaissance centre and is firmly associated with the aristocratic elite. These differences are also apparent in Czech-Polish literary contacts, which are rich but occasionally experience mutual dissonance.

Primary Immune Regulatory Disorders (PIRDs) That Amplify mTOR Signaling Share a T Cell Exhaustion-like Process

Background: Primary Immune Regulatory Disorders (PIRDs) are a complex and challenging-to-treat subset of Inborn Errors of Immunity (IEI), which are characterized by immune dysregulation leading to recurrent infections, lymphoproliferation, and autoimmunity including refractory cytopenias. Since many ultra-rare monogenic PIRDs exist, it is not feasible to design targeted therapies for each. An alternate strategy is to identify shared aspects of T cell dysfunction and strategies targeting them. We have focused our studies on PIRDs that chronically amplify T cell receptor (TCR) signaling, mimicking chronic infection. Under conditions of chronic inflammation and antigen presentation, seen during chronic infections, CD8 T cell exhaustion (Tex) can result and is characterized by increased inhibitory receptor expression, altered transcriptional networks, epigenetic poise, and impaired T cell functions including cytokine production. Here, we have evaluated CD8 T cell dysfunction in PIRDs, including the potential for Tex. Methods: Deep immune phenotyping and T cell functional analyses were performed using CyTOF and spectral flow cytometry, in addition to single cell RNA-sequencing and CITE-seq from untreated PIRD and healthy control PBMCs. Finally, CRISPR/Cas9 editing in healthy control CD8 T cells was used to create a cellular disease model. Results: We identified a Tex-like process in activated PI3 kinase delta syndrome (APDS), CTLA-4 haploinsufficiency, and Ras-associated Autoimmune Leukoproliferative Disease (RALD), which share increased mTOR activation. We identified increased PD-1, CD39, TIGIT and TOX expression on CD8 T cells consistent with a Tex-like phenotype. We also found impaired CD8 T cell cytokine and proliferation consistent with Tex. Lastly, a cellular model of CTLA-4 haploinsufficiency was created for perturbation studies to evaluate best available therapies and target novel therapeutics in these rare disorders. Conclusion: By identifying shared patterns of CD8 T cell dysfunction in these ultra-rare disorders, we may both identify novel therapeutic strategies and increase our understanding of CD8 T cell function, including cytokine production.

Aspectos generales del uso de métodos mixtos para investigación en salud

Traditionally, research has been divided according to its methodology into quantitative and qualitative. Mixed research methodology combines both methods and has established itself as a third approach, allowing to comprehensively address high-complexity research problems. Although there are various definitions of mixed methods research, they all share aspects such as the collection and analysis of both quantitative and qualitative data and the integrated interpretation of the results within the same research. This type of research is an important tool to address the complexity of health sciences, allowing the understanding and integration of quantitative data with experience-based aspects. In this way, a broad and deep perspective of health problems is achieved, providing a solution to sanitary policies and services. During the development of mixed methods research, there are key stages where both approaches can be integrated depending on the objectives set by the investigators. Although mixed methods studies may differ widely, general models have been identified to guide the development of a single specific design. These models are classified according to the priority of each approach, the sequence in which each approach will be executed, the level and timing of data integration, and the purpose of integrating the data for the study.

Development through Borders: Photogrammetry of a Moving Experience.

Recognizing the variety of borders that gather and divide our world, such as geographical, temporal, social and psychological, the study highlights that the transit across these borders drives changes and continuities that contribute to human development. The research emphasizes the relevance of reviewing both the individual singularities and the shared aspects of border crossing experiences. The matching of these approaches allows building theoretical models referring to those experiences. Thus, this article aims to review borders crossing as a developmental and abductively generalizable process. Through the analogy between Abductive Generalization and photogrammetry, the study proposes an innovative way of representing these complex experiences. Three ways of border crossing - spatial displacement, imagination and social interactions - are explored in terms of their developmental potential. Using a case study of psychologists in a humanitarian non-governmental organization - NGO, an abductively generalized model is presented highlighting the spatial, cultural and psychological dimensions involved. In addition, the study proposes a three-dimensional helical model of development inspired by photogrammetry, incorporating principles of this technique to improve the understanding on the border crossing process. By recognizing mesogenetic influences, such as institutional and cultural dimensions, the article puts forward an interdisciplinary approach to understand development through border crossing. The models presented may potentially drive future research and interventions in Semiotic Cultural Psychology, enriching the promotion of human development in different border contexts. The study fosters the extension of this work by including several perspectives, methods and paradigms.

Root responses to abiotic stress: a comparative look at root system architecture in maize and sorghum.

Under all environments, roots are important for plant anchorage and acquiring water and nutrients. However, there is a knowledge gap regarding how root architecture contributes to stress tolerance in a changing climate. Two closely related plant species, maize and sorghum, have distinct root system architectures and different levels of stress tolerance, making comparative analysis between these two species an ideal approach to resolve this knowledge gap. However, current research has focused on shared aspects of the root system that are advantageous under abiotic stress conditions rather than on differences. Here we summarize the current state of knowledge comparing the root system architecture relative to plant performance under water deficit, salt stress, and low phosphorus in maize and sorghum. Under water deficit, steeper root angles and deeper root systems are proposed to be advantageous for both species. In saline soils, a reduction in root length and root number has been described as advantageous, but this work is limited. Under low phosphorus, root systems that are shallow and wider are beneficial for topsoil foraging. Future work investigating the differences between these species will be critical for understanding the role of root system architecture in optimizing plant production for a changing global climate.

Art evading confinement: Abolition as Universal Design

Universal Design, initially an approach to designing barrier-free architectural spaces for disabled people, has primarily been adapted to schooling through the Universal Design for Learning framework. Contemporary abolitionism is a visionary grassroots movement to make prisons and jails obsolete, which has been brought into education discourse primarily through considering urban public schools as institutions of policing and punishment. By considering these strategies for reforming and ending confinement, respectively, this essay argues for a more expansive understanding of access in education. The argument for their compatibility in arts education is articulated first through reviewing shared aspects of these two approaches, then surveying examples drawn from artists’ practices, and lastly through a pedagogical approach framing the school as a complex and contradictory setting for making art.

Clustering rare diseases within an ontology-enriched knowledge graph.

Identifying sets of rare diseases with shared aspects of etiology and pathophysiology may enable drug repurposing. Toward that aim, we utilized an integrative knowledge graph to construct clusters of rare diseases. Data on 3242 rare diseases were extracted from the National Center for Advancing Translational Science Genetic and Rare Diseases Information center internal data resources. The rare disease data enriched with additional biomedical data, including gene and phenotype ontologies, biological pathway data, and small molecule-target activity data, to create a knowledge graph (KG). Node embeddings were trained and clustered. We validated the disease clusters through semantic similarity and feature enrichment analysis. Thirty-seven disease clusters were created with a mean size of 87 diseases. We validate the clusters quantitatively via semantic similarity based on the Orphanet Rare Disease Ontology. In addition, the clusters were analyzed for enrichment of associated genes, revealing that the enriched genes within clusters are highly related. We demonstrate that node embeddings are an effective method for clustering diseases within a heterogenous KG. Semantically similar diseases and relevant enriched genes have been uncovered within the clusters. Connections between disease clusters and drugs are enumerated for follow-up efforts. We lay out a method for clustering rare diseases using graph node embeddings. We develop an easy-to-maintain pipeline that can be updated when new data on rare diseases emerges. The embeddings themselves can be paired with other representation learning methods for other data types, such as drugs, to address other predictive modeling problems.

Scoping the links between acquisitive crime, criminal predation and family business

PurposeThe stereotypes of the dodgy businessman and businessman gangster are established typologies in both the criminology and family business literature, but nevertheless, there is still an evident dearth of substantive studies on the topic. Family business scholars have begun to acknowledge the limited nature of such explorations of criminality in family firm businesses. The purpose of this article is therefore to review, synthesise and solidify existing research on this under-researched area of family business management.Design/methodology/approachThis perspective article explores and synthesises the links between acquisitive crime, criminal predation and family business to address an identifiable research gap in the literature of criminology, entrepreneurship and family business. It examines the overlap between criminal activities and business practices, shedding light on how individuals in the family business community may become involved in criminal activities due to various factors, including coercion, addiction and financial gain.FindingsThis perspective highlights emerging research trends that have the potential to increase the knowledge about the “dark side” of family business.Research limitations/implicationsBeing a perspective paper this brief exploration of the literature can only cover a small cross section of the literature. A conceptual model emerges, which illustrates shared aspects of crimino-entrepreneurial identity between authentic entrepreneurs and criminals.Originality/valueThis perspective article scopes the extant literature covering the links between acquisitive crime, criminal predation and family business to help guide the direction of future research. The piece presents new perspectives on the intersection of acquisitive crime and family business, and its novelty lies in its synthesis of the disparate elements from the diverse literature to contribute to the said literature.

Global ecological civilization: An analysis of macro-level policies of the Belt and Road Initiative

The critical study of China’s influence on global sustainability is imperative, given its emergence as a global power. This paper examines China’s leading environmental discourse—ecological civilization—in the global context. Although ecological civilization has become a key envisioning concept in China’s domestic environmental politics and governance, the meanings of the term on the international stage have not been fully explored. This study empirically examine how ecological civilization is integrated into the Belt and Road Initiative—China’s most significant international policy under Xi. We conducted a thematic content analysis of macro-level guiding policies that cover the core content of the Belt and Road Initiative and underpin the formulation of other sectoral-specific policies. The evidence suggests that the objectives and schemes of the Belt and Road Initiative represent a distinct interpretation of ecological civilization in comparison to its domestic version, with a heavy emphasis on developmentalism, free trade, and voluntary environmentalism but remain ambiguous about ideas such as eco-socialism, state control, and human-nature harmony. A shared aspect between domestic and international discourses is the emphasis on the use of technologies as a means of addressing environmental challenges, which suggests that the Belt and Road Initiative inspires to promote Chinese eco-technologies and industries overseas.

Using representational similarity analysis to reveal category and process specificity in visual object recognition

Cross-condition comparisons on neurodevelopmental conditions are central in neurodiversity research. In the realm of visual perception, the performance of participants with different category-specific disorders such as developmental prosopagnosia (problems with faces) and dyslexia (problems with words) have contributed to understanding of perceptual processes involved in word and face recognition. Alterations in face and word recognition are present in several neurodiverse populations, and improved knowledge about their relationship may increase our understanding of this variability of impairment. The present study investigates organizing principles of visual object processing and their implications for developmental disorders of recognition. Some accounts suggest that distinct mechanisms are responsible for recognizing objects of different categories, while others propose that categories share or even compete for cortical resources. We took an individual differences approach to estimate the relationship between abilities in recognition. Neurotypical participants (N = 97 after outlier exclusion) performed a match-to-sample task with faces, houses, and pseudowords. Either individual features or feature configurations were manipulated. To estimate the separability of visual recognition mechanisms, we used representational similarity analysis (RSA) where correlational matrices for accuracy were compared to predicted data patterns. Recognition abilities separated into face recognition on one hand and house/pseudoword recognition on the other, indicating that face recognition may rely on relatively selective mechanisms in neurotypicals. We also found evidence for a general visual object recognition mechanism, while some combinations of category (faces, houses, words) and processing type (featural, configural) likely rely on additional mechanisms. Developmental conditions may therefore reflect combinations of impaired and intact aspects of specific and general visual object recognition mechanisms, where featural and configural processes for one object category separate from the featural or configural processing of another. More generally, RSA is a promising approach for advancing understanding of neurodiversity, including shared aspects and distinctions between neurodevelopmental conditions of visual recognition.

Amplified STAT3 signaling alters expression of CD39 in STAT3 gain-of-function (STAT3 GOF) and in healthy donor CD8 +T cells

Abstract It is still unknown whether primary immune regulatory disorders (PIRD) due to genetic variants that amplify T cell receptor and/or inflammatory cytokine signaling yield T cell exhaustion. Here, we investigate the impact of dysregulated cytokine signaling on CD8 +T cells in STAT3 gain-of-function (STAT3 GOF) patients. Immune profiling via 43-parameter CyTOF reveals altered CD8 +T cell differentiation, including loss of naïve cells, increased frequency of effector memory and T EMRAcells, and downregulation of markers of stemness (i.e., TCF-1 and CD127) in STAT3 GOF. Additionally, STAT3 GOF CD8 +T cells demonstrate decreased IL-2 production and proliferation. We identify increased expression of the ecto-enzyme, CD39, which has been reported on exhausted cells and hydrolyzes extracellular ATP, on CD8 +T cells from STAT3 GOF patients and in a mouse model of STAT3 GOF. To identify the signals regulating CD39, healthy donor CD8 +T cells were cultured with STAT3-activating cytokines alone but did not upregulate CD39. However, TCR engagement led to robust CD39 expression which was further augmented with STAT3-activating cytokines. Specifically, CD39 upregulation occurs in pSTAT3 Y705+cells. Finally, sorted CD39 +CD8 +T cells hydrolyzed ATP and suppressed effector CD8 +T cell proliferation compared to CD39 −CD8 +T cells. These data suggest that STAT3 signaling may play a role in regulating CD39 levels and thus contribute to CD8 +T cell exhaustion, which will be explored in future work. Understanding how dysregulated STAT3 signaling impacts T cell function in these rare patients can improve our understanding of this complex disease and may yield insights into shared aspects of T cell dysfunction found in more common inflammatory diseases. HHMI Gilliam Fellowship for Advanced Studies (GT15736) Penn Presidential Fellowship PIDTC (Henrickson Lab) IDF (Henrickson Lab) NIH NIAD K08AI135091 (Henrickson Lab) Burroughs Wellcome Fund CAMS (Henrickson Lab)

Aesthetic mutuality: A mechanism of change in the creative arts therapies as applied to dance/movement therapy

The discipline of Creative Arts Therapies (CATs) has begun to articulate mechanisms of change and therapeutic factors that are shared across the various modalities (dance/movement, drama, music, art, poetry) while also identifying specific factors within a discipline. Further development of this work is imperative towards establishing theories that can be tested to advance the efficacy of the CATs. Through an in-depth literature review and a supporting clinical case study, Aesthetic Mutuality (AM), a CAT fundamental mechanism, is further developed to provide a theoretical framework and taxonomy for “picking up” within dance/movement therapy (DMT). Furthermore, the theory of AM reveals, deepens, and connects shared aspects of active ingredients within the Arts in Health discipline while also differentiating from the CATs through the therapeutic relationship. Specifically, eight components of the therapeutic movement relationship are identified and described within DMT. Aesthetic mutuality enriches both the CAT and AiH disciplines, offering implications for education, research, and practice.